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architecturally, the school has a catholic character. atop the main building's gold dome is a golden statue of the virgin mary. immediately in front of the main building and facing it, is a copper statue of christ with arms upraised with the legend "venite ad me omnes". next to the main building is the basilica of the sacred heart. immediately behind the basilica is the grotto, a marian place of prayer and reflection. it is a replica of the grotto at lourdes, france where the virgin mary reputedly appeared to saint bernadette soubirous in 1858. at the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the gold dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of mary.

to whom did the virgin mary allegedly appear in 1858 in lourdes france?

{'text': array(['saint bernadette soubirous'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([515], dtype=int32)}

saint bernadette soubirous

as at most other universities, notre dame's students run a number of news media outlets. the nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. begun as a one-page journal in september 1876, the scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the united states. the other magazine, the juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. the dome yearbook is published annually. the newspapers have varying publication interests, with the observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both notre dame and saint mary's college. unlike scholastic and the dome, the observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the university. in 1987, when some students believed that the observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, common sense was published. likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper irish rover went into production. neither paper is published as often as the observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. finally, in spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, beyond politics, made its debut.

when did the scholastic magazine of notre dame begin publishing?

{'text': array(['september 1876'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([248], dtype=int32)}

september 1876

the university is the major seat of the congregation of holy cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in rome). its main seminary, moreau seminary, is located on the campus across st. joseph lake from the main building. old college, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of st. mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. retired priests and brothers reside in fatima house (a former retreat center), holy cross house, as well as columba hall near the grotto. the university through the moreau seminary has ties to theologian frederick buechner. while not catholic, buechner has praised writers from notre dame and moreau seminary created a buechner prize for preaching.

where is the headquarters of the congregation of the holy cross?

{'text': array(['rome'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([119], dtype=int32)}

rome

the college of engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the college of science since the 1870s. today the college, housed in the fitzpatrick, cushing, and stinson-remick halls of engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with eight b.s. degrees offered. additionally, the college offers five-year dual degree programs with the colleges of arts and letters and of business awarding additional b.a. and master of business administration (mba) degrees, respectively.

how many bs level degrees are offered in the college of engineering at notre dame?

{'text': array(['eight'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([487], dtype=int32)}

eight

all of notre dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the first year of studies program. the first year of studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. each student is given an academic advisor from the program who helps them to choose classes that give them exposure to any major in which they are interested. the program also includes a learning resource center which provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring. this program has been recognized previously, by u.s. news & world report, as outstanding.

what entity provides help with the management of time for new students at notre dame?

{'text': array(['learning resource center'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([496], dtype=int32)}

learning resource center

the university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a master of arts (ma), in the 1854–1855 academic year. the program expanded to include master of laws (ll.m.) and master of civil engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. this changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering doctorate (phd) degrees. today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. most of the departments from the college of arts and letters offer phd programs, while a professional master of divinity (m.div.) program also exists. all of the departments in the college of science offer phd programs, except for the department of pre-professional studies. the school of architecture offers a master of architecture, while each of the departments of the college of engineering offer phd programs. the college of business offers multiple professional programs including mba and master of science in accountancy programs. it also operates facilities in chicago and cincinnati for its executive mba program. additionally, the alliance for catholic education program offers a master of education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the southern united states for two school years.

the granting of doctorate degrees first occurred in what year at notre dame?

{'text': array(['1924'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([358], dtype=int32)}

1924

the joan b. kroc institute for international peace studies at the university of notre dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. it offers phd, master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. it was founded in 1986 through the donations of joan b. kroc, the widow of mcdonald's owner ray kroc. the institute was inspired by the vision of the rev. theodore m. hesburgh csc, president emeritus of the university of notre dame. the institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.

what institute at notre dame studies the reasons for violent conflict?

{'text': array(['joan b. kroc institute for international peace studies'],

joan b. kroc institute for international peace studies'],

the library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. the main building is the 14-story theodore m. hesburgh library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. the front of the library is adorned with the word of life mural designed by artist millard sheets. this mural is popularly known as "touchdown jesus" because of its proximity to notre dame stadium and jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.

how many stories tall is the main library at notre dame?

{'text': array(['14'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([136], dtype=int32)}

14

notre dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). the academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. the university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to notre dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to notre dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the united states. while all entering students begin in the college of the first year of studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.

how many incoming students did notre dame admit in fall 2015?

{'text': array(['3,577'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([109], dtype=int32)}

3,577

in 2015-2016, notre dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the united states in u.s. news & world report's best colleges 2016. in 2014, usa today ranked notre dame 10th overall for american universities based on data from college factual. forbes.com's america's best colleges ranks notre dame 13th among colleges in the united states in 2015, 8th among research universities, and 1st in the midwest. u.s. news & world report also lists notre dame law school as 22nd overall. businessweek ranks mendoza college of business undergraduate school as 1st overall. it ranks the mba program as 20th overall. the philosophical gourmet report ranks notre dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while architect magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. according to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of university of notre dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the united states. the median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.

where did u.s. news & world report rank notre dame in its 2015-2016 university rankings?

{'text': array(['18th overall'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([32], dtype=int32)}

18th overall

father joseph carrier, c.s.c. was director of the science museum and the library and professor of chemistry and physics until 1874. carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the church. one of carrier's students was father john augustine zahm (1851–1921) who was made professor and co-director of the science department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. zahm was active in the catholic summer school movement, which introduced catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. his book evolution and dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great church teachers thomas aquinas and augustine taught something like it. the intervention of irish american catholics in rome prevented zahm's censure by the vatican. in 1913, zahm and former president theodore roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the amazon.

what person was the director of the science museum at notre dame in the late 19th century?

{'text': array(['father joseph carrier, c.s.c.'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([0], dtype=int32)}

father joseph carrier, c.s.c.

in 1882, albert zahm (john zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. around 1899, professor jerome green became the first american to send a wireless message. in 1931, father julius nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936, and continues now partly through a partnership in the joint institute for nuclear astrophysics.

in what year did albert zahm begin comparing aeronatical models at notre dame?

{'text': array(['1882'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([3], dtype=int32)}

1882

the lobund institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. this area of research originated in a question posed by pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. but the objective was not merely to answer pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. this objective was reached and for years lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. today the work has spread to other universities. in the beginning it was under the department of biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. in the 1940s lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an institute. in 1958 it was brought back into the department of biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of phd in gnotobiotics.

work on a germ-free-life ended up in the creation of which notre dame institute?

{'text': array(['the lobund institute'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([0], dtype=int32)}

the lobund institute

the review of politics was founded in 1939 by gurian, modeled after german catholic journals. it quickly emerged as part of an international catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. for 44 years, the review was edited by gurian, matthew fitzsimons, frederick crosson, and thomas stritch. intellectual leaders included gurian, jacques maritain, frank o'malley, leo richard ward, f. a. hermens, and john u. nef. it became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a catholic and scholastic tradition.

gurian created what in 1939 at notre dame?

{'text': array(['the review of politics'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([0], dtype=int32)}

the review of politics

as of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. the university president, john jenkins, described his hope that notre dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. the university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the medieval institute, the kellogg institute for international studies, the kroc institute for international peace studies, and the center for social concerns. recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the united states with china, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the internet. as of 2013, the university is home to the notre dame global adaptation index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.

who was the president of notre dame in 2012?

{'text': array(['john jenkins'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([80], dtype=int32)}

john jenkins

in 2014 the notre dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (law, m.div., business, m.ed.) students. around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the midwestern united states, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. as of march 2007[update] the princeton review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. as of march 2015[update] the princeton review ranked notre dame as the ninth highest. the school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and the princeton review ranks the university highly among schools at which "alternative lifestyles [are] not an alternative." it has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; hispanic magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for latinos, and the journal of blacks in higher education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of african-american students. with 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by sports illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 the princeton review named it as the top school where "everyone plays intramural sports." the annual bookstore basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the notre dame men's boxing club hosts the annual bengal bouts tournament that raises money for the holy cross missions in bangladesh.

how many undergrads were attending notre dame in 2014?

{'text': array(['8,448'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([71], dtype=int32)}

8,448

about 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. the majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. the university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. there are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural american football. at the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in notre dame stadium.

what percentage of undergrads live on the notre dame campus?

{'text': array(['80%'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([6], dtype=int32)}

80%

the university is affiliated with the congregation of holy cross (latin: congregatio a sancta cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "csc"). while religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as christian, with over 80% of the total being catholic. collectively, catholic mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. there are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of mary on the main building, the notre dame grotto, and the word of life mural on hesburgh library depicting christ as a teacher. additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. there are many religious clubs (catholic and non-catholic) at the school, including council #1477 of the knights of columbus (koc), baptist collegiate ministry (bcm), jewish club, muslim student association, orthodox christian fellowship, the mormon club, and many more. the notre dame kofc are known for being the first collegiate council of kofc, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.

what is congregation of holy cross in latin?

{'text': array(['congregatio a sancta cruce'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([73], dtype=int32)}

congregatio a sancta cruce

this main building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in april 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. the university founder, fr. sorin and the president at the time, the rev. william corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire university. construction was started on the 17th of may and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. the library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new main building for years afterwards. around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. eventually becoming known as washington hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. by 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a science hall (today lafortune student center) was built in 1883. the hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.

what was the music hall at notre dame called?

{'text': array(['washington hall'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([702], dtype=int32)}

washington hall

in 1919 father james burns became president of notre dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. by contrast, the jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. their graduates were shut out of harvard law school for that reason. notre dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. by 1921, with the addition of the college of commerce, notre dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. the university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.

what type of education was pushed at notre dame before its embracing of national standards?

{'text': array(['scholastic and classical'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([244], dtype=int32)}

scholastic and classical

one of the main driving forces in the growth of the university was its football team, the notre dame fighting irish. knute rockne became head coach in 1918. under rockne, the irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. during his 13 years the irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the rose bowl in 1925, and produced players such as george gipp and the "four horsemen". knute rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in ncaa division i/fbs football history. rockne's offenses employed the notre dame box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. the last game rockne coached was on december 14, 1930 when he led a group of notre dame all-stars against the new york giants in new york city.

the notre dame football team got a new head coach in 1918, who was it?

{'text': array(['knute rockne'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([117], dtype=int32)}

knute rockne

the success of its football team made notre dame a household name. the success of note dame reflected rising status of irish americans and catholics in the 1920s. catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the protestant establishment in america — harvard, yale, princeton, and army. yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of catholicism made it an easy target of anti-catholicism. the most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between notre dame students and the ku klux klan in 1924. nativism and anti-catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the kkk's rhetoric, and notre dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the catholic church. the klan decided to have a week-long klavern in south bend. clashes with the student body started on march 17, when students, aware of the anti-catholic animosity, blocked the klansmen from descending from their trains in the south bend station and ripped the kkk clothes and regalia. on may 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the klavern, and only the arrival of college president fr. matthew walsh prevented any further clashes. the next day, football coach knute rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. a few days later the klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the kkk in indiana.

catholic people identified with notre dame, what religious group did people feel yale represented?

{'text': array(['the protestant establishment'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([297], dtype=int32)}

the protestant establishment

the rev. john j. cavanaugh, c.s.c. served as president from 1946 to 1952. cavanaugh's legacy at notre dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when notre dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. cavanaugh also established the lobund institute for animal studies and notre dame's medieval institute. cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the nieuwland science hall, fisher hall, and the morris inn, as well as the hall of liberal arts (now o'shaughnessy hall), made possible by a donation from i.a. o'shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an american catholic university. cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development

around the time that rev. cavanaugh became president of notre dame by how much did the undergrad student body of notre dame increase?

{'text': array(['more than half'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([428], dtype=int32)}

more than half

the rev. theodore hesburgh, c.s.c., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. in that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.

what was the lifespan of theodore hesburgh?

{'text': array(['1917–2015'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([37], dtype=int32)}

1917–2015

hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of notre dame by making it a coeducational institution. in the mid-1960s notre dame and saint mary's college developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. after extensive debate, merging with st. mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. "in american college education," explained the rev. charles e. sheedy, c.s.c., notre dame's dean of arts and letters, "certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... in this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism." thomas blantz, c.s.c., notre dame's vice president of student affairs, added that coeducation "opened up a whole other pool of very bright students." two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. in 1971 mary ann proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from st. mary's college. in 1972 the first woman to graduate was angela sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing.

what type of educational institute is hesburgh given credit for creating at notre dame?

{'text': array(['coeducational'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([82], dtype=int32)}

coeducational

in the 18 years under the presidency of edward malloy, c.s.c., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. he increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average sat score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. notre dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of catholic higher education.

during what years was edward malloy president of notre dame?

{'text': array(['1987–2005'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([64], dtype=int32)}

1987–2005

since 2005, notre dame has been led by john i. jenkins, c.s.c., the 17th president of the university. jenkins took over the position from malloy on july 1, 2005. in his inaugural address, jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. during his tenure, notre dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including compton family ice arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the campus crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of notre dame stadium.

when did john jenkins become the president of notre dame?

{'text': array(['2005'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([6], dtype=int32)}

2005

because of its catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. the old college building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the congregation of holy cross. the current basilica of the sacred heart is located on the spot of fr. sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. it is built in french revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from france. the interior was painted by luigi gregori, an italian painter invited by fr. sorin to be artist in residence. the basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. inside the church there are also sculptures by ivan mestrovic. the grotto of our lady of lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in lourdes, france. it is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.

which congregation is in charge of the old college at notre dame?

{'text': array(['congregation of holy cross'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([162], dtype=int32)}

congregation of holy cross

a science hall was built in 1883 under the direction of fr. zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named lafortune center, after joseph lafortune, an oil executive from tulsa, oklahoma. commonly known as "lafortune" or "lafun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the notre dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. lafortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. many businesses, services, and divisions of the office of student affairs are found within. the building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.

which person oversaw the creation of a science hall at notre dame in 1883?

{'text': array(['fr. zahm'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([56], dtype=int32)}

fr. zahm

since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the theodore hesburgh library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the debartolo performing arts center, the guglielmino complex, and the jordan hall of science. additionally, a new residence for men, duncan hall, was begun on march 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the fall 2008 semester. ryan hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. a new engineering building, stinson-remick hall, a new combination center for social concerns/institute for church life building, geddes hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. the stayer center for executive education, which houses the mendoza college of business executive education department opened in march 2013 just south of the mendoza college of business building. because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. the most famous is notre dame stadium, home of the fighting irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. prominent venues include also the edmund p. joyce center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the compton family ice arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. also, there are many outdoor fields, as the frank eck stadium for baseball.

how many halls are at notre dame that house students?

{'text': array(['29'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([120], dtype=int32)}

29

the university of notre dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the office of sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.as of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing leed-certified status and three were pursuing leed silver. notre dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. on the sustainable endowments institute's college sustainability report card 2010, university of notre dame received a "b" grade. the university also houses the kroc institute for international peace studies. father gustavo gutierrez, the founder of liberation theology is a current faculty member.

in what year did notre dame create the office of sustainability?

{'text': array(['2008'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([142], dtype=int32)}

2008

the university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. the university has had a presence in london, england, since 1968. since 1998, its london center has been based in the former united university club at 1 suffolk street in trafalgar square. the center enables the colleges of arts & letters, business administration, science, engineering and the law school to develop their own programs in london, as well as hosting conferences and symposia. other global gateways are located in beijing, chicago, dublin, jerusalem and rome.

in what year did notre dame first have a facility in england?

{'text': array(['1968'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([198], dtype=int32)}

1968

the college of arts and letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. the university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the jesuit ratio studiorum from saint louis university. today the college, housed in o'shaughnessy hall, includes 20 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards bachelor of arts (b.a.) degrees in 33 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. there are around 2,500 undergraduates and 750 graduates enrolled in the college.

what was notre dame's first college?

{'text': array(['the college of arts and letters'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([0], dtype=int32)}

the college of arts and letters

the college of science was established at the university in 1865 by president father patrick dillon. dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. today the college, housed in the newly built jordan hall of science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study – biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, pre-professional studies, and applied and computational mathematics and statistics (acms) – each awarding bachelor of science (b.s.) degrees. according to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the united states.

which president at notre dame created the college of science?

{'text': array(['father patrick dillon'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([78], dtype=int32)}

father patrick dillon

the school of architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. today the school, housed in bond hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the bachelor of architecture degree. all undergraduate students study the third year of the program in rome. the university is globally recognized for its notre dame school of architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of new urbanism and new classical architecture). it also awards the renowned annual driehaus architecture prize.

in 1899 notre dame formed which college?

{'text': array(['school of architecture'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([4], dtype=int32)}

school of architecture

the library system also includes branch libraries for architecture, chemistry & physics, engineering, law, and mathematics as well as information centers in the mendoza college of business, the kellogg institute for international studies, the joan b. kroc institute for international peace studies, and a slide library in o'shaughnessy hall. a theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. located on the first floor of stanford hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. the library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country.

in what year did the opening of a theology library at notre dame occur?

{'text': array(['2015'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([388], dtype=int32)}

2015

the rise of hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous catholic intellectuals to flee europe; president john o'hara brought many to notre dame. from germany came anton-hermann chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and waldemar gurian a german catholic intellectual of jewish descent. positivism dominated american intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, gurian received a german catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under max scheler. ivan meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. yves simon (1903–61), brought to nd in the 1940s the insights of french studies in the aristotelian-thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher jacques maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.

what caused many intellectual catholics to leave europe in the 1930s?

{'text': array(['the rise of hitler and other dictators'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([0], dtype=int32)}

the rise of hitler and other dictators

the university of notre dame du lac (or simply notre dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ noh-tər-daym) is a catholic research university located adjacent to south bend, indiana, in the united states. in french, notre dame du lac means "our lady of the lake" and refers to the university's patron saint, the virgin mary. the main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the golden dome, the "word of life" mural (commonly known as touchdown jesus), and the basilica.

the school known as notre dame is known by a more lengthy name, what is it?

{'text': array(['university of notre dame du'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([4], dtype=int32)}

university of notre dame du

notre dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its fighting irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach knute rockne. the university's athletic teams are members of the ncaa division i and are known collectively as the fighting irish. the football team, an independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven heisman trophy winners, 62 members in the college football hall of fame and 13 members in the pro football hall of fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. other nd teams, chiefly in the atlantic coast conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. the notre dame victory march is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.

what caused notre dame to become notable in the early 20th century?

{'text': array(['its fighting irish football team'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([62], dtype=int32)}

its fighting irish football team

besides its prominence in sports, notre dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research university, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the united states and as a major global university. the undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (arts and letters, science, engineering, business) and the architecture school. the latter is known for teaching new classical architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual driehaus architecture prize. notre dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the notre dame law school and a md-phd program offered in combination with iu medical school. it maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including hesburgh library and the snite museum of art. over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. the university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among u.s. colleges.

where among us universities does notre dame rank?

{'text': array(['among the top twenty'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([140], dtype=int32)}

among the top twenty

in 1842, the bishop of vincennes, célestine guynemer de la hailandière, offered land to father edward sorin of the congregation of the holy cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. fr. sorin arrived on the site with eight holy cross brothers from france and ireland on november 26, 1842, and began the school using father stephen badin's old log chapel. he soon erected additional buildings, including old college, the first church, and the first main building. they immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.

in what year was father edward sorin given two years to create a college?

{'text': array(['1842'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([3], dtype=int32)}

1842

the first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. the university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. with each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. the original main building built by sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger "main building" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. beginning in 1873, a library collection was started by father lemonnier. by 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the main building.

in what year did the initial degrees get handed out at notre dame?

{'text': array(['1849'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([51], dtype=int32)}

1849

the television station, ndtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by september 2006. wsnd-fm serves the student body and larger south bend community at 88.9 fm, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. another radio station, wvfi, began as a partner of wsnd-fm. more recently, however, wvfi has been airing independently and is streamed on the internet.

which television station finds its home at notre dame?

{'text': array(['ndtv'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([24], dtype=int32)}

ndtv

the first phase of eddy street commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the university of notre dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on june 3, 2008. the eddy street commons drew union protests when workers hired by the city of south bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. the developer, kite realty out of indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.

how much is eddy street commons at notre dame expected to cost?

{'text': array(['$215 million'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([42], dtype=int32)}

$215 million

notre dame teams are known as the fighting irish. they compete as a member of the national collegiate athletic association (ncaa) division i, primarily competing in the atlantic coast conference (acc) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. the fighting irish previously competed in the horizon league from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the big east conference through 2012–13. men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. the football team competes as an football bowl subdivision (fbs) independent since its inception in 1887. both fencing teams compete in the midwest fencing conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in hockey east.

what does the acronym ncaa stand for?

{'text': array(['national collegiate athletic association'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([82], dtype=int32)}

national collegiate athletic association

notre dame's conference affiliations for all of its sports except football and fencing changed in july 2013 as a result of major conference realignment, and its fencing affiliation will change in july 2014. the irish left the big east for the acc during a prolonged period of instability in the big east; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against acc opponents. in ice hockey, the irish were forced to find a new conference home after the big ten conference's decision to add the sport in 2013–14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the central collegiate hockey association, after the 2012–13 season. notre dame moved its hockey team to hockey east. after notre dame joined the acc, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014–15 school year. there are many theories behind the adoption of the athletics moniker but it is known that the fighting irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus francis wallace in his new york daily news columns. the official colors of notre dame are navy blue and gold rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. in addition, the color green is often worn because of the fighting irish nickname. the notre dame leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. created by theodore w. drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. the leprechaun was featured on the cover of time in november 1964 and gained national exposure.

to what conference did the fighting irish go after the big east?

{'text': array(['the acc'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([239], dtype=int32)}

the acc

on july 1, 2014, the university of notre dame and under armour reached an agreement in which under armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to notre dame for 10 years. this contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the ncaa. the university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. the band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the united states, was honored by the national music council as a "landmark of american music" during the united states bicentennial. the band regularly plays the school's fight song the notre dame victory march, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by northern illinois professor william studwell. according to college fight songs: an annotated anthology published in 1998, the "notre dame victory march" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time.

who currently provides uniforms to notre dame sport teams?

{'text': array(['under armour'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([50], dtype=int32)}

under armour

the notre dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the michigan wolverines football team brought football to notre dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. in the long history since then, 13 fighting irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. additionally, the program has the most members in the college football hall of fame, is tied with ohio state university with the most heisman trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in ncaa history. with the long history, notre dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against usc for the jeweled shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.

which team did notre dame's football team find inspiration from?

{'text': array(['michigan wolverines football team'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([74], dtype=int32)}

michigan wolverines football team

george gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. he played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. he was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. it was in 1928 that famed coach knute rockne used his final conversation with the dying gipp to inspire the notre dame team to beat the army team and "win one for the gipper." the 1940 film, knute rockne, all american, starred pat o'brien as knute rockne and ronald reagan as gipp. today the team competes in notre dame stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. the current head coach is brian kelly, hired from the university of cincinnati on december 11, 2009. kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at notre dame is 52–21. in 2012, kelly's fighting irish squad went undefeated and played in the bcs national championship game. kelly succeeded charlie weis, who was fired in november 2009 after five seasons. although weis led his team to two bowl championship series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by notre dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. the football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.

what notable football player played at notre dame from 1916 to 1920?

{'text': array(['george gipp'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([0], dtype=int32)}

george gipp

football gameday traditions during home games, activities occur all around campus and different dorms decorate their halls with a traditional item (e.g. zahm house's two-story banner). traditional activities begin at the stroke of midnight with the drummers' circle. this tradition involves the drum line of the band of the fighting irish and ushers in the rest of the festivities that will continue the rest of the gameday saturday. later that day, the trumpet section will play the notre dame victory march and the notre dame alma mater under the dome. the band entire will play a concert at the steps of bond hall, from where they will march into notre dame stadium, leading fans and students alike across campus to the game.

what is displayed at zahm house for football home games at notre dame?

{'text': array(['two-story banner'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([166], dtype=int32)}

two-story banner

the men's basketball team has over 1,600 wins, one of only 12 schools who have reached that mark, and have appeared in 28 ncaa tournaments. former player austin carr holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the tournament with 61. although the team has never won the ncaa tournament, they were named by the helms athletic foundation as national champions twice. the team has orchestrated a number of upsets of number one ranked teams, the most notable of which was ending ucla's record 88-game winning streak in 1974. the team has beaten an additional eight number-one teams, and those nine wins rank second, to ucla's 10, all-time in wins against the top team. the team plays in newly renovated purcell pavilion (within the edmund p. joyce center), which reopened for the beginning of the 2009–2010 season. the team is coached by mike brey, who, as of the 2014–15 season, his fifteenth at notre dame, has achieved a 332-165 record. in 2009 they were invited to the nit, where they advanced to the semifinals but were beaten by penn state who went on and beat baylor in the championship. the 2010–11 team concluded its regular season ranked number seven in the country, with a record of 25–5, brey's fifth straight 20-win season, and a second-place finish in the big east. during the 2014-15 season, the team went 32-6 and won the acc conference tournament, later advancing to the elite 8, where the fighting irish lost on a missed buzzer-beater against then undefeated kentucky. led by nba draft picks jerian grant and pat connaughton, the fighting irish beat the eventual national champion duke blue devils twice during the season. the 32 wins were the most by the fighting irish team since 1908-09.

how many wins does the notre dame men's basketball team have?

{'text': array(['over 1,600'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([30], dtype=int32)}

over 1,600

the "notre dame victory march" is the fight song for the university of notre dame. it was written by two brothers who were notre dame graduates. the rev. michael j. shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, john f. shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. the lyrics were revised in the 1920s; it first appeared under the copyright of the university of notre dame in 1928. the chorus is, "cheer cheer for old notre dame, wake up the echos cheering her name. send a volley cheer on high, shake down the thunder from the sky! what though the odds be great or small, old notre dame will win over all. while her loyal sons are marching, onward to victory!"

who wrote the original lyrics to the notre dame victory march?

{'text': array(['john f. shea'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([222], dtype=int32)}

john f. shea

in the film knute rockne, all american, knute rockne (played by pat o'brien) delivers the famous "win one for the gipper" speech, at which point the background music swells with the "notre dame victory march". george gipp was played by ronald reagan, whose nickname "the gipper" was derived from this role. this scene was parodied in the movie airplane! with the same background music, only this time honoring george zipp, one of ted striker's former comrades. the song also was prominent in the movie rudy, with sean astin as daniel "rudy" ruettiger, who harbored dreams of playing football at the university of notre dame despite significant obstacles.

ronald reagan had a nickname, what was it?

{'text': array(['the gipper'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([267], dtype=int32)}

the gipper

notre dame alumni work in various fields. alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the united states congress, and former united states secretary of state condoleezza rice. a notable alumnus of the college of science is medicine nobel prize winner eric f. wieschaus. a number of university heads are alumni, including notre dame's current president, the rev. john jenkins. additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts regis philbin and phil donahue, and television and radio personalities such as mike golic and hannah storm. with the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as joe theismann, joe montana, tim brown, ross browner, rocket ismail, ruth riley, jeff samardzija, jerome bettis, brett lebda, olympic gold medalist mariel zagunis, professional boxer mike lee, former football coaches such as charlie weis, frank leahy and knute rockne, and basketball hall of famers austin carr and adrian dantley. other notable alumni include prominent businessman edward j. debartolo, jr. and astronaut jim wetherbee.

which secretary of state attended notre dame?

{'text': array(['condoleezza rice'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([185], dtype=int32)}

condoleezza rice

beyoncé giselle knowles-carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-yon-say) (born september 4, 1981) is an american singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. born and raised in houston, texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of r&b girl-group destiny's child. managed by her father, mathew knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. their hiatus saw the release of beyoncé's debut album, dangerously in love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five grammy awards and featured the billboard hot 100 number-one singles "crazy in love" and "baby boy".

when did beyonce start becoming popular?

{'text': array(['in the late 1990s'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([269], dtype=int32)}

in the late 1990s

following the disbandment of destiny's child in june 2005, she released her second solo album, b'day (2006), which contained hits "déjà vu", "irreplaceable", and "beautiful liar". beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a golden globe-nominated performance in dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in the pink panther (2006) and obsessed (2009). her marriage to rapper jay z and portrayal of etta james in cadillac records (2008) influenced her third album, i am... sasha fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego sasha fierce and earned a record-setting six grammy awards in 2010, including song of the year for "single ladies (put a ring on it)". beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.

after her second solo album, what other entertainment venture did beyonce explore?

{'text': array(['acting'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([207], dtype=int32)}

acting

a self-described "modern-day feminist", beyoncé creates songs that are often characterized by themes of love, relationships, and monogamy, as well as female sexuality and empowerment. on stage, her dynamic, highly choreographed performances have led to critics hailing her as one of the best entertainers in contemporary popular music. throughout a career spanning 19 years, she has sold over 118 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with destiny's child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. she has won 20 grammy awards and is the most nominated woman in the award's history. the recording industry association of america recognized her as the top certified artist in america during the 2000s decade. in 2009, billboard named her the top radio songs artist of the decade, the top female artist of the 2000s and their artist of the millennium in 2011. time listed her among the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and 2014. forbes magazine also listed her as the most powerful female musician of 2015.

in her music, what are some recurring elements in them?

{'text': array(['love, relationships, and monogamy'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([104], dtype=int32)}

love, relationships, and monogamy

beyoncé attended st. mary's elementary school in fredericksburg, texas, where she enrolled in dance classes. her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor darlette johnson began humming a song and she finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. beyoncé's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing john lennon's "imagine" to beat 15/16-year-olds. in fall of 1990, beyoncé enrolled in parker elementary school, a music magnet school in houston, where she would perform with the school's choir. she also attended the high school for the performing and visual arts and later alief elsik high school. beyoncé was also a member of the choir at st. john's united methodist church as a soloist for two years.

what town did beyonce go to school in?

{'text': array(['fredericksburg'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([49], dtype=int32)}

fredericksburg

at age eight, beyoncé and childhood friend kelly rowland met latavia roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. they were placed into a group with three other girls as girl's tyme, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in houston. after seeing the group, r&b producer arne frager brought them to his northern california studio and placed them in star search, the largest talent show on national tv at the time. girl's tyme failed to win, and beyoncé later said the song they performed was not good. in 1995 beyoncé's father resigned from his job to manage the group. the move reduced beyoncé's family's income by half, and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments. mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established r&b girl groups. the girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to elektra records, moving to atlanta records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company. this put further strain on the family, and beyoncé's parents separated. on october 5, 1995, dwayne wiggins's grass roots entertainment signed the group. in 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with sony music, the knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with columbia records.

who decided to place beyonce's group in star search the talent show?

{'text': array(['arne frager'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([303], dtype=int32)}

arne frager

the group changed their name to destiny's child in 1996, based upon a passage in the book of isaiah. in 1997, destiny's child released their major label debut song "killing time" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, men in black. the following year, the group released their self-titled debut album, scoring their first major hit "no, no, no". the album established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group three soul train lady of soul awards for best r&b/soul album of the year, best r&b/soul or rap new artist, and best r&b/soul single for "no, no, no". the group released their multi-platinum second album the writing's on the wall in 1999. the record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as "bills, bills, bills", the group's first number-one single, "jumpin' jumpin'" and "say my name", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. "say my name" won the best r&b performance by a duo or group with vocals and the best r&b song at the 43rd annual grammy awards. the writing's on the wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide. during this time, beyoncé recorded a duet with marc nelson, an original member of boyz ii men, on the song "after all is said and done" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, the best man.

which film featured destiny's child's first major single?

{'text': array(['men in black'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([215], dtype=int32)}

men in black

letoya luckett and roberson became unhappy with mathew's managing of the band and eventually were replaced by farrah franklin and michelle williams. beyoncé experienced depression following the split with luckett and roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics, and blogs for its cause. her long-standing boyfriend left her at this time. the depression was so severe it lasted for a couple of years, during which she occasionally kept herself in her bedroom for days and refused to eat anything. beyoncé stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because destiny's child had just won their first grammy award and she feared no one would take her seriously. beyoncé would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it. franklin was dismissed, leaving just beyoncé, rowland, and williams.

what mental health issue did beyonce go through?

{'text': array(['depression'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([169], dtype=int32)}

depression

the remaining band members recorded "independent women part i", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, charlie's angels. it became their best-charting single, topping the u.s. billboard hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks. in early 2001, while destiny's child was completing their third album, beyoncé landed a major role in the mtv made-for-television film, carmen: a hip hopera, starring alongside american actor mekhi phifer. set in philadelphia, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th century opera carmen by french composer georges bizet. when the third album survivor was released in may 2001, luckett and roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them. the album debuted at number one on the u.s. billboard 200, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold. the album spawned other number-one hits, "bootylicious" and the title track, "survivor", the latter of which earned the group a grammy award for best r&b performance by a duo or group with vocals. after releasing their holiday album 8 days of christmas in october 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers.

"charlie's angels" featured which single from the band members?

{'text': array(['independent women part i'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([37], dtype=int32)}

independent women part i

in july 2002, beyoncé continued her acting career playing foxxy cleopatra alongside mike myers in the comedy film, austin powers in goldmember, which spent its first weekend atop the us box office and grossed $73 million. beyoncé released "work it out" as the lead single from its soundtrack album which entered the top ten in the uk, norway, and belgium. in 2003, beyoncé starred opposite cuba gooding, jr., in the musical comedy the fighting temptations as lilly, a single mother whom gooding's character falls in love with. the film received mixed reviews from critics but grossed $30 million in the u.s. beyoncé released "fighting temptation" as the lead single from the film's soundtrack album, with missy elliott, mc lyte, and free which was also used to promote the film. another of beyoncé's contributions to the soundtrack, "summertime", fared better on the us charts.

who did beyonce star with in the movie, "austin powers in goldmember"?

{'text': array(['mike myers'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([84], dtype=int32)}

mike myers

beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on jay z's "'03 bonnie & clyde" that was released in october 2002, peaking at number four on the u.s. billboard hot 100 chart. her first solo album dangerously in love was released on june 24, 2003, after michelle williams and kelly rowland had released their solo efforts. the album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. the album's lead single, "crazy in love", featuring jay z, became beyoncé's first number-one single as a solo artist in the us. the single "baby boy" also reached number one, and singles, "me, myself and i" and "naughty girl", both reached the top-five. the album earned beyoncé a then record-tying five awards at the 46th annual grammy awards; best contemporary r&b album, best female r&b vocal performance for "dangerously in love 2", best r&b song and best rap/sung collaboration for "crazy in love", and best r&b performance by a duo or group with vocals for "the closer i get to you" with luther vandross.

what was the highest beyonce's first solo recording achieved in the billboard hot 100?

{'text': array(['number four'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([123], dtype=int32)}

number four

in november 2003, she embarked on the dangerously in love tour in europe and later toured alongside missy elliott and alicia keys for the verizon ladies first tour in north america. on february 1, 2004, beyoncé performed the american national anthem at super bowl xxxviii, at the reliant stadium in houston, texas. after the release of dangerously in love, beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. however, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording destiny fulfilled, the final studio album by destiny's child. released on november 15, 2004, in the us and peaking at number two on the billboard 200, destiny fulfilled included the singles "lose my breath" and "soldier", which reached the top five on the billboard hot 100 chart. destiny's child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, destiny fulfilled... and lovin' it and during the last stop of their european tour, in barcelona on june 11, 2005, rowland announced that destiny's child would disband following the north american leg of the tour. the group released their first compilation album number 1's on october 25, 2005, in the us and accepted a star on the hollywood walk of fame in march 2006.

destiny's child's final album was named what?

{'text': array(['destiny fulfilled'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([513], dtype=int32)}

destiny fulfilled

beyoncé's second solo album b'day was released on september 5, 2006, in the us, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. it sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the billboard 200, becoming beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the united states. the album's lead single "déjà vu", featuring jay z, reached the top five on the billboard hot 100 chart. the second international single "irreplaceable" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in australia, hungary, ireland, new zealand and the united states. b'day also produced three other singles; "ring the alarm", "get me bodied", and "green light" (released in the united kingdom only).

how many albums did beyonce sell in the first week when she released her second album?

{'text': array(['541,000'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([132], dtype=int32)}

541,000

her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film the pink panther starring opposite steve martin, grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide. her second film dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 broadway musical loosely based on the supremes, received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally. in it, she starred opposite jennifer hudson, jamie foxx, and eddie murphy playing a pop singer based on diana ross. to promote the film, beyoncé released "listen" as the lead single from the soundtrack album. in april 2007, beyoncé embarked on the beyoncé experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues and grossed over $24 million.[note 1] beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at st. john's and america's second harvest. at the same time, b'day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with shakira "beautiful liar".

what movie did beyonce act in 2006?

{'text': array(['the pink panther'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([53], dtype=int32)}

the pink panther

on april 4, 2008, beyoncé married jay z. she publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album, i am... sasha fierce, in manhattan's sony club on october 22, 2008. i am... sasha fierce was released on november 18, 2008 in the united states. the album formally introduces beyoncé's alter ego sasha fierce, conceived during the making of her 2003 single "crazy in love", selling 482,000 copies in its first week, debuting atop the billboard 200, and giving beyoncé her third consecutive number-one album in the us. the album featured the number-one song "single ladies (put a ring on it)" and the top-five songs "if i were a boy" and "halo". achieving the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running hot 100 single in her career, "halo"'s success in the us helped beyoncé attain more top-ten singles on the list than any other woman during the 2000s. it also included the successful "sweet dreams", and singles "diva", "ego", "broken-hearted girl" and "video phone". the music video for "single ladies" has been parodied and imitated around the world, spawning the "first major dance craze" of the internet age according to the toronto star. the video has won several awards, including best video at the 2009 mtv europe music awards, the 2009 scottish mobo awards, and the 2009 bet awards. at the 2009 mtv video music awards, the video was nominated for nine awards, ultimately winning three including video of the year. its failure to win the best female video category, which went to american country pop singer taylor swift's "you belong with me", led to kanye west interrupting the ceremony and beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of swift's award during her own acceptance speech. in march 2009, beyoncé embarked on the i am... world tour, her second headlining worldwide concert tour, consisting of 108 shows, grossing $119.5 million.

beyonce got married in 2008 to whom?

{'text': array(['jay z'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([34], dtype=int32)}

jay z

beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer etta james in the 2008 musical biopic, cadillac records. her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of james, including a satellite award nomination for best supporting actress, and a naacp image award nomination for outstanding supporting actress. beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to phoenix house, an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country. on january 20, 2009, beyoncé performed james' "at last" at the first couple's first inaugural ball. beyoncé starred opposite ali larter and idris elba in the thriller, obsessed. she played sharon charles, a mother and wife who learns of a woman's obsessive behavior over her husband. although the film received negative reviews from critics, the movie did well at the us box office, grossing $68 million—$60 million more than cadillac records—on a budget of $20 million. the fight scene finale between sharon and the character played by ali larter also won the 2010 mtv movie award for best fight.

beyonce portrayed which character in the film, cadillac records?

{'text': array(['etta james'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([69], dtype=int32)}

etta james

at the 52nd annual grammy awards, beyoncé received ten nominations, including album of the year for i am... sasha fierce, record of the year for "halo", and song of the year for "single ladies (put a ring on it)", among others. she tied with lauryn hill for most grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. in 2010, beyoncé was featured on lady gaga's single "telephone" and its music video. the song topped the us pop songs chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both beyoncé and gaga, tying them with mariah carey for most number-ones since the nielsen top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992. "telephone" received a grammy award nomination for best pop collaboration with vocals.

how many awards was beyonce nominated for at the 52nd grammy awards?

{'text': array(['ten'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([51], dtype=int32)}

ten

beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in january 2010, heeding her mother's advice, "to live life, to be inspired by things again". during the break she and her father parted ways as business partners. beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple european cities, the great wall of china, the egyptian pyramids, australia, english music festivals and various museums and ballet performances.

beyonce would take a break from music in which year?

{'text': array(['2010'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([60], dtype=int32)}

2010

in 2011, documents obtained by wikileaks revealed that beyoncé was one of many entertainers who performed for the family of libyan ruler muammar gaddafi. rolling stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for beyoncé later confirmed to the huffington post that she donated the money to the clinton bush haiti fund. later that year she became the first solo female artist to headline the main pyramid stage at the 2011 glastonbury festival in over twenty years, and was named the highest-paid performer in the world per minute.

in which year was reports about beyonce performing for muammar gaddafi surface?

{'text': array(['2011'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([3], dtype=int32)}

2011

her fourth studio album 4 was released on june 28, 2011 in the us. 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the billboard 200 chart, giving beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the us. the album was preceded by two of its singles "run the world (girls)" and "best thing i never had", which both attained moderate success. the fourth single "love on top" was a commercial success in the us. 4 also produced four other singles; "party", "countdown", "i care" and "end of time". "eat, play, love", a cover story written by beyoncé for essence that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the new york association of black journalists. in late 2011, she took the stage at new york's roseland ballroom for four nights of special performances: the 4 intimate nights with beyoncé concerts saw the performance of her 4 album to a standing room only.

beyonce's fourth album debuted in what year?

{'text': array(['2011'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([51], dtype=int32)}

2011

on january 7, 2012, beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, blue ivy carter, at lenox hill hospital in new york. five months later, she performed for four nights at revel atlantic city's ovation hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to blue ivy.

when did beyonce have her first child?

{'text': array(['january 7, 2012'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([3], dtype=int32)}

january 7, 2012

in january 2013, destiny's child released love songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "nuclear". beyoncé performed the american national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at president obama's second inauguration in washington, d.c. the following month, beyoncé performed at the super bowl xlvii halftime show, held at the mercedes-benz superdome in new orleans. the performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. at the 55th annual grammy awards, beyoncé won for best traditional r&b performance for "love on top". her feature-length documentary film, life is but a dream, first aired on hbo on february 16, 2013. the film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following blue ivy's birth. its dvd release in november 2013 was accompanied by footage from the revel presents: beyoncé live concerts and a new song, "god made you beautiful". in february 2013, beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with warner/chappell music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album.

destiny's child released a compilation album about which topic?

{'text': array(['romance'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([81], dtype=int32)}

romance

beyoncé embarked on the mrs. carter show world tour on april 15 in belgrade, serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to march 2014. it became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time. in may, beyoncé's cover of amy winehouse's "back to black" with andré 3000 on the great gatsby soundtrack was released. she was also honorary chair of the 2013 met gala. beyoncé voiced queen tara in the 3d cgi animated film, epic, released by 20th century fox on may 24, and recorded an original song for the film, "rise up", co-written with sia.

how many dates did beyonce's "the mrs. carter show" entail?

{'text': array(['132'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([103], dtype=int32)}

132

on december 13, 2013, beyoncé unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the itunes store without any prior announcement or promotion. the album debuted atop the billboard 200 chart, giving beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album in the us. this made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one. beyoncé received critical acclaim and commercial success, selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days; the new york times noted the album's unconventional, unexpected release as significant. musically an electro-r&b album, it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work, such as "bulimia, postnatal depression [and] the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood". the single "drunk in love", featuring jay z, peaked at number two on the billboard hot 100 chart. in april 2014, after much speculation in the weeks before, beyoncé and jay z officially announced their on the run tour. it served as the couple's first co-headlining stadium tour together. on august 24, 2014, she received the video vanguard award at the 2014 mtv video music awards. knowles also took home three competitive awards: best video with a social message and best cinematography for "pretty hurts", as well as best collaboration for "drunk in love". in november, forbes reported that beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row—earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013. beyoncé was reissued with new material in three forms: as an extended play, a box set, as well as a full platinum edition.

where did beyonce release her 5th album to a huge surprise?

{'text': array(['the itunes store'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([88], dtype=int32)}

the itunes store

at the 57th annual grammy awards in february 2015, beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: best r&b performance and best r&b song for "drunk in love", and best surround sound album for beyoncé. she was nominated for album of the year but the award was won by beck for his morning phase album. in august, the cover of the september issue of vogue magazine was unveiled online, beyoncé as the cover star, becoming the first african-american artist and third african-american woman in general to cover the september issue. she headlined the 2015 made in america festival in early september and also the global citizen festival later that month. beyoncé made an uncredited featured appearance on the track "hymn for the weekend" by british rock band coldplay, on their seventh studio album a head full of dreams (2015), which saw release in december. on january 7, 2016, pepsi announced beyoncé would perform alongside coldplay at super bowl 50 in february. knowles has previously performed at four super bowl shows throughout her career, serving as the main headliner of the 47th super bowl halftime show in 2013.

how many awards did beyonce take home with her at the 57th grammy awards?

{'text': array(['three'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([108], dtype=int32)}

three

on february 6, 2016, one day before her performance at the super bowl, beyoncé released a new single exclusively on music streaming service tidal called "formation".

beyonce released the song "formation" on which online music service?

{'text': array(['tidal'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([140], dtype=int32)}

tidal

beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with jay z after a collaboration on "'03 bonnie & clyde", which appeared on his seventh album the blueprint 2: the gift & the curse (2002). beyoncé appeared as jay z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship. on april 4, 2008, beyoncé and jay z were married without publicity. as of april 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together. the couple are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as "the saddest thing" she had ever endured. she returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss. in april 2011, beyoncé and jay z traveled to paris in order to shoot the album cover for her 4, and unexpectedly became pregnant in paris.

as of april 2014, how many albums have jay z and beyonce sold together?

{'text': array(['300 million'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([447], dtype=int32)}

300 million

in august, the couple attended the 2011 mtv video music awards, at which beyoncé performed "love on top" and started the performance saying "tonight i want you to stand up on your feet, i want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me". at the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach, confirming her pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening. her appearance helped that year's mtv video music awards become the most-watched broadcast in mtv history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; the announcement was listed in guinness world records for "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" on twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and "beyonce pregnant" was the most googled term the week of august 29, 2011.

jay z and beyonce attended which event together in august of 2011?

{'text': array(['mtv video music awards'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([40], dtype=int32)}

mtv video music awards

on january 7, 2012, beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, blue ivy carter, at lenox hill hospital in new york under heavy security. two days later, jay z released "glory", a song dedicated to their child, on his website lifeandtimes.com. the song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage beyoncé suffered before becoming pregnant with blue ivy. blue ivy's cries are included at the end of the song, and she was officially credited as "b.i.c." on it. at two days old, she became the youngest person ever to appear on a billboard chart when "glory" debuted on the hot r&b/hip-hop songs chart.

jay z has a website called what?

{'text': array(['lifeandtimes.com'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([216], dtype=int32)}

lifeandtimes.com

beyoncé and husband jay z are friends with president barack obama and first lady michelle obama. she performed "america the beautiful" at the 2009 presidential inauguration, as well as "at last" during the first inaugural dance at the neighborhood ball two days later. beyoncé and jay z held a fundraiser at the latter's 40/40 club in manhattan for obama's 2012 presidential campaign which raised $4 million. beyoncé uploaded pictures of her paper ballot on tumblr, confirming she had voted in support for the democratic party and to encourage others to do so. she also performed the american national anthem at his second inauguration, singing along with a pre-recorded track. she publicly endorsed same sex marriage on march 26, 2013, after the supreme court debate on california's proposition 8. in july 2013, beyoncé and jay-z attended a rally in response to the acquittal of george zimmerman for the shooting of trayvon martin.

beyonce and jay-z went to a rally for the acquittal of whom?

{'text': array(['george zimmerman'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([880], dtype=int32)}

george zimmerman

in an interview published by vogue in april 2013, beyoncé was asked if she considers herself a feminist, to which she said, "that word can be very extreme... but i guess i am a modern-day feminist. i do believe in equality". she would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling "we should all be feminists", a speech delivered by nigerian author chimamanda ngozi adichie at a tedxeuston conference in april 2013, in her song "flawless", released later that year. she has also contributed to the ban bossy campaign, which uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls.

beyonce did an interview with which magazine and was asked about feminism?

{'text': array(['vogue'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([29], dtype=int32)}

vogue

in 2015 beyoncé signed an open letter which the one campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to angela merkel and nkosazana dlamini-zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the g7 in germany and the au in south africa respectively, which will start to set the priorities in development funding before a main un summit in september 2015 that will establish new development goals for the generation.

beyonce signed a letter with who in 2015?

{'text': array(['the one campaign'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([44], dtype=int32)}

the one campaign

following the death of freddie gray, beyoncé and jay-z, among other notable figures, met with his family. after the imprisonment of protesters of gray's death, beyoncé and jay-z donated thousands of dollars to bail them out.

beyonce along with jay z met with whom's family after their death?

{'text': array(['freddie gray'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([23], dtype=int32)}

freddie gray

forbes magazine began reporting on beyoncé's earnings in 2008, calculating that the $80 million earned between june 2007 to june 2008, for her music, tour, films and clothing line made her the world's best-paid music personality at the time, above madonna and celine dion. they placed her fourth on the celebrity 100 list in 2009 and ninth on the "most powerful women in the world" list in 2010. the following year, forbes placed her eighth on the "best-paid celebrities under 30" list, having earned $35 million in the past year for her clothing line and endorsement deals. in 2012, forbes placed beyoncé at number 16 on the celebrity 100 list, twelve places lower than three years ago yet still having earned $40 million in the past year for her album 4, clothing line and endorsement deals. in the same year, beyoncé and jay z placed at number one on the "world's highest-paid celebrity couples", for collectively earning $78 million. the couple made it into the previous year's guinness world records as the "highest-earning power couple" for collectively earning $122 million in 2009. for the years 2009 to 2011, beyoncé earned an average of $70 million per year, and earned $40 million in 2012. in 2013, beyoncé's endorsements of pepsi and h&m made her and jay z the world's first billion dollar couple in the music industry. that year, beyoncé was published as the fourth most-powerful celebrity in the forbes rankings. mtv estimated that by the end of 2014, beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history; she succeeded to do so in april 2014. in june 2014, beyoncé ranked at #1 on the forbes celebrity 100 list, earning an estimated $115 million throughout june 2013 – june 2014. this in turn was the first time she had topped the celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date. as of may 2015, her net worth is estimated to be $250 million.

beyonce beat out which musical artists for most paid between june 2007 and june 2008?

{'text': array(['madonna and celine dion'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([248], dtype=int32)}

madonna and celine dion

beyoncé's vocal range spans four octaves. jody rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music". while another critic says she is a "vocal acrobat, being able to sing long and complex melismas and vocal runs effortlessly, and in key. her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of destiny's child. the daily mail calls beyoncé's voice "versatile", capable of exploring power ballads, soul, rock belting, operatic flourishes, and hip hop. jon pareles of the new york times commented that her voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting". rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced beyoncé's strange rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto. other critics praise her range and power, with chris richards of the washington post saying she was "capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars."

beyonce's range in singing is how many octaves?

{'text': array(['four'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([28], dtype=int32)}

four

beyoncé's music is generally r&b, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs. 4 demonstrated beyoncé's exploration of 90s-style r&b, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases. while she almost exclusively releases english songs, beyoncé recorded several spanish songs for irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from b'day for a spanish-language audience), and the re-release of b'day. to record these, beyoncé was coached phonetically by american record producer rudy perez.

music from beyonce is generally categorized as what genre?

{'text': array(['r&b'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([29], dtype=int32)}

r&b

she has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with destiny's child and her solo efforts. her early songs were personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions like "independent women" and "survivor", but after the start of her relationship with jay z she transitioned to more man-tending anthems such as "cater 2 u". beyoncé has also received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved, especially during her solo efforts. however, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers.

beyonce does not create which aspect of her music?

{'text': array(['beats'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([521], dtype=int32)}

beats

in 2001, she became the first african-american woman and second woman songwriter to win the pop songwriter of the year award at the american society of composers, authors, and publishers pop music awards. beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs ("irreplaceable", "grillz" and "check on it") in the same year, after carole king in 1971 and mariah carey in 1991. she is tied with american songwriter diane warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles. (the latter wrote her 9/11-motivated song "i was here" for 4.) in may 2011, billboard magazine listed beyoncé at number 17 on their list of the "top 20 hot 100 songwriters", for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the billboard hot 100 chart. she was one of only three women on that list.

pop songwriter of the year award in 2001 was awarded to whom?

{'text': array(['beyoncé'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([205], dtype=int32)}

beyoncé

beyoncé names michael jackson as her major musical influence. aged five, beyoncé attended her first ever concert where jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose. when she presented him with a tribute award at the world music awards in 2006, beyoncé said, "if it wasn't for michael jackson, i would never ever have performed." she admires diana ross as an "all-around entertainer" and whitney houston, who she said "inspired me to get up there and do what she did." she credits mariah carey's singing and her song "vision of love" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. her other musical influences include aaliyah, prince, lauryn hill, sade adu, donna summer, mary j. blige, janet jackson, anita baker and rachelle ferrell.

to whom did beyonce credit as her major influence on her music?

{'text': array(['michael jackson'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([14], dtype=int32)}

michael jackson

the feminism and female empowerment themes on beyoncé's second solo album b'day were inspired by her role in dreamgirls and by singer josephine baker. beyoncé paid homage to baker by performing "déjà vu" at the 2006 fashion rocks concert wearing baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas. beyoncé's third solo album i am... sasha fierce was inspired by jay z and especially by etta james, whose "boldness" inspired beyoncé to explore other musical genres and styles. her fourth solo album, 4, was inspired by fela kuti, 1990s r&b, earth, wind & fire, debarge, lionel richie, teena marie with additional influences by the jackson 5, new edition, adele, florence and the machine, and prince.

what themes were influenced by her acting role in dreamgirls?

{'text': array(['feminism and female empowerment'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([4], dtype=int32)}

feminism and female empowerment

beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by us first lady michelle obama, saying "she proves you can do it all" and she has described oprah winfrey as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman". she has also discussed how jay z is a continuing inspiration to her, both with what she describes as his lyrical genius and in the obstacles he has overcome in his life. beyoncé has expressed admiration for the artist jean-michel basquiat, posting in a letter "what i find in the work of jean-michel basquiat, i search for in every day in music... he is lyrical and raw". in february 2013, beyoncé said that madonna inspired her to take control of her own career. she commented: "i think about madonna and how she took all of the great things she achieved and started the label and developed other artists. but there are not enough of those women.".

beyonce has noted which first lady with saying "she proves you can do it all"?

{'text': array(['michelle obama'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([68], dtype=int32)}

michelle obama

in 2006, beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band suga mama (also the name of a song in b'day) which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists. her background singers, the mamas, consist of montina cooper-donnell, crystal collins and tiffany moniqué riddick. they made their debut appearance at the 2006 bet awards and re-appeared in the music videos for "irreplaceable" and "green light". the band have supported beyoncé in most subsequent live performances, including her 2007 concert tour the beyoncé experience, 2009–2010 i am... world tour and 2013–2014 the mrs. carter show world tour.

beyonce had an all-female tour band whose name was what?

{'text': array(['suga mama'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([53], dtype=int32)}

suga mama

beyoncé has received praise for her stage presence and voice during live performances. jarett wieselman of the new york post placed her at number one on her list of the five best singer/dancers. according to barbara ellen of the guardian beyoncé is the most in-charge female artist she's seen onstage, while alice jones of the independent wrote she "takes her role as entertainer so seriously she's almost too good." the ex-president of def jam l.a. reid has described beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive. jim farber of the daily news and stephanie classen of star phoenix both praised her strong voice and her stage presence.

what characteristics has beyonce received acclaim for?

{'text': array(['stage presence and voice'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([36], dtype=int32)}

stage presence and voice

described as being "sexy, seductive and provocative" when performing on stage, beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego "sasha fierce" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. she described sasha as being "too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy", stating, "i'm not like her in real life at all." sasha was conceived during the making of "crazy in love", and beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album i am... sasha fierce. in february 2010, she announced in an interview with allure magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need sasha fierce. however, beyoncé announced in may 2012 that she would bring her back for her revel presents: beyoncé live shows later that month.

beyonce self proclaimed alter ego is named what?

{'text': array(['sasha fierce'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([139], dtype=int32)}

sasha fierce

beyoncé has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist touré writing that since the release of dangerously in love, she has "become a crossover sex symbol". offstage beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s, the media often used the term "bootylicious" (a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious) to describe beyoncé, the term popularized by destiny's child's single of the same name. in 2006, it was added to the oxford english dictionary.

beyonce's sex appeal is characterized as what?

{'text': array(['wide-ranging'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([41], dtype=int32)}

wide-ranging

in september 2010, beyoncé made her runway modelling debut at tom ford's spring/summer 2011 fashion show. she was named "world's most beautiful woman" by people and the "hottest female singer of all time" by complex in 2012. in january 2013, gq placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 sexiest women of the 21st century" list. vh1 listed her at number 1 on its 100 sexiest artists list. several wax figures of beyoncé are found at madame tussauds wax museums in major cities around the world, including new york, washington, d.c., amsterdam, bangkok, hollywood and sydney.

in september 2010, what career area did beyonce start exploring?

{'text': array(['modelling'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([43], dtype=int32)}

modelling

according to italian fashion designer roberto cavalli, beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing. her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled destiny's style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success. the b'day anthology video album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles. in 2007, beyoncé was featured on the cover of the sports illustrated swimsuit issue, becoming the second african american woman after tyra banks, and people magazine recognized beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity.

which parent of beyonce's help co-write a book?

{'text': array(['her mother'], dtype=object), 'answer_start': array([134], dtype=int32)}

her mother