# document

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"Total KSh to 2030  Total KSh for next five years (4596 \u2013 5815 USD equivalent)  billion  Source: GoK NCCAP Mitigation Analysis 2012\f  REFERENCES Brown S., Grais A., Ambagis S., and Pearson T. 2012. Baseline GHG Emissions from the Agricultural Sectorand Mitigation Potential in Countries of East and West Africa. CCAFS Working Paper no. 13. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Kenya Forest Service (2013). Report on National Forest Resource Mapping and Capacity Development for the Republic of Kenya: Volume 2."


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"Total KSh to 2030  Total KSh for next five years (4596 \u2013 5815 USD equivalent)  billion  Source: GoK NCCAP Mitigation Analysis 2012 REFERENCES Brown S., Grais A., Ambagis S., and Pearson T. 2012. Baseline GHG Emissions from the Agricultural Sectorand Mitigation Potential in Countries of East and West Africa. CCAFS Working Paper no. 13. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Kenya Forest Service (2013). Report on National Forest Resource Mapping and Capacity Development for the Republic of Kenya: Volume 2."


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"Total KSh to 2030 Total KSh for next five years (4596 \u2013 5815 USD equivalent) billion\fKenya s ACCI-MoA/GIZ\fKenya s 7. Financing Implementation of the Action Plan The realisation of the bold ambitions identified in this Action Plan will require substantial financial resources. To be successful, Kenya will need to access resources from both public and private sources and from both within Kenya and overseas. This chapter summarises the analysis and recommended actions on financing the Action Plan."


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"Total installed electricity capacity stood at 2,334 megawatts (MW) in 2015.6 About 65% of electricity was generated locally using renewable energy sources (hydropower 35.9%, geothermal 25.9%, cogeneration from bagasse 1.7%, wind 1.1% and solar 0.08%) while approximately 35% was generated using fossil fuels in the form of diesel plants.7 Recently discovered coal resources are expected to play an important part in Kenya\u2019s long-term electricity sector planning as set out in the Power Generation and Transmission Master Plan 2015-2035."


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"Tourism Develop and implement action plans to build resilience of vulnerable tourism areas to climate change and variability. Identify and replicate sustainable tourism projects with full involvement of and distribution of equitable benefits to local communities. Develop and disseminate guidelines on resource efficiency for the operation of existing tourism facilities and the design standards for new ones."


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"Tourism and shipping are the highest contributors to the coastal economy, while small scale \ufb01shing contributes 95 per cent of the total marine catch. Rising sea levels will lead to damage and destruction of infrastructure including ship docking ports and industries located in the coast. Increasing population and expansion of urban developments are likely to compound these problems."


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"Tourism is a highly climate-sensitive industry because climate change affects a wide range of the environmental resources that are critical attractions for tourists, such as wildlife and biodiversity. Climate change also has an important influence on environmental conditions and incidents that can deter tourists, such as very high temperatures, infectious disease, wildfires, increased wildlife mortality, and insects and waterborne pests. A low carbon climate resilient pathway can help to ensure long-term sustainable growth of the tourism industry."


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"Tourism, an important source of foreign exchange earnings, depends on a wide range of environmental resources, such as the abundance and diversity of wildlife, which will be impacted by climate change. The low carbon analysis detailed in Chapter 6 determined that Kenya\u2019s GHG emissions are expected to rise, consistent with a growing population and expanding economy, with emissions increasing from 59 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) in 2010 to 102 MtCO2e in 2030 (see Figure 4.1)."


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"Track 1 entails assessing the capacity of institutions to undertake effective climate risk management actions (also called top-down), while Track 2 assesses impacts of interventions aimed at reducing vulnerability and the extent to which such interventions keep development on track (development performance or bottom-up). As a result 10 top-down county level institutional adaptive capacity indicators and 10 bottom-up vulnerability indicators37 were chosen based on adaptation relevant development activities that had been screened from the sector plans and programmes during the NCCAP process."


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"Tracking of support required and received for climate action by all actors in Kenya (both state and non-state) is done by the National  Treasury.  5. Fairness and ambition  Kenya believes that the key factors in determining the fairness of a contribution should include historical responsibility and respective capability to address climate change."


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"Traffic congestion in Nairobi and other cities and major towns, especially during peak hours, contributes to GHG emissions through the use of more fossil fuel and increases local air pollution, which has serious health implications. 4.2.6 Industrial processing in Kenya, though a relatively small contributor to GHG emissions, offers mitigation potential. A main source of emissions in this sector is the release of emissions from the cement manufacturing and charcoal production."


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"Trained county-level disaster management officers can also help to ensure a timely and effective response. Actions should also address current and anticipated levels of water scarcity, including implementing the Water Sector Investment Plan for 2008 to 2030 and Water Catchment Management Initiative. Climate-proofed infrastructure development in the ASALs, investment in sustainable livelihoods that are adaptive to climate change (such as crop farming with drought resistant seeds, dryland forestry and community-based livestock systems), and education programmes are priority elements of a climate resilient pathway."


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"Training at community level is necessary to ensure that various communities are aware of climate change and can use climate data and information acquired through systematic observations. Some ways of raising public awareness include: \u2022\ufffd establishing a National Climate Change Awareness campaign."


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"Training institutions dealing with climate smart agriculture include the universities and middle level colleges such as Kenya Water Institute, Bukura  Agricultural College, Kenya School of Agriculture, Dairy Training Institute, Kenya Forestry College, Public and Private Agricultural Training Centres, Kenya Institute of Organic Farming; Kenya Meat Training Institute and the Animal Husbandry and Industry Training Institutes. e) National Oceans and Fisheries Policy (2008) The National Oceans and Fisheries Policy (2008) proposes ecosystem-based sustainable exploitation of fishery resources conservation and management."


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"Training of more technicians at subsidised rates leading to more specialised manpower and in turn better service delivery and low cost  Limited  human skills Development of human skill involving capacity building for both farmers and technicians  Lack of information and awareness on technology Enhancement of information and awareness will promote use of drip irrigation and reduce social and cultural barriers and enhance community participation. Roof rain water harvesting, and High initial cost of installation Establishment of appropriate financial mechanisms to facilitate provision of affordable loans."


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"Transitional provision.  Regulations.  Cap. 2. No. 23 of 2013.\f2016 Climate Change SCHEDULE (s. 4(2)(\u00a3)) PROVISIONS ON PUBLIC CONSULTATION  1."


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"Transitioning to this pathway means taking actions, where possible, to encourage GHG emissions that are lower than business-as-usual practice; and reducing the human causes of emissions by moving toward a resource efficient economy that is as low-carbon as possible and enhancing carbon sinks.  Mitigation In the context of climate change, a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases."


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"Transport services are poorly integrated, overburdened and inaccessible to many Kenyans. About half of all trips in Nairobi are accounted for by walkers and bicycle riders (non-motorized transport [NMT]), and the private car accounts for about 15% of all trips.2 Traffic conditions in Nairobi and other major cities are characterised by congested and unsafe roadways that contribute to local air pollution and significant economic losses as much time and fuel is spent in traffic congestion."


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"Transportation! Electricity!Generation! Industrial!Processes! Agriculture! Waste! LULUCF! TOTAL   The second step is to consider new information available on the drivers of future emissions (in this case 2016 to 2030). This data had an even greater impact on the emission projection.  New GDP growth forecasts by sector, new projections on electricity generation projects and new forecasts for urbanization impact the rate at which almost all emission sources grow over the period."


id: baecd81a6661b401a6c49036ac511873
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"Treasury has developed a draft climate finance policy aimed at positioning Kenya to access climate finance, and actions include tracking and inputting to market mechanisms emerging under the UNFCCC, and monitoring the voluntary market."


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"Trends in total CO2e emissions for each IPCC category for the complete time series 1995 to 2010 are shown in Figure 28 excluding the LULUCF sector.  Figure 29 identifies the emissions profile with the LULUCF sector."


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"Two speci\ufb01c recommendations stand out: 1) Establish an institutional framework and build capacity to coordinate and enhance mainstreaming at the sector level; and, 2) Put in place mechanisms linking climate change data and information with national and county planning processes. The Climate Change Act (2016)16 is much more speci\ufb01c in terms of institutional arrangements for climate change coordination, setting out the establishment of the institutions summarised in Figure 5 and described in section 2.4."


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"Two\ufffd layers\ufffd of\ufffd interventions\ufffd are\ufffd anticipated\ufffd in\ufffd the\ufffd Framework.\ufffdThe\ufffd first\ufffd layer\ufffd is\ufffd expected\ufffd to\ufffd address\ufffd climate smart issues in already planned and funded on-going projects/actions in sector ministries/county governments and private sector initiatives that need climate smarting/monitoring/tracking/learning. The second layer will involve development of new and/or additional actions in form of projects/programmes which address gaps and guides investors/development partners and which may require fund raising. The summary of action areas described will be a guide to achieve this."


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"UNDP Climate Change Country Profile: Kenya. New York: UNDP-National Communications Support Programme. 122 Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) (2009). The Economics of Climate Change in Kenya. DFID, DANIDA. 123 Downing, C., Preston, F., Parusheva, D., Horrocks, L., Edberg, O., Samazzi, F., Washington, R., Muteti, M., Watkiss, P. and Nyangena, W. (2008). Kenya: Climate Screening and Information Exchange. Final report. London: Department for International Development. 124 Mwango, F.K. (2000). Capacity Building in Integrated Water Resources project in IGAD Region. An IGAD publication. 125 Met Office. (2011)."


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"UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Kenya. Available:   UNEP. (2014). Green Economy Assessment Report \u2013 Kenya United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2005). Kenya\u2019s Climate Change Technology Needs and Needs Assessment Report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2002). Kenya\u2019s First National Communications under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change University of Oxford. Department of International Development. (2011). Country Briefing: Kenya \u2013 Multidimensional Poverty Index at a Glance."


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"UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Kenya. Available:   profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk/ [Accessed 22 April 2013] 12 Government of Kenya (GoK). Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (MEMR). (2013): National Water Master Plan 2030, Kenya, Government Printers 15 Government of Kenya (GoK). Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (MEMR). (2012). Kenya Climate Change Action Plan  - Adaptation Technical Analysis Report [Accessed 22 April 2014] 16 McSweeney, C., New, M. & Lizcano, G. 2010. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Kenya."


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created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:19
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"UNEP (2006).   Kenya: Integrated assessment of the Energy Policy With focus on the transport and household energy sectors.  United Nations Environmental Programme.  In conjunction with Ministry of Ministry for Planning and National Development.  UNEP (2012).  Carbon, biodiversity and ecosystem services: exploring co-benefits. Climate Change and Biodiversity Programme UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.  UNFCCC (2012).  Handbook on Building National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Systems.  Consultative Group of Experts on\f  National Communications from Parties not Included in Annex I to the Convention. US EPA (2011)."


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"UNEP. (2009). Kenya: Atlas of Our Changing Environment. Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA), United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP. (2015). Green Economy Sector Study on Agriculture in Kenya. United Nations Environment Programme. pp 34. WB. (2000). World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty."


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"UNIDO\u2019s role as a host organisation for the Cleaner Production (CP), which was created to foster environmentally sound production and consumption in developing countries, also makes it a suitable channel for transfer of technology. Kenya has an active Cleaner Production centre, the Kenya National Cleaner Production Centre (KNCPC)."


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"Ultimately choosing appropriate mitigation options to implement in the sector to achieve the target will require a careful balancing of priorities and may involve greater breadth in lieu of maximizing technical potential. Cookstoves will need to be addressed in a substantive way to achieve the recommended emission reduction target in the energy demand sector."


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"Uncertainty about future climatic conditions will persist, unless there is continued investment in seasonal forecasts and downscaled climate The common approach of representing uncertainty is to examine output from different climate models risks."


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"Under Subcomponent 4 of the NCCAP, a detailed technical analysis was undertaken to identify the main elements of a low-carbon development\f  pathway, recognising that the pathway needs to emphasise sustainable development and climate resilience co-benefits. This view was supported by stakeholders and experts through an extensive consultation and validation process."


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"Under the Bonn Challenge, Kenya has established a restoration target of 4,210,000 hectares by 2030, described in Table 5.1."


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"Under the fisheries sub-sector diminishing fish stocks are also cited as an impediment in realising the potential of the sector.71 The Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) (2011) report states that emerging concerns such as the effects of climate change mean that adaptation measures will need to be mainstreamed in the sector\u2019s programmes and projects."


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"Under the same emissions scenarios GCM projections suggest that there will be no cold days or nights by the 2090s.11  Precipitation Kenya\u2019s average annual precipitation is typically 680 mm, ranging from less than 250 mm in the northern ASALs areas to about 2,000 mm in the western region (Figure 7).12 The high rainfall zone, which receives more than 1,000 mm of annual rainfall is the productive agricultural land."


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"Underpinning the Draft NAP is a Risk Assessment Report (TR1), which builds on the review of impacts undertaken for the National Climate Change Response Strategy and provides a more comprehensive and systematic assessment of how climate change may exacerbate existing vulnerabilities.  The climate change impacts and risks to Kenya\u2019s economy have been analysed in detail for each sector in the Adaptation Technical Analysis Reports (ATAR)."


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"Undertake a detailed analysis of remaining barriers to geothermal deployment in Kenya and identify gaps in current initiatives supporting geothermal development \u2013 October 2012 to 2. Prepare detailed proposal for a support programme, potentially in the form of a proposal for a supported NAMA \u2013 April 2013 to October 2013 3.    Submit NAMA proposal to UNFCCC, and hold discussions with potential funders \u2013 August 4."


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"Undertake systematic gender analysis of its climate change response, through the collection and utilisation of gender-disaggregated data, including in relation to budgetary processes. 3. Ensure that marginalisation and vulnerability arising from gender disparities are addressed at all stages of climate change response. 4. Adopt a gender mainstreaming approach at all stages of the climate change policy cycle from research, to analysis, to the design and implementation of actions. 5."


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"Unfortunately, climate change now threatens to eradicate this rich biodiversity. 2.2.1.1 Forestry and Land Use The importance of forests cannot be understated. Forests serve as the ultimate climate regulators. Forest cover assists in slowing down the spread of deserts, attracting clouds and enabling rainfall. In addition, they serve as a carbon \u2018sink\u2019 which is a natural reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical such as carbon dioxide for an indefinite period of time."


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"United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): The international agreement for action on climate change that aims to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system. The UNFCCC entered into force in 1994 and has 192 signatory parties.  Voluntary Carbon Market: The market created through carbon credit purchases that are made voluntarily (and outside the compliance market created under the Kyoto Protocol where countries are legally obligated to reduce emissions)."


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"Universities: Whereas it was found that climate\f  change as a subject is now being taught at some Kenyan universities, it was considered there is a need for these institutions to develop policies to ensure that all students trained there are familiar with climate change and its impacts."


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"Until recently, such episodes were assumed to represent natural climate variability but now scientific evidence points to climate change as the driving force behind the frequency and intensity of these events. According to the same report, serious droughts have occurred at least 12 times in the past 50 years. Major rivers including the Tana, Athi, Sondu Miriu, Ewaso Ngiro and Mara have experienced severe reduced volumes during droughts and many seasonal ones have completely dried up."


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"Update of Emission Baseline Projections  Endnotes 1 Government of Kenya (2015). Kenya\u2019s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 23 July 2015. Nairobi: Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. Accessed at: 2 Government of Kenya (2013). National Climate Change Action Plan, 2013-2017. Nairobi: Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources 3 Government of Kenya (2015). Kenya: Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Nairobi: National Environment Management Authority. 4 Government of Kenya (2016). Electricity Generation and Transmission Master Plan 2015-2035."


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"Update of Emission Baseline Projections  Figure 9.1:        Comparison of NDC BAU Emissions Projection with November 2016 Updated Emissions Projection  Original NDC BAU Emissions Projection  Updated Emissions Projection \u2013 November 2016  For example, even a modest level of natural gas development that would meet 10% of overall demand in 2015 for petroleum products (~ 0.5 billion m3 per year), would result in increased production and combustion emissions of about 1.2 Mt CO2e."


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created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:19
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"Update of Emission Baseline Projections  Setting Sectoral Targets against the Updated Emission Baseline Projection Kenya\u2019s INDC seeks to abate its overall GHG emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario. However, this does not necessarily translate into a 30% emission reduction target for each of the individual six mitigation sectors (energy, transportation, agriculture, LULUCF, industrial processes and waste). Significant work conducted both for NCCAP and updated in the SNC examined the technical potential of emission reductions related to the six sectors."


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"Update of Emission Baseline Projections  The first step to updating the emission baseline projection for this project was to consider new historical activity data available for each emission source (such as tonnes of cement produced or gasoline fuel consumption for transportation in 2013, 2014 and 2015). Even short term changes in activity levels can significantly alter long-term projections. By gathering the most recent data available from many different sources, activity data was updated until the end of the 2015 year."


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"Update of Emission Baseline Projections Abbreviations BAU business as usual carbon dioxide carbon dioxide equivalent GDP gross domestic product GESIP Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan GHG greenhouse gas GWh Gigawatt hour IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LULUCF land use land-use change and forestry MENR Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Mt million tonnes MW Megawatt NCCAP National Climate Change Action Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution SLEEK System for Land-based Emissions Estimation in Kenya SNC Second National Communication StARCK+ Strengthening Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change in Kenya Plus UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Update of Emission Baseline Projections Update of Emission Baseline Projections and Impact on NDC Target Introduction Kenya submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution as its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) on 28th December 2016, when it deposited its instrument of ratification for the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).1 Kenya\u2019s NDC sets out an ambitious mitigation contribution of abating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the business as usual (BAU) scenario of 143"


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"Updating of the GHG inventory is underway to support the development of the Third National Communication. Capacity building is being provided to institutionalize the GHG inventory process, by supporting the GHG inventory unit in the CCD to manage GHG information and data, and to report on GHG emissions and removals. Support is being provided. Technical assistance programmes are underway to build capacity for monitoring and measurement of emissions in the transport and energy sectors."


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"Urban Commercial Industry End-Use Efficiency Metric Assumption Notes Air Conditioning Watts -1% per year Based on research of historic trends in end-use efficiency and assessment of technological potential."


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"Urban Units +15.7% per year Based on customer growth of 12.3% and urban stock growth of 3% annually Commercial Units +11.8% per year Based on customer growth of 8.5% and urban stock growth of 3% annually Industry Units +9.5% per year Based on customer growth of 6.4% and urban stock growth of 3% annually Demand Metric Assumption Notes Rural Hours/yr. +0.5% per year Service demand growth is estimated to increase 0.5% per year for the projection period."


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"Urban and housing  Climate change is likely to make rural livelihood strategies and living conditions increasingly challenging and as a result is likely to exaggerate the rural-to-urban migration trend Kenya is currently experiencing. Specific risks and challenges for communities, especially those living in urban environments and particularly the most vulnerable, include river and flash flooding, with flood related fatalities constituting 60 per cent of disaster victims in Kenya."


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"Using the RCMs, the following temperature trends in Kenya have been projected (See  \ufffd The whole of the country could warm by between 1\u00b0C and 5\u00b0C (by 2071-2100). \ufffd The dry seasons (March to May and October to December) will experience the greatest increase in temperature, particularly in the north of the country. \ufffd The \u2018long rains\u2019 from March to May will  exhibit the smallest increase, particularly in the northeast of the country, where negligible changes are projected in comparison to the baseline period."


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"Using this method, a comprehensive screening process was conducted to assess potential synergies and trade-offs for the NCCAP."


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"Usually mitigation options are assumed to replace a business as usual alternative or reference mix. However, for this analysis, the ambitious electricity expansion plans needed to satisfy Vision 2030 were assumed to be supply constrained in the absence of external support. International climate finance for low-carbon development opportunities provides the funding for additional capacity expansion that would not be installed in the reference case."


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"Usually, mitigation options are assumed to replace a business as usual alternative or reference mix (Figure 59). However, for this analysis, the ambitious electricity expansion plans needed to satisfy Vision 2030 were assumed to be supply constrained in the absence of external support. International climate finance for low-carbon development opportunities provides the funding for additional capacity expansion that would not be installed in the reference case.  Transportation  Kenya\u2019s transport sector is dominated by road transport."


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"VAWT is not as efficient as HAWT, however they fit urban areas well due to their compact designs.  Kenya in its aspiration to explore it as a resource, could seek to consider these advances and to adapt technologies and materials to make them more appropriate for the country. Technology transfer will be required from developed countries.  The technology advancement to harness power from wind energy would also help in cost reductions in generation for Kenya."


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"VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Outcome 2.5: Food and feed storage and distribution improved 2.5.1: Climate smart food/ feed storage and distribution technologies in use 2.5.2: Actors using climate smart food /feed storage and distribution technologies and practices \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Market surveys reports \u2022 Legal framework on food /feed storage distribution and safety exists \u2022 Willingness of the actors to form linkages Outcome 3: Sustainable management of natural resource base and development of safety nets along value chains improved Outcome 3.1: Soil health improved and degraded lands rehabilitated 3.1.1: Climate smart soil fertility management practices 3.1.2: Producers adopting climate smart soil management practices. 3.1.3: Climate smart soil management practices up-scaled. 3.1.4: Area of degraded land rehabilitated \u2022 Environmental sector reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Affordable climate smart technologies are availed \u2022 Land tenure systems will support rehabilitation of degraded lands \u2022 Willingness to cooperate by stakeholders Outcome 3.2: Water and other natural resources conserved 3.2.1: Integrated water resource management plans 3.2.2: Ecosystem management plans 3.2.3: Area under natural resources conserved 3.2.4: Number of water harvesting structures and volume of water harvested 3.2.5: Public Private Partnerships in Natural Resources Management \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022"


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"Various crops respond differently to soil pH ranges, nutrient levels and ratios, impacting on their growth and performance. The physical properties of soil determine the workability for mechanization, soil erodibility, and water holding properties, water infiltration, plant root penetration and water abstraction. Soil biological properties determine the diversity of the soil fauna, microfauna, flora and microflora which could be beneficial or detrimental to crop production and productivity."


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"Very small risks in the timeframe of 2030 are associated with changing wind regimes and increased extreme weather events from wind generation; increased temperatures and/or cloud cover for solar generation; and reductions in cooling capacity for river cooled clean coal as well as small efficiency losses if temperatures increase.23 4 .4  A DA P TAT I ON  I N  T hE  E N E RgY  S E C TOR Kenya\u2019s NDC emphasizes adaptation and identifies priority adaptation actions drawing on the National Adaptation Plan, 2015-2030 (NAP).8 Adaptation in the energy sector is generally framed within the broader framework of climate-proofing infrastructure."


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"Vincent Ogwang MoALF \u2013 SDF 19. Hassan M. Adan Agriculture \u2013 wajir 20. Daud Yakub Guliye DALF \u2013 Wajir 21. Kamalu Sharrif County Director Fisheries \u2013 Lamu 22. Fredrick Oloo Min of Agric, Liv & Fisheries - NAIROBI 23. Joab Osumba FICC / DFID 24. Michael Obora MoALF \u2013 CCU \u2013 NAIROBI 25. Davies Makilla MOALF- CCU 26. Benjamin Kibor MOALF - CCU\f List of Participants in County Consultations: Venue Mombasa 25th \u2013 27th July, 2016 (Mombasa, Kwale, Machakos, Taita Taveta and Kitui Counties) No."


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"Vision 2030 identifies energy as a key foundation and one of the \u201cenablers\u201d upon which the economic, social and political pillars will be built. The GoK recognises that the successful implementation of its flagship projects will greatly depend on supply of adequate, reliable, clean and affordable energy. As a result the demand for electricity will increase as the numerous economic activities implemented and new county governments take shape."


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"Vision 2030 \u2013 Kenya\u2019s long-term development blueprint \u2013 aims to transform Kenya into a newly industrializing middle-income country by 2030. As Kenya moves to achieve its development aspirations, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will rise."


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"Vision 2030, the development master plan for Kenya, and its MTP framework also present opportunities to mainstream climate change into national planning. County governments are required by law to prepare and implement County Integrated Development Plans, through which climate change actions can be mainstreamed for subsequent implementation by county sectors."


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"Vision 2030: The national development blue print encapsulates flagship programmes and projects with aspects of adaptation and mitigation. These include: Integrated National Transport Policy (2010)26: Provides for transport solutions that have relevance to climate change mitigation. The National Policy for the Sustainable Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands: Focuses on climate resilience requiring the Government to find solutions to address climate challenges and to come up with measures to manage drought and strengthen livelihoods."


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"Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/ pastoral/ forestry enterprise size Average income of small- scale food producers by sex and indigenous status Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture 2.4 - By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality."


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"Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity5.\fXXII Kenya s Panos/Karen Robinson\fKenya s 1. Setting the Scene for Climate Change in Kenya Climate change is the most serious global challenge of our time."


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"Vulnerability: The degree to which a system is susceptible to or unable to cope with adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity. Watershed: A topographically delineated area that is drained by a stream system, i.e. the total land area that drains to some point on a stream or river."


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"Vulnerability: The degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity. Watershed: A topographically delineated area that is drained by a stream system, i.e. the total land area that drains to some point on a stream or river."


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"WATER AND SANITATION Water is a basic need and critical resource that is impacted by climate change. Increased scarcity of water resources will negatively affect energy production and agricultural systems, make resource management more difficult, and increase the likelihood of conflict. Potential impacts include declining forest coverage, higher costs to provide water to communities (many county governments rely on costly electricity-driven pumps), reduced water quality and quantity for domestic and industrial use, high water pricing and increases in waterborne diseases."


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"Wanjiru Kamau KOAN wanjiruk@koan.co.ke 25. Dr. Bashir Jama AGRA BJama@agra.org 26. Caroline Lentupuru Baringo, Government of cecagriculturebaringo@gmail.com 27. Margaret Kamau CDKN margaret.kamau@cdkn.org 28. David Aoll Magadi Soda 29. Greg Maketh MoLTD 30. Peter Githinji East African Grain Council pgithinji@eagc.org 31. Ouma Maurice MOALF-SDL onyiouma@gmail.com 32. Torben Lundsgaard GIZ-CC lundsgaard@ambero.de 33. Johnstone Mulary Kenya Power Council jmulary@kenyapowercouncil.org 34. Deborah Murphy StARCK+TA (DFID) Deborah.Murphy@ficcf.com 35. Saidi Mkomwa ACT saidi.komwa@act-africa.org 36. Dr. Todd Rosentock ICRAF T.Rosenstock@cgiar.org 37. Charles Magige SDF c.magige@yahoo.com\f NAME ORGANIZATION EMAIL ADDRESS 38."


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"Warmer than average ocean surface temperatures \u2013 El Ni\u00f1o episodes \u2013 usually result in above average rainfall in the short rainfall season, whereas colder than average surface temperatures \u2013 La Ni\u00f1a episodes \u2013 bring drier than average weather.125 As the \u2018short rains\u2019 are most affected by the presence of El Ni\u00f1o or La Ni\u00f1a conditions, they account for the majority of the inter-annual rainfall variability (74%).126  Although there is little evidence of an overall change in precipitation, there is a significant geographical diversity in observed rainfall trends."


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"Warmer than average sea surface temperatures in the equatorial eastern and Central Pacific Ocean \u2013 El Ni\u00f1o episodes \u2013 usually result in above average rainfall in the short rainfall season, whereas colder than average sea surface temperatures in the same region \u2013 La Ni\u00f1a episodes \u2013 bring depressed (below average) rainfall in the same season.16 As the \u2018short rains\u2019 are most affected by the presence of El Ni\u00f1o conditions, they account for the majority of the inter-annual rainfall variability (estimated at about 74 per cent)."


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"Washington DC, FEWS-NET G.B.Chettri (2003): Climate Change Adaptation Technology Needs Assessment: Agriculture Sector, Background Paper for Technology Needs Assessment for Bhutan prepared for NEC: National Green House Gas Project Phase II Government of Kenya (2002). Malindi District Development Plan 2002 \u2013 2008. Effective Man- agement for Sustainable Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Government of Kenya (2005). Food Processing: Scope and Definitions."


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"Washington, DC\f |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| ANNEX 1: IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority TimelineST MT 3-6 yrs LT > 6) Indicative Budget (Billions in KSh) National Government County Government Other Stakeholders Thematic Area 1. Adaptation and Building Resilience Strategic Issue 1: Vulnerabilities due to changes in temperature regimes and precipitation patterns Strategic goal: Enhanced adaptive capacity and resilience of farmers, pastoralists and fisher-folk to the adverse impacts of climate change."


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"Waste Industrial Process Forestry Energy Electricity Transportation Agriculture\fKenya s In the reference case, emissions increase up until 2030 in all sectors except forestry: \u00a7\ufffd Electricity emissions grow the most, increasing from 2.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) in 2010 to 18.5 MtCO2e in 2030. Much of this increase is attributed to new coal and natural gas coming online to meet increasing energy demand."


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"Waste Industrial Process Forestry Energy Electricity Transportation Agriculture Source: GoK NCCAP Mitigation Analysis 2012 Figure 6.1: Greenhouse gas emissions reference case: 2010 to 2030 In most cases, the projections assume historical trends in key emission drivers (population, energy demand and economic growth) will continue at constant growth rates, with no major structural changes in the economy. In the case of energy and livestock (agriculture), expert opinion and data indicated future growth would vary from historical trends, and emission forecasts were adjusted accordingly."


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"Waste incineration \u2013 Waste incineration is better suited to areas that have a scarcity of space for landfill (due to lower costs for using landfill) and that generate waste with a lower moisture and higher energy content (less likely in Kenya because of high organic waste content). Although incineration can still prove beneficial under these conditions, there is significant overlap with the option of electricity generation from landfill gas (see Chapter 8)."


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"Waste incineration, like other forms of combustion, generates CO2 as well as smaller amounts of CH4 and N2O emissions, depending on the composition of the waste. The breakdown of human sewage can also lead to significant amounts of indirect N2O emissions. Historic solid waste data disposal was estimated from Environmental Impact Assessments for four solid waste disposal sites in Kenya (Dandora, Mombasa, Kisumu and Nakuru). Table 65 identifies the assumptions regarding municipal solid waste volumes that were employed in a First Order Decay Spreadsheet Model."


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"Waste incineration, like other forms of combustion, generates CO2 as well as smaller amounts of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, depending on the composition of the waste. The breakdown of human sewage can also lead to significant amounts of indirect nitrous oxide emissions.13 Methane and nitrous oxide are more potent greenhouse gases than CO2 with global warming potentials, respectively, 25 and 265\u2013298 times that of CO2 for a 100-year timescale."


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"Wastewater emission potential increases for wastewater that is treated in anaerobic conditions and has a high degree of organic content, such as those from the residential and commercial sectors, food and beverage industries and from the pulp and paper industry.  Waste incineration, like other forms of combustion, generates CO2 as well as smaller amounts of CH4 and N2O emissions, depending on the composition of the waste. The breakdown of human sewage can also lead to significant amounts of indirect N2O emissions."


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"Water Act (2002) Provides the overall governance of the sector, and recognises the climate change implications on health, sanitation and water. Agricultural Sector Development Strategy, 2010- Provides the framework for transforming agriculture into a modern and commercially viable sector. Notes that addressing food security will require addressing the challenge of over-dependence on rain fed agriculture. Energy Policy and Act (2004)  Encourages implementation of indigenous renewable energy sources to enhance the country\u2019s electricity supply capacity."


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"Water Act, 2002: The EMCA 1999 and the Water Act of 2002 provide the overall governance of the Water Sector. The regulations and strategies following on from this Act, recognize the climate change implications on health, sanitation and water. The Energy Policy and Act: Kenya\u2019s energy policy of 2004 encourages implementation of indigenous renewable energy sources to enhance the country\u2019s electricity supply capacity."


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"Water Resources The water sector in Kenya underpins its main economic sectors of agriculture, livestock, tourism, manufacturing and energy. The country is divided into six major drainage basins (Figure 12) consisting of: Lake Victoria North Tana (126,026 km2); and Ewaso Ng\u2019iro North  Its drainage system is dense with many ephemeral streams and perennial rivers of which a small number are permanent. The permanent rivers are; Tana, Athi, Sondu, Yala, Mara, Nzoia and Nyando."


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"Water Resources: This is already affected by inter-and intra-annual rainfall variability, including the extremes of flooding and drought. Climate change may further reduce the availability of water resources through altered\f  rainfall patterns, higher evaporation, lower lake levels, accelerated loss of glaciers and rising sea level.  Food Security: The agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector is key for Kenya in terms of employment, food security, livelihoods and economic development."


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"Water and irrigation Mainstream of climate change adaptation in the water sector by implementing the National Water Master Plan (2014). Population, urbanisation and housing Enhance the adaptive capacity of the population, urbanisation and housing sector. Gender, Vulnerable Groups and Youth Strengthen the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable groups and communities through social safety nets and insurance schemes. Tourism Enhance the resilience of the tourism value chain."


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"Water logging of soils and the resulting salt stress might cause reduced crop production.30 In addition, the health of coastal populations could be affected because of increasing ground water salinity, which might also lead to permanent inundation of low lying areas making them uninhabitable, leading to migration of population and possibly the emergence of environmental refugees.31 Coastal and marine resources contribute immensely towards the economic development of Kenya through tourism, \ufb01sheries, shipping and port activities."


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"Water resource management is linked to Kenya\u2019s expected economic and social transformation, and is directly linked to food security, health and GDP growth \u2013 especially in the ASALs. Priority adaptation actions to improve water management include increased domestic water supply and improved sewage systems, enhanced irrigation and drainage to increase agricultural and livestock production, effective trans-boundary water resources management, and flood mitigation schemes."


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"Water saving technologies such as lining of canals, sprinklers, drip kits and low cost greenhouses have not yet been widely adopted by farmers. Land use planning is important in improving the sustainable use and management of natural resources. Planning for sustainable land management require integrated information and knowledge as well as  empowerment of all stakeholders involved in participatory approaches to land use planning."


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"Water scarcity, due to increased temperatures, has also been linked to an increase in the incidence of\f diarrheal diseases, such as cholera, where sanitation facilities are poor. Increased precipitation may accelerate the spread of these diseases by overflow of sewage from latrines and run-off into water sources causing contamination."


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"We estimate that the private sector, both domestic and international, has already invested more than USD2.8 billion in renewable energy production in Kenya. There are, however, a number of challenges that hold back even greater engagement by the private sector. On the policy and regulatory side, the main challenges include a project development process that is long and arduous and policy interventions and incentives that could be improved (renewable energy) or are poorly implemented (energy efficiency)."


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"We gratefully acknowledge the Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and all other contributors for their steadfast support and assistance."


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"We have had two national workshops, nine regional workshops as well as workshops with parliamentarians and clusters of stakeholders including the Government, private sector, civil society organisations, development partners, youth groups, women\u2019s groups, faith- based organisations, and the media, among others. These workshops were held to gather information on the impacts of climate change as well as on recommended interventions."


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"Where management practices are poorly adapted to local ecological conditions, degradation can occur. Even a number of causes that are seemingly natural can have wholly or partly indirect human causes (bush invasion, forest fires, floods, landslides and droughts). About 14% of the 1.3 million hectares of Kenya\u2019s irrigation potential has been exploited. High variability in rainfall complicates irrigation scheduling because most systems abstract water directly from river flows."


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"Where possible, the efficient cooking technologies will be manufactured domestically thereby transferring further know-how to the domestic industry of the host party. TATS Solar Lantern Programme of Activities  \ufffd There is a specific mention of TT that: - The PoA will facilitate the transfer of industry-leading solar lantern technologies into Kenya. This transfer largely occurs \u201cSouth- South\u201d (between developing countries), as the products to be used in the PoA are manufactured in other developing countries (i.e. China, India, etc)."


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"Where regulations made under this Act so require, the Council or respective public or private entity shall cause a public meeting relating to a policy, strategy, programme, plan or action to be held before the Council or the respective public or private entity makes its decision on the policy, strategy, programme, plan or action."


id: 4e554563c7824294aeab6daa79ac2a68
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"Where the information for the baselines is not available, this action would initiate work programmes to gather the necessary data. Institutional Capacity Strengthening and Staff Capacity Building in MDAs and LGAs: the aim of the action is to build institutional as well as individual capacities of the Government agencies and staff  involved in providing data for the MRV+ system."


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"Whereas it is already the case that climate change as a subject is now being taught at Kenyan universities, there will be a need for institutions of higher learning to develop policies to ensure that all students educated there are familiar with climate change, its impact and strategies for adaptation and mitigation."


id: ca855a65d2659cba97d2f7ab573f5d32
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"While Kenya has now developed strategy and plans on education, training and awareness. The key challenge is its implementation. Effective management and implementation of these will need availability of adequate human, financial and infrastructural resources. The implementing organisations will also need to attract, develop, retain and effectively utilise human resources with specific knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivations required to address priority actions identified in the plans.  Capacity Building  Kenya has undertaken numerous capacity- building efforts."


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"While action is already being taken to build resilience by Government and numerous other stakeholders, more action and support is required to achieve Kenya\u2019s development goals, protect vulnerable groups, and sectors, and take advantage of opportunities as they arise. Examples of ongoing projects/initiatives Kenya Integrated Climate Risk Management Project, capacity building of civil servants on climate change through various projects from bilateral and multilateral development partners."


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"While carbon markets are currently weak, much private sector investment is expected to eventually flow through carbon market-based mechanisms such as the CDM and any new mechanism that may be agreed under the UNFCCC. This requires that Kenya be an active participant in the international negotiations on climate finance and new market mechanisms to remain informed and well positioned to act on opportunities as they arise."


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"While impacts of climate change may affect the frequency of forest fires there is no available information to indicate a new trend between 2010 and 2030.  In Figure 55 the net baseline emissions from LULUCF emission and removals is presented.  Net emissions are total emissions minus total removals and therefore the figure indicates that it is expected that the LULUCF sector in Kenya remains a net emitter over the entire 2000 to 2030 time period."


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"While reporting the GHG inventory, care has been taken to include consideration of the methodology used, the quality assurance/ quality control (QA/QC) measures applied, the results of the key source analysis and Tier 1 quantification of uncertainties associated with the estimates.  The summary of GHG emissions by sectors and type of gas in 2000 is shown in Table 1 below.\f  Table 1: Emission Patterns by Sector and GHG Type No."


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"While the CDM has played an important role in Kenya in encouraging private sector investment, evidence suggests this market holds very little promise to generate investments before 2020 because of a decline in demand and uncertainty around the functioning of new market-based mechanisms created under the Paris Agreement. Market readiness activities and a strong engagement in UNFCCC negotiations on markets are of great importance."


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"While the Government has continuously committed to facilitate the identification of relevant environmentally sound technologies and knowledge in most sectors of its economy, the adoption, diffusion and application has remained low mainly due to: \ufffd Financial constraints \ufffd Limited capacity and awareness \ufffd Lack of quality and standards Finance constraints pertain to lack of access to capital and inappropriate subsidies (such as lack of appropriate fiscal policies and support mechanism of taxes, duty and pricing)."


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"While the Government of Kenya (GoK) has the overall responsibility for ensuring that programmes are put in place to deliver its obligations under the UNFCCC, all the administrations under the national and county governments play a part in meeting these obligations. Kenya has a total area of 582,646 km2, consisting of 11,230 km2 of water surface and 571,416 km2 of land area."


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"While the MOEP\u2019s new Master Long Term Plan forecast to 2035 is consistent with the 2011 Updated Least Cost Development Plan that was used to project emissions for the NCCAP and SNC19, there has been a general evolution in planning from 2011 to 2017."


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"While the NAP does not identify specific adaptation actions in the waste sector, actions under the water and sanitation sector and the infrastructure sector have applicability to the waste sector. These actions, set out in Table 8.6 are generally concerned with climate proofing waste infrastructure. The waste sector a devolved function requiring close collaboration between the national and county governments to ensure that national aspirations and goals in the sector are reflected in CIDPs and county budgets."


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"While the baseline is not overly aggressive it still means for example that a new passenger car sold in 2030 is more than 30% more efficient than a new car purchased today. Large technological shifts, that have dramatic impact on emission intensity, for example, large scale market penetration of electric vehicles, are not included in the baseline. If for example, electric vehicles were to achieve a market penetration of 20% by 2030, this would reduce overall baseline emissions by as much as 2.5 MtCO2e. 5."


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"While the urban pollution monitoring division undertakes environmental monitoring for continuous measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO), surface Ozone (O3) and meteorological parameters. This enables continuous monitoring of ambient vehicular emissions and provide early warning system on climate-related health impacts in the country.  Systematic Observation  The country hosts a number of observational stations and an extensive communication network to support the systematic observation monitoring and research."


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"While this trend dates to the late 1800s, emerging evidence suggests that it has accelerated since the 1970s due to climate change. These changes in weather patterns and climate extremes are likely to jeopardize agricultural production and food security and hence Kenya\u2019s ability to grow and develop. For example, a temperatures rise of 2\u00b0C would lead to large areas of Kenya currently suited to growing tea becoming unsuitable."


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"While upholding its overall focus on supporting enhancement of resilient low-carbon agricultural productivity the sub-component will make particular effort to promote a value chain integration approach. Summary of Actions: \u2022 Identify, update, disseminate and upscale existing climate smart agricultural technologies and practices. \u2022\ufffd Introduce\ufffddiversified\ufffdand\ufffdimproved\ufffdcrop\ufffdvarieties\ufffd(high\ufffdyielding,\ufffdshort\ufffdduration,\ufffddisease\ufffdand\ufffdpest\ufffd tolerant,\ufffdhigh\ufffdnutritive\ufffdvalue,\ufffdflood\ufffdtolerant),\ufffdincluding\ufffdindigenous\ufffdvarieties.\ufffd\ufffd \u2022 Increase use of integrated soil fertility management practices, including soil testing and soil nutrient management. \u2022 Strengthen surveillance of agricultural inputs trade. \u2022 Improve agricultural mechanization by adopting appropriate machinery and equipment."


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"While \u2018climate proo\ufb01ng\u2019 of private sector investments is important, there are also emerging business opportunities in helping communities to reduce their climate risks such as provision of \ufb01nancial resources for adaptation through investments, \ufb01nancial risk management, and the charitable provision of resources through foundations or corporate social responsibility. This sector also plays an enormous role in awareness raising and information building hence the need for their engagement in adaptation."


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"Whole process: 6 to 8 months\fKenya s Action 2:   PRIORITISE CLIMATE CHANGE FUNDING IN THE BUDGET INCLUDING THE CREATION OF A CLIMATE CHANGE CODE Action Reference Action summary This involves the integration of climate change finance into the 2013/14 annual budget and budget policy statement, and the Medium Term Expenditure Framework 2013-2017. It also involves the creation of a specific budgetary code for climate change within the Integrated Financial Management Information System."


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"Why does Kenya want a MRV system? Without an accurate assessment of Kenya\u2019s emissions it will be difficult to plan effective policies to reduce emissions as well as benefit from international programs to reduce emissions through stopping deforestation or implementing clean growth policies. SLEEK will position Kenya as a leader in emissions estimation and will provide a basis for other countries in the region and across the world to learn from Kenya."


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"Wildlife-based tourism forms a vital part of Kenya\u2019s economy and will be challenged by climate risks particularly changes in wildlife migration patterns and species diversity. Forests: Kenya\u2019s national forest cover increased from 5.9 per cent in 2000 to about 7 per cent in 2010 as noted in the country\u2019s National Forest Policy, 2014."


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"Wilson, KEPSA Naomi Mathenge, KIPPRA THEMATIC WORKING Erastus Wahome, Ministry of Finance (Chief Economist) Janet Mawiyoo, Kenya Community Development Foundation (KCDF) Tom Orwa, Ministry of Finance (External Resources Dept) Charo Tsuma, Carbon Asset Limited (CEO) Isaac Awuondo, Commercial Bank of Africa Limited Dr. Joseph G. Mureithi, KARI Michael Mbaka, Financial Sector - Deepening Kenya Habil Olaka, Kenya Bankers Association (CEO) Grace Akumu, Climate Network Africa Judy Ndichu, Transparency International Sally Yagan, MPND & V2030 (Macro Planning Directorate Obadiah Kungu, Ministry of Finance\fKenya s 14."


id: b0c494ca4b8dea7a9eca0e4cd0e4e27d
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"Wind Kenya has vast unexploited wind energy resource that, in combination with appropriate Government policies, can result in financially feasible and highly successful wind-farm projects for investors218 and fulfil power requirements for the whole According to the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum, Kenya has a proven wind energy potential of as high as 346 W/m2 and speeds of over 6m/s in many parts.220  High capital cost and lack of sufficient wind regime data have been some of the barriers affecting the exploitation of wind energy resources."


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"Wind Power Generation: Wind power generation technologies have been transferred to Kenya and are being deployed at various hill top locations. The Ministry of Energy has developed a Wind Energy Resources Atlas of Kenya which will support developers to identify suitable areas for installation of wind power turbines. The main barrier to the technology continues to be the initial capital costs."


id: fa4842e4c4093f56d963cf28c78ce7ef
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"With an international demand for Kenyan offsets, the increased spending to supply offsets increases economic activity in Kenya, thereby increasing Kenyan GDP throughout the entire period."


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"With climate change, the situation is likely to worsen as extreme events like frequent and prolonged droughts will lead to the reduction of water levels in dams, thereby affecting hydropower production potential."


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"With drought being the main hazard, the NAP recognises that the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) is a key institution in enhancing adaptive capacity. Established in 2011, NDMA is mandated to establish mechanisms to ensure that drought does not become famine and that impacts of climate change are addressed. This NAP proposes macro-level adaptation actions and sub-actions in 20 planning sectors, categorising them into short-, medium- and long-term time frames."


id: 87cfd7e10fa797bda5f2f26a1550a573
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"With functions defined in a standalone Climate Change Law, key among them the proposal and continuous revision of climate policy to the NCCC, ongoing implementation and review of the climate change response strategy and action plan, and proposal of climate change legislation and regulations, the Secretariat would be the main implementing agency of the NCCAP."


id: cc71f315ca1fe6a7066c5cf24883e83e
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"With its close connections to the environment and climate itself, tourism is considered to be a highly climate-sensitive industry.  Manufacturing, Transport and Trade: Impacts to critical supporting infrastructure, such as energy, water, communications and transport, have the potential to reverberate into the private sector, with consequences for business continuity, revenue, workforce and associated supply chains. Climate-induced changes \f  affecting productivity and crop diversity, in the tea, coffee and horticulture sectors, have implications for exports and imports."


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"With payback times of less than two years, savings in electricity consumption of between 8% (for a tourist resort) and 26% (for a tea factory) could be achieved. Fuel efficiency improvements of more than 9% could be achieved for a boiler in a tea factory through an adjustment of the oxygen for combustion, a measure with a payback time of about half a year.10 If longer payback times of up to five years would be acceptable, the level of energy savings would be significantly higher."


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"With projected future climate change expected to be worse, there is urgent need to initiate research in the following priority areas to make our rangelands and wildlife resources more resilient to climate change: \u2022\ufffd assessing current climate change threats and risks to wildlife, and vulnerability indicators: - analyse the current climate variability in marginal rainfall areas, - identify rainfall homogenous areas, - identify and analyse climate risk fac- tors, - collect and analyse historical data on climate induced impacts in the areas, - collect and analyse data on climate induced human disturbances in the wildlife areas, - assess the socioeconomic dynamics and activities of the communities liv- ing in and around wildlife protected areas, - assess the current human-wildlife conflicts, - carry out sensitivity analysis, \u2022\ufffd assessing future climate variability and the vulnerability of species and ecosys- tems to projected climate change: - use modelling to project future cli- mate change in the marginal rainfall areas and other game reserves, - identify rainfall homogenous zones under the changed climate scenarios, - analyze future rainfall and tempera- ture characteristics of the"


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"With rainfall as one of the most affected climatic elements, the survival of Kenya\u2019s forest resources is likely to be severely affected. The vulnerability of Kenya\u2019s forest resource is further exacerbated by the depletion of forest and land cover through rapid increase in population and demand for human settlements, both agricultural and grazing land, construction materials, food, fuel wood, essential oils and herbal medicines. Climate change only adds to the stresses on Kenya\u2019s forest cover."


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"With regard to climate change, NEMA serves as the Designated National Authority for the Clean Development Mechanism and the National Implementing Entity for the Adaptation Fund. NEMA is also the technical entity that produces the National Communications to the UNFCCC \u2022 Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) \u2022 Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS) Ministry of Devolution and Planning This Ministry is responsible for national development planning, leadership and coordination of devolution; and associated monitoring and evaluation in Kenya."


id: 7d1ed4902d7c76e2bfd029572d74229e
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"With respect to the longer-term implications of a changing climate on agricultural productivity, for Kenya there will be distinct \u201cwinners and losers\u201d, as climate change inevitably favours some crops and regions over others. Equally, some regions, namely the mixed rain-fed temperate and tropical highlands, are projected to experience an increase in crop yield, whereas others, namely the ASALs, are projected to witness a significant decline in crop yields and livestock numbers, as water resources become increasingly scarce."


id: 684d28c7ec747483631f6295235b7a10
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"With the deteriorating climatic conditions primarily due to climate change, the annual growth rate of agricultural \u201cvalue added\u201d products has been on the decline (GoK, 2015)."


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"With the passing of the Climate Change Bill, funding and capacity building will be required to enable the MENR and other institutions such as NEMA to effectively fulfil their expanded mandates."


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"With the projected climate change extremes like torrential rainfalls and floods which will result in frequent water-borne diseases\u2019 out- breaks, such disease surveil- lance and mapping will become even more pertinent in identi- fying disease patterns so that appropriate measures can be taken. Map provided by the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation during the NCCRS development process."


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"With the sector experiencing strong growth, GHG emissions from transport are projected to 7 of the Mitigation report includes the detailed analysis). Improved traffic conditions and access to modern transport services are required, along with increased efficiency through improved technologies, alternative (including non-motorised) modes of transport and fuel substitution. Seven low carbon development options were analysed for the transport sector (Figure 6.4)."


id: ff5432aaf0c28f3f43013f6526f0afdc
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"With the sector experiencing strong growth, GHG emissions from transport are projected to grow conditions and access to modern transport services are required, along with increased efficiency through improved technologies, alternative (including non-motorised) modes of transport and fuel substitution.  Seven low carbon development options were analysed for the transport sector (Figure 5.4)."


id: 971c972cf2f651ff74c42fd8fa9f338d
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"With the signing and ratification of the UNFCCC by 192 Member States, the world has embarked upon one of the most ambitious programmes in history, namely to arrest the growing negative For more information, please refer to the website of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego See for example, Chapter 1 of the Brundtland Report Refer to the IPCC website to get information on its history, organisation and mandate Climate change, from a global perspective\f\u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 National Climate Change Response Strategy effects on international climate by reducing emissions of GHGs which have a massive global warming impact."


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"With this Action Plan we hope to work together to enhance our understanding of the risks and opportunities and find innovative and effective ways to address the climate change challenge in a manner that will result in a climate resilient and a secured future for Kenya. The RT. Hon. Raila Amolo Odinga, EGH, MP PRIME MINISTER\fKenya s IX Acknowledgements The Hon. Minister for Environment and Mineral Resources T he  2013-2017 is Kenya\u2019s first Action Plan on climate change."


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"With this Framework we hope to work together to address climate change challenges in a manner that will promote climate resilient sustainable agriculture in Kenya. Dr. Andrew Tuimur, CBS Chief Administrative Secretary Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Irrigation vi TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD___________________________________________________________________________________ii PREFACE_____________________________________________________________________________________iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT______________________________________________________________________________v TABLE OF CONTENTS____________________________________________________________________________vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY_________________________________________________________________________viii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS_________________________________________________________________x GLOSSARY/DEFINITION OF TERMS___________________________________________________________________xii CHAPTER ONE: Alignment with Relevant National Policies___________________________________________2 CHAPTER TWO: Fisheries and aquaculture production________________________________________________9 Forests and agroforestry_________________________________________________________10 Food consumption and nutrition___________________________________________________10 Agricultural Growth and Development______________________________________________14 Land degradation and declining soil health___________________________________________14 Extension and agro-weather advisory services________________________________________15 Agro-weather advisory services___________________________________________________15 Context of Climate Smart Agriculture__________________________________________________16 CHAPTER THREE: Goal and Objectives of the Framework______________________________________________18 Framework Implementation Components____________________________________________18 Sub-component 1.1: Inter-Ministerial and County Government Coordination________________19 Sub-component 1.2: Government partnerships with private sector and civil society Sub-component 1.3: Programmatic Coordination with Development Partners_______________20 Sub-component 1.4: Research-Extension Liaison framework_____________________________20 Sub-component 1.5: CSA research funding___________________________________________21 Sub-component 1.6: Appropriate CSA policies, strategies and regulations__________________21 Sub-component 1.7: CSA data collection, information management and dissemination systems_22 Sub-component 1.8: Strengthening institutional capacities______________________________22 Component 2: Agricultural productivity and integration of value chain approach_____________22 vii Sub-component"


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"With this report, Kenya takes an important step toward meeting our international obligations and ensuring that climate change is considered in our country\u2019s policies, activities, and investment plans. Recognising the problems posed by climate change and the importance of taking the necessary action to mitigate climate change impacts, the Government of Kenya ratified the UNFCCC in 1994."


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"With this view in mind, the industrial sector emission reduction target must be less than the technical potential of individual mitigation options identified, while also contributing to the overall 30% emission reduction target. Figure 6.2 identifies a reasonable low and high range for a 2030 target for emission reductions in the industrial sector."


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"With this view in mind, the waste sector\fN D C  S E C T O R  A N A LY S I S  R E P O R T  2 0 1 7 Box 1. Mitigation Options in the Waste sector not considered in the Emissions Reduction Analysis Waste technologies proposed at NDC sector expert and NCCAP validation meetings but excluded after further analysis are described below. waste to energy incineration Bamburi cement operates a waste to energy incinerator in Mombasa."


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"Within the DOE, MEMR also established in 2009 its National Climate Change Coordinating Office. This office now acts as the Secretariat for the National Climate Change Activities Coordinating Committee (NCCACC) established in 1992 as a requirement under the UNFCCC. Membership of the NCCACC is drawn from line ministries, academia and research institutions, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) as well as the private sector."


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"Within the primary platform options, a focus on enhancing the Designated National Authority (DNA) under the National Environment Management Authority and export promotion activities is recommended. There are a number of different roles and activities that\fKenya s a primary carbon trading platform could perform."


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"Without such a Secretariat established and defined in law, with the requisite scientific and technical expertise, implementation of the NCCAP may face challenges in terms of constitutional and legal competence, capacity, resources and political support."


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"Without such a high-level institution, climate change response will unlikely be perceived as more than an environmental issue and will be unlikely to receive the political backing and resources required to achieve effective results. Established by integrating the NCCC concept into a standalone Climate Change Law, the NCCC would be the primary institution tasked with overseeing, monitoring and ensuring successful implementation and sufficient resourcing of the NCCAP in order to ensure mainstreaming across sectoral departments and agencies of the National and County governments."


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"Women in Kenya have been observed to be disproportionately affected by drought because pre-existing gender discrimination exposes them to higher rates of poverty and insecurity and because of the extra socio-economic burden they have meeting the needs of households, children, the vulnerable and the elderly.  Arid and semi-arid lands  The influx of civil strife and drought-driven refugees to northern Kenya creates challenges for the ASAL economy and natural resource base. According to UNHCR, Kenya hosted 650,000 refugees located in three camps in 2012."


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"Women in Kenya have been observed to be disproportionately affected by drought because pre-existing gender discrimination exposes them to higher rates of poverty and insecurity and because of the extra socio-economic burden they have meeting the needs of households, children, vulnerable and the elderly.60 \u2022 Infrastructure (for energy and transport): A range of climate impacts have the potential to compromise infrastructure design, function and performance across a range of settings."


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"Women\u2019s coping capacity is low and adversely affected by the gender division of labour and power at household, work and other levels. 9.3.4 Gender equality, as mandated by the 2010 Constitution, will be achieved in relation to the government\u2019s climate change response by the adoption of a gender mainstreaming approach."


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"Woodfuel Removal Tonnes of wood (dm) per year Woodfuel supply is constrained in some markets and future demand is based on an Analysis of Demand and Supply of Wood Products in Kenya. (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, 2013).\f  Charcoal Production Tonnes of charcoal per year Charcoal supply is constrained in some markets and future demand is based on an Analysis of Demand and Supply of Wood Products in Kenya. (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, 2013)."


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"Woody biomass or commercially grown biomass as a source of bioenergy for electricity \u2013 Woody biomass or commercially grown biomass as a source of bioenergy for electricity was excluded for three main reasons: \u2022 Deforestation through burning of woody biomass is already a concern for the Government of Kenya (wood and charcoal provide roughly 70 to 75 percent of total energy consumption in Kenya), which has an aggressive reforestation target to achieve 10% forest cover."


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"Work also includes the development of national forest resource mapping and establishment of the System for Land-based Emissions Estimation in Kenya (SLEEK), a Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system to estimate land-based emissions in Kenya. A geographic information services lab has been established to enable mapping and tracking of land cover change. development partners Support for SLEEK was provided by Clinton Climate Initiative and the Government of Australia."


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"Working with a defined work plan, the process was led by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry while the coordination was carried by the Climate Change Directorate under the Ministry. Stakeholders were identified from various national and county government sectors, civil society, academia and private sector. In person expert consultative workshops were held prior to COVID 19 limitations,  thereafter virtual workshops were adopted as a means of stakeholder engagements."


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"World Economic Forum)\fKenya s Indicative timeframe Launch timeframe: action can begin immediately and be established in 12-18 months Duration of the Action: Permanent Quick win opportunity  r The quick win box should be checked when the SC team recommends that this is an obvious \u2018quick win\u2019 action.  If the action is designated as \u2018quick win\u2019 it should have been agreed with the Lead Agency."


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"Yearly costs of implementing similar actions in these documents were derived and then extrapolated to 2030 with a formula used by the Treasury for similar exercises. The estimated total cost of implementing this NAP till the year 2030 is US$ 38,255,496,051.\f44 | Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030\fEnhanced climate resilience towards the attainment of Vision 2030 and beyond | 45 Chapter 5: Adaptation Monitoring and Evaluation This chapter outlines the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for the National Adaptation Plan."


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"[Accessed 22 35 Kenya Human Development Report (2013) Climate Change and Human Development: Harnessing Emerging Opportunities, UNDP 36 Government of Kenya (GoK). (2008). Second Medium-Term Plan (MTP) 2013-2017. Nairobi: Government Printers. [Accessed 22 37 United Nations (UN) Population Division .2012. \u201cWorld Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision\u201d New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 39 i.e."


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"[Accessed 22 64 Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA). (2013). Economic Survey 2013 Highlights."


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"[Edenhofer, O., Pichs-Madruga, R., Sokona, Y., Farahani, E., Kadner, S., Seyboth, K., Adler, A., Baum, I., Brunner, S., Eickemeier, P., Kriemann, B., Savolainen, J., Schl\u00f6mer, S., von Stechow, C., Zwickel, T. and Minx, J.C. (eds.)]. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 7 Based on the updated baseline, and developed building on calculations undertaken for the National Climate Change Action Plan, 2013-17 and updated for the Second National Communication. 8 Adam, J.C. (2009)."


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"___________________________________  ECONOMY, INDUSTRY AND SERVICES PROFILE  Economy Kenya is a lower middle-income country with an estimated national GDP of US$ 60.9 billion in 2014.61  Figure 16 gives a visualisation of Kenya\u2019s GDP trend from demonstrating that Kenya\u2019s economic performance has varied.  Figure 16: National GDP growth rates  Source: Derived from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics data (Data for 2001 and 2002 not available from source)\f  GDP growth rates peaked in 2007 at 7.1 per cent per annum."


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"a change in crop yield in response to a change in the mean, range or variability of temperature) or indirect (e.g. damages caused by an increase in the frequency of coastal flooding due to sea-level rise). Sustainable development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Technology transfer: A broad set of processes covering the flows of know-how, experience and equipment for mitigating and adapting to climate change among different stakeholders."


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"a reward scheme for pupils or individuals who plant trees and maintain them, \u2022\ufffd schools or colleges\u2019 competitions where students perform drama, poetry, essays and music with climate change themes and the best get rewarded, \u2022\ufffd decentralising Environmental Committees to the village level, \u2022\ufffd formation of youth, women\u2019s and men\u2019s groups, CBOs, as forums for outreach, and including existing youth groups and initiatives in ongoing climate change and decision making activities, \u2022\ufffd documenting climate change impacts and linking them to community livelihoods, \u2022\ufffd online blogging on sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Google Groups, and Yahoo Groups through which various topics on climate change could be discussed, \u2022\ufffd formation of online networks, which are almost similar to online blogging but differ in the sense that there is a possibility for physical contact and face-to-face discussions, \u2022\ufffd using graphical images to pass climate change information, \u2022\ufffd eco-tournaments \u2013 using sporting events (athletics, football, etc) to raise awareness \u2022\ufffd encouraging individual voluntarism in raising awareness, and \u2022\ufffd involving the corporate sector, especially the mobile telephone industry e.g."


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"a) Research institutions and universities will play a key role in research, education, capacity building and establishment of centres for excellence on clean technology, climate financing and emissions trading. b) Civil society will play an important role in awareness creation, monitoring and oversight, and will be encouraged to access climate finance to implement low carbon and climate resilient initiatives. c) The private sector will play a critical role in implementing actions and investing in low carbon climate resilient technologies."


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"accountability \u2022\ufffd Establishment and operationalize oversight and accountability guidelines \u2022\ufffd Roll out guideline for use by the counties \u2022\ufffd Support use of the guidelines by the counties (MALF, MENR, MWI, KENAS) \u2022\ufffd Participate in the development of national guidelines \u2022\ufffd Domesticate guidelines for use \u2022\ufffd Implement the use of guidelines (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Livestock, Irrigation, Fisheries, and Environment) \u2022\ufffd Use guidelines \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance (NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, Development Partners, private sector) MT (c) Build physical, human and operational capacities for enforcement at National and County levels \u2022\ufffd No and type of infrastructure \u2022\ufffd No and cadre of personnel recruited / trained \u2022\ufffd Amount of funds allocated and used \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Availing of infrastructure \u2022\ufffd Recruitment and Deployment for national CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Induction \u2022\ufffd Carry out training (MALF, MENR, MWI) \u2022\ufffd Avail land \u2022\ufffd Support maintenance of infrastructure \u2022\ufffd Participate in training \u2022\ufffd Support through availing operational resources (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Land, Livestock, Irrigation, Fisheries, and Environment) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Machines and equipment \u2022\ufffd Recruitment \u2022\ufffd Carry out training \u2022\ufffd Participate in training \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance (Development partners, private sector, CBO, NGOs, academic institutions) ST/LT (d) Develop incentive mechanisms for promotion of CSA best practice"


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"affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and the elderly 11.6 - By 2030, reduce adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age, persons with disabilities Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted) Bio-ethanol for transportation Goal 7 - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all 7.2 - By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption Source: United Nations (2017)."


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"aloe-vera, neem, and mangrove trees as alternative sources of income \u2022\ufffd Disburse\ufffd grants\ufffd to\ufffd self\ufffd help\ufffd groups\ufffd in\ufffd support of environmental conservation projects such as tree nursery develop- ment, afforestation, riverbank protec- tion, construction/ installation  of  rain water harvesting tanks Mass tree planting countrywide under the theme \u201cPlanting Our Future\u201d using \u201cGroasis Water Box\u201d technology to en- hance tree survival especially in arid and semi-arid regions \u201cTrees for Jobs\u201d Programme as a way of creating employment for the youth and involves planting and nurturing of seed- lings to full growth and paying the youth Mass clean-ups in both village and urban centres, with the aim of achieving proper Min."


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"aloe-vera, neem, and mangrove trees, - provide food rations to the hungry at times of need (during drought and flood disasters), - disburse grants to self-help groups in support of environmental conserva- tion projects such as tree nurseries development, afforestation, riverbank protection, construction/ installation of rain water harvesting tanks, spring protection, - train gender focal points, women and men self-help groups in rural areas and urban poor in environmental manage- ment, and - disseminate climate change informa- tion in local language through the use of field-based gender officers, women groups, Participatory Education The- atre (PET) and music groups. 4.1.9 Physical Infrastructure Kenya\u2019s infrastructure continues to be built based on the assumption that the climate will remain unchanged in the future."


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\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u2022\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u2022\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Pathway to a low carbon, resource efficient and inclusive economic and social transformation \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 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"and adaptive innovation processes within developing countries facilitate the diffusion and development of technologies.49 This requires sufficient innovation capabilities amongst developing country firms, universities and research institutes, and appropriate links with public sector actors including production This sufficient innovation capability amongst developing countries could be realised through: \u2022\ufffd providing an opportunity for competent personnel to train others on new technolo- gies, and encouraging local and regional institutional partnerships in technology development and transfer. Local academic and research institutions are already un- dertaking this."


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"and an awareness campaign among large-scale energy users; \u00a7\ufffd To support existing efforts to establish a \u2018one-stop shop\u2019 under the Energy Regulatory Commission to expedite the process of acquiring permits and licenses needed for renewable energy investments."


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"and area of degraded sites \u2022\ufffd Profiling of degraded areas and degradation hotspots \u2022\ufffd Support restoration of degraded areas (MALF, KALRO-KSS, RCMRD) \u2022\ufffd Build capacity of communities \u2022\ufffd Restoration of degraded areas and soil biodiversity (Departments responsible for  Agriculture, Livestock, Environment and Natural Resources,  Irrigation) \u2022\ufffd Build capacity of communities \u2022\ufffd Restoration of degraded areas and soil biodiversity (NGOs, Research Institutions, Development partners) ST/LT (d) Develop and implement programmes and projects on sustainable management and use of natural resources including alternative livelihoods (e.g."


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"and blue economy; e Institutional strengthening of the CCD, the Climate Change Units and related institutions across sectors and counties as well as non-state actor institutions; and \u00a9 Strengthening tools for adaptation monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) at the national and county levels, including non-state actors."


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"and credit lines  P40: Promote gender responsive technologies and innovations in the private sector, through financing  capacity building and start-up services P41: Consolidate successful technologies and develop a transfer strategy to women, youth and other  vulnerable populations Private Sector P42:Mobilize financial resources from capital markets and other financial instruments for green investments and implementation of the Green Business Agenda  P43: Eco-label industrial products to promote green procurement especially by public procurement Jagencies P44:Climate-proof waste management infrastructure for waste management facilities in SEZ (effluent  treatment plants)  P45:Increase the number of companies participating in efficient water-use initiatives Devolution P46: Develop and adopt county adaptation guidelines for integration in CIDPs  P47: Build the capacities of County CCUs on adaptation  P48: Conducting vulnerability and risk assessments in counties  P49: Develop county adaptation plans for the counties with CCCFs  Adaptation M&E PSO: Refine and operationalise the adaptation M&E system at national and county levels  system  4."


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"and dissemination systems_22 Sub-component 1.8: Strengthening institutional capacities______________________________22 Component 2: Agricultural productivity and integration of value chain approach_____________22 vii Sub-component 2.1: Access to and use of adaptive technologies_________________________23 Sub-Component 2.3: Value addition and products development__________________________25 Sub-component 2:4: Competitiveness and markets access for climate smart products_________25 Sub-component 2.5: Food and Feed storage and distribution____________________________26 Component 3: Building resilience and appropriate mitigation actions______________________27 Sub-component 3.1: Soil health and land degradation__________________________________27 Sub-component 3.2: Water and other natural resources_________________________________28 Sub-component 3.3: Insurance and other safety nets___________________________________28 Sub-component 3.4: Synergies in adaptation and mitigation______________________________29 Component 4: Communication systems on CSA extension and agro-weather issues___________30 Sub-component 4.1: CSA knowledge generation and dissemination_______________________30 Sub-component 4.2: Extension on climate information services and agro-weather advisories___31 CHAPTER FOUR: COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM_______________________________________________33 Intergovernmental Forum on Agriculture (IGF)______________________________________33 The Joint Agriculture Sector Steering Committee (JASSCOM)___________________________33 Joint Agriculture Sector Technical Working Groups (JAS-TWGs)_______________________33 Climate Change Units (CCUs)_____________________________________________________34 Linkages and Partnerships with other Key Actors______________________________________34 Implementation of KCSAIF_____________________________________________________34 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting_____________________________________________35 Kenya CSA Implementation Framework Result-Based Log Frame________________________39 Ten year KCSAIF investment plan and budget (2018-2027)_____________________________59 Team of Experts involved in development of the KCSAIF 2018-2027_______________________60 List participants of the National Consultative Workshop held at the Laico Regency Hotel, Nairobi List of"


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"and its devt. partners Accelerated development of green energy (solar, wind, renewable biomass, etc) by the private sector Provision of efficient (fluorescent) bulbs to domestic consumers Water catchments protection programmes e.g. afforestation Provision of improved jikos Promotion of low-end solar devices in- cluding solar drip irrigation, solar water heating, etc Development of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system Development of Light Rail Road maintenance GDC, KENGEN, Min. of Energy, devt. partners IPPs GDC, KENGEN, Min. of Energy, devt. partners IPPs Min."


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"and stakeholders participation  10.4.1 Article 10 of the Constitution identifies public participation as a binding national value during the implementation of any public policy or decision, or in the making or implementation of any law. The Government therefore recognizes the importance of building and sustaining partnerships with the Kenyan public, at all levels of society, to ensure a collective national ownership of climate change responses. 10.4.2 The Government will continue to play the lead role in the strategic planning and management of climate change responses."


id: ee755241800cb4f8a74cc656556d9722
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"and type of  CSA adaptive technologies for crops  developed and piloted 2.1.1.3: No of Public Private Partnerships involved in promotion of improved CSA adaptive technologies for crops. \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Sectors reports \u2022 Research Publications \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Adoption of improved adaptive technologies by value chain actors \u2022 Partnerships will be effective Output 2.1.2. Adoption of improved adaptive technologies for livestock enterprises enhanced 2.1.2.1: No. and type of improved CSA adaptive technologies for livestock enterprises in use 2.1.2.2: No."


id: b2c756158239588b67bc6fdd7ffa031f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"and type of CSA practices packaged and disseminated \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Knowledge documents \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Existence of strong stakeholder linkages Output 4.1.4: CSA knowledge products for multimedia and training produced, packaged, updated and communicated 4.1.4.1: No. and type of multimedia CSA knowledge products 4.1.4.2: No. and type of CSA knowledge training  packages \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 CSA knowledge packages \u2022 Multimedia and training institutions will support CSA knowledge 4.1.4.3: No."


id: a130959116cd321585af5757ab66a790
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"and type of CSA relevant institutions with improved capacity \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Institutions reports \u2022 Training reports \u2022 Procurement plans and reports \u2022 Stakeholders not adhering to policies and legislations\f NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Outcome 2.1: Access to and use of adaptive technologies enhanced Output 2.1.1. Adoption of improved adaptive technologies for crops enhanced 2.1.1.1: No. and type of CSA adaptive technologies for crops in use 2.1.1.2: No."


id: 73792b8bce03068f67e97205b0727dc7
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"and type of CSA research innovations  funded by partners \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Partner funding  reports \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Adequate funding will be availed for CSA research innovations and development by partners Sub-Outcome 1.6: Appropriate CSA policies, strategies and regulations reviewed, developed and rolled out Appropriate climate smart policies, strategies and regulations developed, reviewed and implemented. 1.6.1.1: No and types of CSA polices, strategies and regulations prepared and rolled out 1.6.1.2: No and types of CSA implementation frameworks developed and in use \u2022 Policies, strategies and regulations documents \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Policies, strategies and regulations passed by relevant authorities at the national and county levels in good time."


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"and type of CSA technologies packages disseminated to actors at all levels \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Operational  CSA Research/Extension linkages in place Output 1.4.2: Market- led CSA adaptive research and participatory extension programmes enhanced 1.4.2.1: No. and types of functional market-led, adaptive CSA research along the value chain 1.4.2.2: No. of issues-based CSA adaptive research 1.4.2.3: No. and types of appropriate adaptive CSA technological packages developed 1.4.2.4: No."


id: c2d5f1c653afe8d59a93f4980fd97c5f
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"and type of CSA value addition technologies in use 2.3.1.3: No. and type of suitable non\u2013 traditional export product \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Value chain actors will support CSA value addition innovation, development and commercialization. Output 2.3.2: Suitable value chains in each agro-ecological zone selected and developed 2.3.2.1: No. and type of suitable pilot value chains for identified 2.3.2.2: No. and type of actors along selected suitable value chains 2.3.2.3: No."


id: a0c44d67d36c6d5688340cd1c513b71d
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"and type of actors generating CSA knowledge and innovations \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Innovation reports \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Funds for climate smart agriculture research will be available. CSA knowledge and information management systems at all levels established 4.1.2.1: Functional national, county and community CSA knowledge and information management systems 4.1.2.2: No."


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"and type of actors involved in CSA knowledge products production, packaging, updating and communication Output 4.1.5: CSA knowledge networks and partnerships strengthened 4.1.5.1: Mechanism for strengthening CSA knowledge and information sharing 4.1.5.2: Type of CSA information sharing technology tools 4.1.5.3: No. and type of CSA knowledge partnerships 4.1.5.4: No."


id: ea2415077b7b341ed3cd7a075787c9e4
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"and type of actors involved in provision of climate smart innovative index-based insurance 3.3.1.3: No. and type of value chain actors using climate smart innovative index-based insurance \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Insurance packages for all value chain are availed Output 3.3.2: CSA safety nets enhanced 3.3.2.1: Mechanism for climate smart safety nets management 3.3.1.2: No. and type of CSA safety net services 3.3.1.3: No."


id: f0687d04b7f9579c58d9d2a83afd114d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"and type of actors using CSA knowledge and information management systems \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 System manuals \u2022 KIM  System \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 National and county policies support acquisition, storage and sharing of CSA knowledge and information\f NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Output 4.1.3: Best CSA practices documented, packaged and disseminated 4.1.3.1: No. and type of participatory trials and demos for CSA practices 4.1.3.2: No. and type of CSA practices documented 4.1.3.3: No."


id: a93471fd812038e8456f42a7b004c77d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"and type of actors using CSA safety net services \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Stakeholders not adhering to the safety nets mechanism\f55 NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Outcome 3.4: Synergies in adaptation and mitigation promoted Output 3.4.1: GHG emissions intensity from the agriculture sector reduced without compromising productivity 3.4.1.1: No. and type of adaptive technologies that minimize GHG emission and enhance carbon sequestration 3.4.1.2: No."


id: 7c9d794948013ab08580e2f4c2b34b15
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"and type of actors using resilience building adaptation technologies that have mitigation as co-benefits \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Resilience building technologies with mitigation as co-benefits are available. Outcome 4.1: CSA knowledge generation and dissemination enhanced Output 4.1.1: CSA knowledge and innovations along the value chain generated 4.1.1.1: No. and type of CSA knowledge and  innovations generated 4.1.1.2: No."


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"and type of agroforestry practices integrated in watershed management plans 3.2.2.3: No. and type of climate smart soil and water conservation measures integrated in watershed management plans 3.2.2.4: No. and type of climate smart biodiversity conservation measures integrated in watershed management plans 3.2.2.4: No. and type of climate smart PPPs supporting climate smart integrated watershed management 3.2.2.5: No. and type of climate smart rangeland management practices integrated in the watershed management plans 3.2.2.6: No. and type of business plans for watershed management plans 3.2.2.7: No."


id: 7ed2560de3c02b8cbe14a3681633bde1
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"and type of appropriate climate smart weather services and products 4.2.1.3: Pre-season agro weather advisories integrated into extension service systems approaches 4.2.1.4: No. and type of actors using agro-weather products 4.2.1.5: Monitoring system for in- season and post-season agro- weather review \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Downscaled weather reports \u2022 Agro-weather advisories \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Availability of precise  downscaled weather information Output 4.2.2: Early warning systems and contingency plans for climate change response strengthened 4.2.2.1: Functional early warning systems 4.2.2.2: No."


id: c1c8b0998d225dd62a007bc76910ee2f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"and type of climate smart storage facilities and technologies in use \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Availability of climate smart post- harvest technologies \u2022 Value chain actors have skills in post- harvest technologies\f51 NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Output 2.5.2: Private sector storage capacity for agricultural products enhanced 2.5.2.1: Private sector storage capacity for agricultural produce/products 2.5.2.2: Type of warehousing receipt systems in place 2.5.2.3: No."


id: 2452e0824387f66b195418e74b0d3435
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"and type of disaster and climate risk preparedness and mitigation practices for the most vulnerable livelihood 4.2.3.2: No. and type of most vulnerable groups adopting disaster and climate risk preparedness and mitigation practices \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Stakeholders to prioritize the most vulnerable groupings Output 4.2.4: Adoption of improved CSA technologies and practices by value chain enhanced 4.2.4.1: No. and type of improved CSA technologies and practices 4.2.4.2: No."


id: fc34910b40d8829ac85382579cc51c9c
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"and type of farmers\u2019 organizations supporting climate smart integrated soil and water management technologies \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Climate smart integrated soil and water management technologies  are available Sustainable land management and rehabilitation of degraded lands enhanced 3.1.2.1: Mechanisms for addressing land management and rehabilitation of degraded lands 3.1.2.2: No."


id: 71d5ba8a5dc1fc7bf46b6ca62dab3e7e
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"and type of improved CSA adaptive technologies developed and piloted for livestock enterprises 2.1.2.3: No of Public Private Partnerships involved in promotion of improved CSA adaptive technologies for livestock enterprises \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Sectors reports \u2022 Research publications \u2022 M&E reports Output 2.1.3. Adoption of improved adaptive technologies for capture and culture fish enhanced 2.1.3.1: No. and type of improved CSA adaptive fish technologies in use 2.1.3.2: No. and type of improved CSA adaptive fish technologies developed and  piloted 2.1.3.3: No."


id: c1aabf005a3f933820bfdd9440841bc3
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"and type of improved CSA technologies and practices \u2022 Research output reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Demand for market-led , issue based CSA adaptive research\f47 NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Outcome1.5: CSA research funding improved Output 1.5.1: Research funding for CSA innovations increased 1.5.1.1: Proportion of budget of agricultural sector allocated to CSA research 1.5.1.2: No."


id: 808f68f7e7b977f6aca3a82553106254
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"and type of information packages disseminated \u2022\ufffd Packaging of information \u2022\ufffd Dissemination of information (MALF, MENR KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, KBS) \u2022\ufffd Packaging of information (including translation into local languages) \u2022\ufffd Dissemination of information (including using locally appropriate methods, and translation into local languages) (Departments responsible for Environment,  Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance \u2022\ufffd Packaging of information (including translation into local languages) \u2022\ufffd Dissemination of information (including using locally appropriate methods, and translation into local languages) (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, Media, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT Sub Total Addressing Cross-cutting Issues that Adversely Impact CSA GRAND TOTAL\f| Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy |"


id: 49990169d38e25256ce1de678f4eaf1e
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"and type of infrastructure \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Availing of infrastructure (KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, MALF, MENR, NACOSTI, CCC, TNT) \u2022\ufffd Avail land \u2022\ufffd support maintenance of infrastructure (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Land Livestock, Fisheries, Environment) \u2022\ufffd Technical support \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Machines and equipment (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT (b) Provide adequate skilled research personnel for CSA Research \u2022\ufffd No and cadre of CSA research personnel recruited \u2022\ufffd No and type of research skills imparted \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Recruitment and deployment for national CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Induction \u2022\ufffd Carry out training (KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, MALF, MENR, NACOSTI, CCC, TNT, MDP) \u2022\ufffd Participate in training (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Land Livestock, Fisheries, Environment) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Recruitment \u2022\ufffd Carry out training \u2022\ufffd Participate in training \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance (Development partners, private sector, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT (c) Increasing operational resources for CSA research \u2022\ufffd Amount of funds allocated and used \u2022\ufffd Funding (KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, MALF, MENR, NACOSTI, CCC, TNT, MDP) \u2022\ufffd Fund research on county specific issues \u2022\ufffd Support through availing operational resources (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Land Livestock, Fisheries, Environment) \u2022\ufffd Funding (Development partners, private sector, CBO, NGOs, academic"


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"and type of initiatives on land management and rehabilitation of degraded lands 3.1.2.3: Area of degraded land rehabilitated \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Willingness and active participation of stakeholders in land management and rehabilitation of degraded lands Outcome 3.2: Water and other natural resources conserved Output 3.2.1: Water and other natural resources conserved 3.2.1.1: No. and type of climate smart water conservation measures in place 3.2.1.2: No. and type of climate smart forests/ecosystem conservation measures 3.2.1.3: No."


id: 39ccfb7366f2d3bb4e890f8557366c7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"and type of non-traditional livelihood opportunities linked to the integrated in the watershed management plans \u2022 Watershed management plans \u2022 Ecosystem management plans \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Stakeholders adopt integrate watershed management plans\f NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Production of freshwater aquaculture, marine fisheries and inland fisheries from rivers and lakes increased 3.2.3.1: Quantity of capture fish produced by type 3.2.3.2: No."


id: e9645852d92e68e9727002db9492db8a
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"and type of producers linked to warehousing receipt system 2.5.2.4: No. and type of warehouse receipting service providers 2.5.2.5: Proportion of storage facilities using green energy \u2022 Public and private Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Capacity of private sector to invest in storage facilities \u2022 Availability of climate smart storage facilities Communities and household capacity to store agricultural produce enhanced 2.5.3.1: No. of households sustainably storing agricultural produce 2.5.3.2: No. and type of communities adopting climate smart storage facilities 2.5.3.3: No."


id: f9c5f7cfeb893c43cf354e40de052573
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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vector_id: 8285
content:
"and type of products from the selected suitable value chains \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Labeled products \u2022 Actors will cooperate in the development of suitable value chains\f NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Outcome 2.4: Competitiveness and markets access for climate smart produce/ products enhanced Output 2.4.1: Marketed climate smart commodities 2.4.1.1: Quantity and value of climate smart products marketed 2.4.1.2: No. and types of producers marketing climate smart products 2.4.1.3: No."


id: 662a3186b163ec2012c65183505a9439
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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vector_id: 3011
content:
"and type of public-private- partnerships for CSA knowledge management in place \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Partnership platforms \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Willingness by partners to collaborate in CSA knowledge and information sharing\f57 NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Outcome 4.2: Extension on climate information services and agro-weather advisories enhanced Output 4.2.1: Delivery of extension services on climate smart information and agro- weather advisories enhanced 4.2.1.1: Mechanism for downscaling forecasted weather to various localities 4.2.1.2: No."


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"and type of smallholder producers adopting grading and standardization systems 2.4.3.3: Functional CSA commodities traceability mechanism in place \u2022 Grading and standardization manuals \u2022 Traceability guidelines \u2022 Market survey reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Compliance certificates \u2022 Grading and standardization systems are enforced."


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created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 769
content:
"and type of value chain actors adopting climate smart water and forests/ecosystem conservation measures \u2022 Water resources management plans \u2022 Forest/Ecosystem management plans \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Climate smart water and natural resources conservation technologies are availed\f53 NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Integration of climate smart practices in conservation and rehabilitation of water catchment areas enhanced 3.2.2.1: Mechanisms for climate smart integrated  watershed management 3.2.2.2: No."


id: b87dba50c01b7aca83bfbe0ea40b5f61
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"and type of value chain actors adopting improved CSA technologies and practices \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Affordability of CSA technologies and practices 59 Component/Sub-component Total Budget (Billions KSh.) 1.0 Institutional Coordination 1.1:Inter-Ministerial and County Government Coordination 1.2:Partnerships with private sector and civil society organizations 1.3:Programmatic Coordination with Development Partners 1.4: Research-Extension Liaison framework 1.5: CSA research funding improved 1.6:Appropriate CSA policies, strategies and regulations reviewed, prepared and rolled out 1.7:CSA data collection, information management and dissemination systems supported 1.8:Capacities for institutions relevant to CSA at all levels strengthened Sub-total 2.0 Agricultural Productivity and Socially Inclusive Value Chain Integration 2.1:Access to and use of adaptive technologies enhanced 2.2:Area under efficient irrigation increased 2.3:New products developed and value addition of commodities enhanced 2.4:Competitiveness and markets access for climate smart produce/ products enhanced 2.5:Food and feed storage and distribution improved Sub-total 3.0 Enhancing Resilience and Associated Mitigation Co-benefits 3.1:Soil health improved and degraded lands rehabilitated 3.2:Water and other natural resources conserved 3.3:Insurance and other safety nets enhanced 3.4:Synergies in adaptation and mitigation enhanced Sub-total 4.0 Communication Systems"


id: ac4473f786cb249baa1b4348a53bc4b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"and type of value chain actors practicing climate smart capture fisheries management practices 3.2.3.3: No. of fisher folks adopting climate smart stock and fishing management practices 3.1.2.4: No. of climate smart fish breeding sites \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Availability of climate smart capture and aquaculture management technologies Outcome 3.3: Insurance and other safety nets enhanced Output 3.3.1: Crop, livestock and fisheries innovative index-based insurance increased 3.3.1.1: No. and type of climate smart innovative index-based insurance in use 3.3.1.2: No."


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"and type of value chain actors using adaptive technologies that minimize GHG emission and enhance carbon sequestration \u2022 Sector MRV reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Availability of carbon accounting and measurement, reporting and verification expertise 3.4.1.3: Agriculture sector carbon accounting and measurement, reporting and verification system in place Output 3.4.2. Resilience building adaptation technologies that have mitigation as co-benefits promoted 3.4.2.1: No. and type of resilience building adaptation technologies with  mitigation as co-benefits 3.4.22: No."


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"and types of CSA producers with functional market linkages \u2022 Market survey reports \u2022 Marketing contracts \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Market stability Output 2.4.2: Export of non-traditional agricultural commodities by producers increased 2.4.2.1: Quantity and value of non- traditional CSA products exported by producers 2.4.2.2: No. and type of producers exporting non-traditional CSA products 2.4.2.3: No."


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"and types of climate smart storage facilities at household and community level \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Climate smart storage technologies are available Output 2.5.4: Strategic food reserve expanded to include appropriate agricultural products and strategic feed/ grazing reserves established 2.5.4.1. Strategic reserve capacity for climate smart agricultural products 2.5.4.2. Amount and type of strategic food reserves 2.5.4.3."


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"and types of functional CSA partnerships \u2022 Partnership agreements/ MoUs \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 A functional partnership platform exist \u2022 Provide funding for CSA partnership activities Outcome 1.3: Programmatic Coordination with Development Partners strengthened Coordination and Collaboration between National / County Governments and Development Partners strengthened 1.3.1.1: Joint National / County Governments -Development Partners on CSA programming mechanism 1.3.1.2: No. and types of partnerships between national, counties and development partners 1.3.1.3: No."


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"and types of producers exporting non-traditional CSA products with functional market linkages \u2022 Market survey reports \u2022 Marketing contracts \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Smallholder producers have access to export markets for non-traditional CSA products Output 2.4.3: Grading and standardization systems for CSA commodities developed 2.4.3.1: Functional grading and standardization systems for CSA commodities in place 2.4.3.2: No."


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"and types of trainings conducted \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Carry out training (MALF, MENR KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, KBS) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Carry out training \u2022\ufffd Participate in training \u2022\ufffd (Departments responsible for Environment,  Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, County Public Service Boards) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Carry out training \u2022\ufffd Participate in training \u2022\ufffd \u2022Technical assistance (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT\f |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority Timeline (ST <3 yrs; MT 3-6 yrs Budget (Billions in  KSh) National Government Other Stakeholders (iii) Promote data management and information generation and dissemination (a) Data collection, analysis and information generation \u2022\ufffd No."


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"and types of trainings conducted \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Carry out training (MALF, MENR) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Carry out training \u2022\ufffd Participate in training (Departments responsible for Environment,  Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, County Public Service Boards) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Carry out training \u2022\ufffd Participate in training \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT (c) Mainstreaming CSA into training curricula of basic education and tertiary training institutions \u2022\ufffd No."


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"appropriate biotechnologies, bio-pesticides, and soil management techniques, \u2022\ufffd cost effective early warning systems, \u2022\ufffd low-end energy systems including afford- able solar lighting systems, \u2022\ufffd waste management technologies (re- cycling, re-use including as an energy source), \u2022\ufffd water resource protection and harvesting, and \u2022\ufffd water purification systems. 7.2.5 Development Partners\u2019 Initiatives To help developing countries meet their sustainable development needs, certain developed countries have established funding facilities to facilitate the transfer of their advanced technologies to low-income economies."


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"as well as Vision 2030, \u2022\ufffd establish and maintain a project database and keep track of emerging, proposed and approved CDM and other emissions reduc- tion projects, and \u2022\ufffd strictly monitor, account for and report to the M&E division on CDM activities, their success and challenges."


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"assessment, documentation and dissemination of necessary information to stakeholders Environment Strengthening the capacity of national and county institutions responsible for climate change coordination; climate-related data and information collection, processing, and management; including the National Implementing Entity; among others."


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"assistance (Development partners, private sector, CBO, NGOs, academic institutions) ST/LT (d) Develop incentive mechanisms for promotion of CSA best practice \u2022\ufffd No."


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"at all ages 3.9 - By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services) Source: United Nations (2017)."


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"availing operational resources (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Land Livestock, Fisheries, Environment) \u2022\ufffd Funding (Development partners, private sector, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) LT/ST (ii) Improve coordination of CSA research, innovation and knowledge generation (a) Promote public private partnerships in CSA research and technologies / innovations development \u2022\ufffd No of institutions with working partnerships \u2022\ufffd No of collaborative technologies / innovations \u2022\ufffd Policy guidance \u2022\ufffd Institutional framework for coordinating CSA PPP activities \u2022\ufffd Establish networks and partnerships (MALF,KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, MENR, TNT, NACOSTI, CCC, KIRDI) \u2022\ufffd Institutional framework for coordinating CSA PPP activities \u2022\ufffd Establish networks for PPP \u2022\ufffd (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Finance) \u2022\ufffd Establish networks and partnerships \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Lobby government \u2022\ufffd Technical Assistance (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KCIC, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT (b) Mechanisms for prioritization of CSA research needs \u2022\ufffd No."


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"b) Develop a climate investment framework linked to Kenya\u2019s NDC that clearly highlights reforms needed to create the enabling conditions and sets out priority investment opportunities to transition Kenya to a low-carbon climate resilient economy. c) Facilitate accelerated analysis and prioritisation of bankable projects and programmes in key sectors, including Agriculture, Water, Forestry, Energy, Industry, Transport and Drought Management. d) Develop and improve the portfolio of projects eligible for consideration by actors providing climate finance."


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"b) REDD, Land-Use and Land-Use Change Division This division will be in charge of all activities related to REDD, REDD+, Land Use and Land Use Change, and will: \u2022\ufffd develop monitoring, reporting and verifi- cation (MRV) institutional arrangements \u2013 clear credible national forest monitoring baselines and guidelines, \u2022\ufffd offer options to fill the historical data gaps on forest cover, \u2022\ufffd address the risk of non-permanence and leakage as a necessary condition for any Parties or entities to participate in a REDD mechanism and activities, \u2022\ufffd facilitate fundraising for financial support, technology transfer and provisions for ca- pacity building, and \u2022\ufffd recommend joint action involving both the public and private sectors in order to mo- bilise the necessary finance and accelerate REDD actions."


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"b) The Ministry in charge of agriculture shall provide support on all matters related to agriculture, livestock and fisheries within this Policy. c) The Council of Governors shall be the primary conduit for all matters of climate finance for the counties. d) County governments shall consider climate finance in their efforts to mainstream climate change in County Integrated Development Plans, taking into account national and county priorities."


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"brt system implementation in nairobi A significant shift of private transport in Nairobi to BRT assumes that the mass transit system is implemented, with BRT as the dominant mode of public transport complimented by some minimal use of LRT services. The low-carbon scenario assumes a moderate level of level of BRT infrastructure in place by 2018."


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"buildings that use as much natural light as possible while avoiding direct solar heating that would otherwise necessitate air conditioning. Although emissions from the agricultural sector in Kenya are quite low and are considered to be \u2018survival emissions\u2019, some mitigation actions in this sector are also adaptation measures and should be promoted as a matter of priority."


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"by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."


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"by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. Climate resilient: Represents efforts undertaken to integrate the challenges posed by climate change and its impacts on agricultural systems."


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"by: - monitoring regeneration and growth of natural forests - developing and demonstrating methods of natural forest rehabilitation A Jatropha curcas plant from whose seeds biodiesel can be extracted. Research studies to support the sustainability of biofuels, especially those fol- lowing a life cycle approach such as life cycle assessment (LCA), should be promoted."


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"c) Communications, Education and Awareness Division In order to increase climate change awareness in Kenya, a climate change Communications, Education and Awareness division shall be created within the Programmes Office with the following functions: \u2022\ufffd set communication goals including com- munity empowerment on mitigation and adaptation measures, \u2022\ufffd develop and implement a programme for communication of information on climate change, with plans and appropriate proce- dures for communication, \u2022\ufffd develop tools for effective outreach, training and capacity building on climate change, \u2022\ufffd collaborate with learning and training institutions and civil society organisations to disseminate climate change informa- tion, \u2022\ufffd simplify climate change terminology for ease of communication and local under- standing, \u2022\ufffd collaborate with media houses to dissemi- nate information on climate change, and \u2022\ufffd promote and cooperate in education, training and public awareness on climate change matters, encouraging the widest participation in this process."


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"c) Provide adequate budgetary pre-event preparation, event and post-event support of the Kenyan team that participates in international negotiations and discussions on climate finance and other aspects of climate change.  MONITORING AND EVALUATION The National Treasury shall be responsible for monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and shall develop a continuous programme for M&E of the Policy."


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"c) Supported by the climate finance mechanism (Climate Change Fund), foster scale up of climate finance through targeted strategic partnerships with bilateral and multilateral partners. d) Encourage \u201cdirect access\u201d to climate funds through awareness raising and capacity building to improve fiduciary standards, project management and environmental and social safeguards within priority institutions e) Develop robust and flexible public financial instruments to support and leverage private sector investments in low carbon and climate resilient activities."


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"c) With the support of the climate finance mechanism (Climate Change Fund), establish a climate finance tracking system, including development of required subsidiary legislation, taking into account international best practices and the Paris Transparency Framework requirements."


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"c) Work with the National Climate Change Council and the ministry responsible for climate change affairs to develop regulations for duties relating to climate change, within the legal framework established in the Climate Change Act, 2016. d) Foster strong national and county financial systems for climate finance building upon principles of the Public Finance Management Act, 2012 (as Amended 2014) while identifying and coding climate change expenditure within the national budget to aid in transparency and accountability of climate finance."


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"c)\ufffd Sustainable\ufffdintensification\ufffdof\ufffdcrop,\ufffdforage,\ufffdagroforestry,\ufffdlivestock\ufffdand\ufffdfisheries\ufffdproduction.\ufffd d)\ufffd Adaptation\ufffd and\ufffd mitigation\ufffd practices\ufffd in\ufffd crops,\ufffd livestock,\ufffd agroforestry\ufffd and\ufffd fisheries\ufffd production\ufffd systems. e)\ufffd Efficient\ufffdmanagement\ufffdof\ufffdagricultural\ufffdcommodity\ufffdvalue\ufffdchains. f)\ufffd Identifying\ufffdopportunities\ufffdto\ufffdleverage\ufffdclimate\ufffdfinance\ufffdfor\ufffdCSA,\ufffdincluding\ufffdsocial\ufffdprotection\ufffdand\ufffdsafety\ufffd nets where economic models are not viable. g) Knowledge sharing and effective learning, strengthening key institutions and systems for CSA initiatives. h) Mainstreaming CSA elements into national policies and development planning process.\f17  CHAPTER THREE: Beekeeping enterprise; a good example for building resilience and income generation\f FRAMEWORK DESCRIPTION The KCSAIF is designed to address impacts of climate change challenges to agricultural growth and development."


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"capacity building requirements; provide adaptation M&E training for staff; and produce a proposal for further staff training, procurement of computer and data monitoring equipment, additional staff recruitment Status No action Lead Agency The lead agency will be a county government, to be determined in consultation with counties Partner Agency MENR, MODP Stakeholders Lead agency to identify stakeholders; support from county-level stakeholders will be essential Development Partners \u2013 status No action has been taken."


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"carbon tax or levy impositions on the air transport industry) on Kenya\u2019s tourism sector, and develop strategies to deal with such likely 4.1.8 Social Infrastructure and Human Settlements In Kenya, climate change will largely affect communities residing in poor urban neighbourhoods and those regions prone to drought, floods, geological movements (e.g. landslides)."


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"cassava, sweet potatoes, bananas, yams, arrow roots, etc.). \u2022 Promote safe and effective use of chemicals during storage. \u2022 Support rehabilitation of rangelands through reseeding community lands \u2022\ufffd Promote\ufffdthe\ufffdestablishment\ufffdof\ufffdmeat\ufffdand\ufffdfish\ufffdprocessing\ufffdplants\ufffdin\ufffdcounties\ufffdfor\ufffdlocal\ufffdand\ufffdexport\ufffd markets. \u2022 Support pasture establishment and management. \u2022 Support regular epidemiological studies on livestock diseases based on climate change trends."


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"circumstances le Kenya\u2019s contribution to total global emissions is less than 0.1% (in 2019), while the per-capita emissions are less than 2.06 MtCOzeq compared to the global average of 4.92 MtCOz.e @ This update builds on the initial NDC in which Kenya undertook to make a contribution that targeted a high proportion of its mitigation potential, and was dependent on the level of international support available. The contributions set through this Updated NDC therefore reflect an enhancement of ambition in the following two areas: a."


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"climate change action plan republic of kenya Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Developed with the support of the StARCK+ Climate Change Technical Assistance to the Government of Kenya programme Correct Citation: Government of Kenya (2017), Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Sector Analysis Report: The Evidence Base for Updating Kenya\u2019s National Climate Change Action Plan, Nairobi: Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources."


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"climate change-related migration leading to high population densities in urban centres and the likely spread of infectious diseases, \u2022\ufffd promote more research on epidemiology, laboratory science, infectious disease ecology of all diseases that are likely to become more prevalent with climate change, and \u2022\ufffd support Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) to engage in innovative research to produce vaccines against diseases such as malaria, cholera and others whose outbreaks will intensify with climate change."


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"climate resilient development; \u201cclimate change resilience\u201d means the capability to maintain competent function and return to some normal range of function even when faced with adverse impact of climate change; Short title."


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"commercial banks); and its governance structure would allow broad and equal representation from the government, civil society and the private sector leading to improved capacity of the Government to absorb international public climate finance. In this way, the Fund would have the potential to evolve to become the main recipient of multilateral and bilateral climate finance flows mobilised by Kenya."


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"construction of water pans Provision of farm inputs such as fertiliz- ers and environmental-friendly pesticides, e.g. through Govt. subsidies Promotion of conservation agriculture- Agroforestry, Soil and water conservation Financial and technical support to the Or- phan Crops Programme Enhanced agricultural research, including international collaborations Assessment of marine and inland water resources Evaluation of current land ocean interac- tions and their impact of their changes on fisheries resources KEMRI, Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min."


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"consumption in houses of people abandoning the drought area Adapted from: Williamson, L., Connor, H. and Moezzi, M. (2009), Climate-proofing energy systems."


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"contain non green house-gas components, information on assumptions and methodological approaches used in  relation to those components, as applicable  For climate forcers included in nationally determined | Not applicable. contributions not covered by IPCC guidelines, information on how the climate forcers are estimated  @  Further technical information, as unecessary Not applicable  (g)  The intention to use voluntary cooperation under Article | Kenya intends to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the 6 of the Paris Agreement, if applicable."


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"credit, grants, subsidies, import duty, support up-scaling of successful mechanisms. \u2022\ufffd Build\ufffdenabling\ufffdpolicy\ufffdenvironment\ufffdfor\ufffddevelopment\ufffdof\ufffdcrop,\ufffdlivestock,\ufffdfisheries,\ufffd insurance; develop framework for up-scaling successful insurance initiatives. \u2022\ufffd Build\ufffdon\ufffdexisting\ufffdmarket\ufffdaccess\ufffdimprovement\ufffdactivities\ufffdto\ufffdensure\ufffdKenyan\ufffdsmall- scale farmers can deliver crops at a fair price to market in the face of a variable and changing climate. \u2022\ufffd Strengthen\ufffd demand-driven\ufffd R&D\ufffd to\ufffd generate\ufffd climate\ufffd resilient\ufffd information,\ufffd technologies and methodologies."


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"cultivation of drought-tolerant crops such as millet), \u2022\ufffd the Government, liaising with relevant experts in range dynamics, should enhance the provision of good quality water for both livestock and humans. Construction of dams is recommended to cater for pastoralists\u2019 water needs during the dry spells, but only after due consideration of a particular region\u2019s geologic and hydrologic characteristics, and \u2022\ufffd awareness campaigns among the pastoralist communities on the importance of balancing stocking rates with the available land resources as a way of ensuring sustainable pastoralism."


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"d   World Resource Institute and UNDP  Page 6 of 19 UY\fREPUBLIC OF KENYA  MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY  For the update of the NDC, reference has been made to the technical analysis reports of the NCCAP 2018- 2022. The Mitigation Technical Analysis Report, the Adaptation Technical Analysis Report and the NIR 3 have been used as the starting point for the update analysis. The document review framework is summarised in Figure 1."


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"d) Adaptation Programmes Division Since adaptation is a priority concern of developing countries including Kenya, this division shall equally be of paramount importance not only to the Programmes Office but also to the country as a whole."


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"d) Agriculture Agriculture is the largest source of GHG emissions; it was responsible for one-third of Kenya\u2019s total emissions in 2010. Agricultural emissions are likely to increase from 20 MtCO2e in 2010 to 27 MtCO2e in 2030 (Figure 6.2; Chapter 3 of the Mitigation report includes the detailed analysis), largely driven by livestock methane emissions and land use change , which account for 90 per cent of agriculture emissions and 30 per cent of overall national emissions."


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"d) Prioritise and enhance the use of existing MRV processes, data collection and information management systems (such as the Integrated Financial Management Information System [IFMIS], National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System [NIMES] and Electronic Project Management Information System [E- ProMIS]) for completeness, transparency, comparability, accuracy and efficiency in regard to climate finance. e) Integrate the climate finance tracking system with performance, outcomes and benefits sharing and reporting."


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"d) The Inter-Ministerial Climate Finance Technical Advisory Committee, working as appropriate, with the climate finance mechanism (Climate Change Fund), shall\f offer advisory services to the Government, including the National Climate Council, on climate finance and the means to generate climate finance."


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"dams to improve car- rying capacity, water storage and water quality, \u2022\ufffd protecting and conserving water catchment areas, river- banks, and water bodies from degradation and contamination e.g."


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"decongesting roads, \u2022\ufffd encouraging non-motorised modes of transport (NMT) by creating bikeways and pedestrian walkways, \u2022\ufffd creating transport demand management measures that encourage or favour public transport and NMT,42 \u2022\ufffd creating a programme to phase out old and inefficient (high fuel-consuming) motor vehicles, while encouraging importation of efficient vehicles through tax incentives and other financial tools, An artist\u2019s impression of the Bangkok Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line."


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"departments and agencies MENR Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources MITI Mitigation MODP Ministry of Devolution and Planning MOEP Ministry of Energy and Petroleum MOTI Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development MRT Mass rapid transit MRV Measurement, reporting and verification Million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework MTP Medium Term Plan (of Vision 2030) MW Megawatt NAMA Nationally appropriate mitigation action A B B R E V I AT I O N S vii NaMATA Nairobi Metropolitan Area Transport Authority NAP National Adaptation Plan, 2015-2030 NCCAP National Climate Change Action Plan, 2013-2017 NCCRC National Climate Change Resource Centre NCCRS National Climate Change Response Strategy NDA National Designated Authority NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NDMA National Drought Management Authority NEMA National Environment Management Authority NIE National Implementing Entity NIMES National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System PBMF Performance and benefit measurement framework PoA Programme of Activities PV Photovoltaic REA Rural Electrification Authority REDD+ Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks SDG Sustainable Development Goal SLEEK System for Land-Based Emissions Estimation in Kenya SNC Second National Communication StARCK+ Strengthening Adaptation and Resilience to"


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"developement partners The NAP Global Network has profiled Kenya\u2019s planned MRV+ system. tracking-adaptation-finance/ NPBM 2: Climate change relevant data tracking and mapping Title Climate change relevant data tracking and mapping Action Type Enabling Timeframe Short term/Quick Win Sector All sectors Action Summary Both climate change mitigation and adaptation monitoring systems require detailed data from a very wide range of sources. The aim is to map data flows required for reporting on outcome-based indicators covering GHG inventory, mitigation, adaptation and synergies."


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"developement partners The StARCK+ project provided support to the NDMA and ADA Consortium to assist the Governments of Isiolo, Garissa, Kitui, Makueni and Wajir to establish county adaptation funds.  NPBM 9: Climate change relevant data repository Title Climate change relevant data repository Action Type Enabling Timeframe Short term/Quick Win Sector All sectors Action Summary Development of an on-line, geo-spatial data sharing system that will be a repository for the data sets and reports needed to quantify GHG emissions and measure adaptation outcomes."


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"developement partners UNDP provided support for the development of the indicators handbooks with funding from the Government of the United Kingdom through DFID. CDKN, which is funded by the Governments of the UK and the Netherlands, provided support to examine the mainstreaming process in Kenya. The Technical Assistance to the Government of Kenya (TA) Component of the UK-funded StARCK+ programme provided support to review mainstreaming of climate change in CIDPs, and to develop the climate change registry."


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"developement partners UNDP, with funding through the UK Government\u2019s DFID, supported the work of MODP to build capacity on climate change indicators and reporting at the county level. The USAID-funded, UNDP-managed LECRD project is supporting the development of the third GHG inventory and providing capacity building to build the required institutional processes in CCD. The Government of Germany is providing technical assistance to MOTIHUD for GHG emissions measurement and monitoring in the transport sector."


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"developing Project Idea Notes (PINs) and Project Design Documents (PDDs)); Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV); forest mapping, and participatory forest management, and - help communities develop alternative livelihoods (i.e. there is always an economic drive behind deforestation). Vulnerability Assessment, Impact Monitoring and Capacity Building\f\u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 Research, Technology Development, Absorption and Diffusion Research, Technology Development, Absorption and Diffusion\f7.0 Research, Technology Development,  Absorption and Diffusion Research produces improved local crop and livestock breeds with higher productivity and disease resistance."


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"developing a handbook for CDM Project Activities detailing the role of government and the UNFCCC, CDM cycle, types of projects, eligibility criteria, CDM transaction costs and how to sell Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), \u2022\ufffd need for a government-fronted manual that guides CDM implementation; this can be placed on a public website, as has been done by a number of countries including Tanzania, \u2022\ufffd strengthening relevant institutions such as the DNA and removing barriers to carbon trading such as high initial transaction costs and low level of awareness of CDM potential on the part of private sector, particularly investment and financial organisations, \u2022\ufffd providing tax incentives and favourable import tariffs on technology for projects that reduce emissions, \u2022\ufffd having clear energy pricing and CDM project policies including a general institutional framework and good governance, \u2022\ufffd ensuring that Kenya establishes itself as a cost-effective host country to GHG emission reduction projects, \u2022\ufffd designing a general ranking of the easiest and most viable project types to the most difficult and least viable (low hanging fruits first to build momentum), \u2022\ufffd creating a database"


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"development partners (a) Formulate proposals for joint programs and projects for CSA s with private, sector and development partners to enhance funding for CSA."


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"development partners CDKN, which is funded by the Governments of the UK and Netherlands, supported the KEPSA study on private sector- government engagement on climate change. Engagement.pdf FINA 9: Support the planned creation of a one-stop shop to expedite process of acquiring renewable energy permits and licenses Title FINA 9:  Support the planned creation of a one-stop shop to expedite process of acquiring renewable energy permits and licenses Action Type Enabling Timeframe Short term/Quick win Sector Public administration, finance Action Summary Support the planned creation of a one-stop shop where renewable energy firms (and in the future possibly firms in other low-carbon sectors) can acquire all the necessary permits and licenses to develop their projects."


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"development partners Long term: KenGen estimates that building 5,000 MW of geothermal capacity by 2030 will cost about US$ 18 billion. The Government has committed domestic budgetary allocations to geothermal development, and relied on loan and financing from international agencies."


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"development partners Support for clean cookstoves actions is provided by the Governments of Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Australia, United Kingdom, Switzerland and others. The ClimateCare cookstove programme was supported by the Government of the United Kingdom through the DFID-funded StARCK+ programme. Support for the short-term action, NAMA development, was provided by UNDP through the Low Emission Capacity Building Programme funded by the European Union and Government of Germany.   GLPGP \u2013 Kenya Market Assessment: Final Report, August 2013."


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"development partners The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is assisting MALF to develop an agricultural NAMA. Vi Agroforestry is a Swedish development cooperation non-governmental organization. Triple A is funded by Comart Foundation and the Coady International Institute (Canada)."


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"development partners The Kenya GCF Readiness Programme is supported by UNDP, UNEP, the Government of Germany, and the GCF Secretariat."


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"development partners The StARCK+ Technical Assistance to the Government of Kenya component, funded by the UK Government through DFID, provided support to develop the draft Climate Finance Policy.  assistance FINA 7: Support for a series of ongoing actions to improve the policy and regulatory framework for low-carbon investment Title Support a series of ongoing actions to improve the policy and regulatory framework for low-carbon investment Action Type Enabling Timeframe Short term/Quick win Sector Public administration, finance, energy Action Summary Support ongoing efforts by government institutions to improve the policy and regulatory environment for low-carbon investment Status In progress Lead Agency National Treasury Partner Agency MOEP, ERC Stakeholders Kenya Power, Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA), Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), KAM Centre for Energy Efficiency and Conservation, KEPSA status The Government of Kenya has introduced fiscal instruments to encourage update of sustainable energy and low-carbon investment, including: \u2022 0% import duties and Value-added Tax (VAT) exemption on renewable energy materials, equipment and accessories."


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"development partners The Technical Assistance to the Government of Kenya component of the StARCK+ programme funded by the UK Government through DFID provided support to identify priority regulations development under the Climate Change Act.  assistance EPRF 4: Establish a high-level national climate change council Title Establish a high-level national climate change council Action Type Enabling Timeframe Short term/Quick win Sector All sectors, national relevance Action Summary As part of broader institutional reform under a standalone Climate Change Law, a high-level National Climate Change Council should be established to play the primary coordination, legislative and policy direction, technical oversight and guidance role in relation to climate change response."


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"development partners The USAID-funded, UNDP-managed LECRD project is providing support for knowledge management and outreach.  KMCD 6: Integration of climate change into Kenya\u2019s education system Title Integration of climate change into Kenya\u2019s education system Action Type Enabling Timeframe Short term/Quick Win Sector Education Action Summary Target infusing climate change into education system at all levels to create awareness and produce skilled labour/ experts in climate change-related areas e.g."


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"development partners The USAID-funded, UNDP-managed LECRD project provided support to develop the curriculum for the Kenya School of Government and has provided support for solar installation training. The StARCK+ programme funded by the UK Government through DFID provided support through KAM and UNDP to develop training materials for installation of maintenance of solar PV systems."


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"development partners The Water Towers project is supported by the EU. GIZ supported water tower rehabilitation, Government of Finland supported the Miti Mingi Maisha Bora project, and the protected area network programme was supported by GEF and managed by UNDP. REDD+ readiness activities are supported by the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, United Nations Forum on REDD+, Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Clinton Climate Initiative. Forester, issue No. 20: October \u2013 December 2016. Forester, issue No."


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"development partners The process to develop the policy was supported by various partners including KAM; Kenya Climate Change Working Group through Trocaire and other funders; Technical Assistance to the Government of Kenya component of the StARCK+ programme funded by the UK Government through DFID; and the Low Emission Capacity Building Project funded by the European Union and Government of Germany and managed by UNDP."


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"dissemination \u2022\ufffd Capacity building (County Assembly, Departments of Agriculture, Irrigation, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry) \u2022\ufffd Extension service provision \u2022\ufffd Farmer sensitization \u2022\ufffd Funding (Private sector, NGOs, CBOs and FBOs) ST/LT (b) Promote post-harvest management, improved storage, distribution and market access \u2022\ufffd Number of post- harvest technologies promoted and adopted \u2022\ufffd Number of market information packages developed \u2022\ufffd Number of existing markets rehabilitated \u2022\ufffd Number of new markets constructed \u2022\ufffd Volume of marketed produce \u2022\ufffd Post-harvest technology development and packaging \u2022\ufffd Support development of agricultural markets \u2022\ufffd Infrastructure \u2022\ufffd International, Regional and National Market information and linkages \u2022\ufffd (MALF, KALRO, AFA, MITI, Universities) \u2022\ufffd Dissemination of postharvest technologies \u2022\ufffd Development of agricultural market infrastructure \u2022\ufffd Rehabilitation of existing markets \u2022\ufffd Market information and linkages (Departments responsible for agriculture, livestock, fisheries, forestry, irrigation, trade and infrastructure) \u2022\ufffd Provision of information on international, regional and national markets \u2022\ufffd Linkages with markets \u2022\ufffd Funding (Private sector, NGOs, CBOs and FBOs) LT |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority TimelineST MT 3-6 yrs LT > 6) Indicative Budget (Billions in KSh) National Government County Government Other Stakeholders Strategic Issue 2: Vulnerabilities due to extreme weather events Strategic goal:"


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"dykes, bulkheads, beach nourishment) and those areas to be left to adapt naturally, \u2022\ufffd establishing a biodiversity monitoring network to identify species that will be affected by climate change and those that could be used as biological indicators, \u2022\ufffd encouraging a coastal and watershed basin management approach linking land-use practices to marine and fisheries resource conservation, \u2022\ufffd establishing networks of marine protected regions, including small enclosures com- prising communities of species resilient to climate change impacts that serve as buffer zones as well as areas for seed regeneration, \u2022\ufffd implementing adaptive management of fishing capacity based on climate and environmental forecasts to particularly protect against extreme events, \u2022\ufffd conducting awareness campaigns on the impacts related to climate change amongst different stakeholders such as local com- munities, resource managers, and policy makers, \u2022\ufffd providing economic incentives to diversify livelihood options to reduce dependence on climate-sensitive marine resources, \u2022\ufffd strengthening co-management and com- munity-based management institutions and the ability to enforce restrictions, \u2022\ufffd developing financing mechanisms using non-consumptive options for supporting Sectoral Adaptation and Mitigation Interventions \u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019"


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"e) Develop laws and regulations for tracking climate finance mobilisation and application, in line with guidelines to comply with reporting requirements of the Paris Agreement on financial, technology transfer capacity building support received by developing countries. f) Develop new legislative instruments to govern the terms and type of involvement of entities in GHG emission reduction initiatives and carbon market initiatives. New instruments will be designed to facilitate GHG emission reduction initiatives and carbon market engagement."


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"e) Pursue project development under programmatic and other relevant schemes to help small-scale projects access investment funding. f) Develop mechanisms that encourage and facilitate inter-industry collaboration and co-financing of climate change projects.\f g) Establish a government-industry/financial sector roundtable to identify actions to encourage the implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions by the private sector."


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"e) Research, Early Warning and Disaster Management Division This division shall work in collaboration with other scientific agencies including the KMD. It will be responsible for all matters concerning climate change science and research."


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"e) The Ministry or agency that manages the National REDD+ Programme shall provide technical support on matters related to REDD+ climate finance. f) The agency responsible for drought management and disaster risk reduction shall ensure climate finance issues are mainstreamed within drought management plans and that the impacts of climate change are sufficiently addressed in funding programmes so as to ensure climate proofing."


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"emissions from the residential sector which is the fifth most important key category is dominated by emissions related to biomass combustion.  \ufffd Carbon emissions from land converted to cropland.  New land-use data information gathered for Croplands should be examined to determine whether assumptions that approximately 5,000 ha per year of natural Forest Land as well as large areas of Woodlands and Bushlands were converted to croplands between 1990 and 2010. This data likely now exists with the Kenya Forest Service."


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"enabling species migration; and \u2022 Provision of energy efficient fuelwood cook stoves to reduce the pressure on forests.26 In addition, the National Forest Programme 2016-2030 identifies priority climate change interventions in the forestry sector and emphasises land-use planning, climate smart agriculture, and afforestation and reforestation actions.27 These actions are to be complemented by the enabling actions in Table 5.4 that are based on the NAP 2015-30 and views of the forestry sector expert group."


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"energy management Status In progress Lead Agency Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Partner Agency MENR, Kenya School of Government, GDC Stakeholders Universities, colleges, schools, students and agencies responsible for curriculum development status Progress has been made to infuse climate change into university courses. The Institute for Climate Change and Adaptation, offering MA and PhD programmes, has been established at the University of Nairobi. Climate change and agriculture is a major research topic at Egerton University."


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"energy, transport, agriculture) as well as manufacturing and others. These projects can gain monetarily from \u2018carbon markets\u2019 that allow them to sell certified emission reduction (CER) credits to developed countries (also known as Annex 1) to help the latter cost-effectively mitigate against climate change. This is legislated under the Kyoto Protocol\u2019s CDM compliance markets. Carbon markets also comprise of the buying of \u2018carbon offsets\u2019 by individuals and organisations who wish to voluntarily offset their GHG emissions, i.e. under the Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCM)."


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"enforce regulations \u2022\ufffd Sensitization and awareness \u2022\ufffd Capacity building, \u2022\ufffd Carry out restocking to enhance fish abundance \u2022\ufffd Conduct monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) for stocks recovery to reduce time spent fishing (Departments responsible for Fisheries, Environment, emergency response) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Provision of advisory services \u2022\ufffd Carry out restocking to enhance fish abundance (BMUs, Development partners, private sector, other regional and international research institutions) (c) Promote alternative techniques/ innovations along agricultural value chains that either use fuel efficiently or green energy."


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"equivalent NA Not applicable NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NAP National Adaptation Plan NAPA National Adaptation Programmes of Action NC National Communication NCCAP NCCC National Climate Change Council NCCRS National Climate Change Response Strategy NCCS National Climate Change Secretariat NE Not Estimated NEC National Environment Council NEMA National Environment Management Authority NEP National Environment Policy NEPAD New Partnership for Africa\u2019s Development NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NIE National Implementing Entity NIMES National Integrated M&E System NMESC National Monitoring & evaluation Steering Committee (proposed by NIMES) NPBMF National Performance & Benefit Measurement Framework NRMP Natural Resource Management Project NSA Non-State Actor PAMs Policies and Measures QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhance- ment of forest carbon stocks RBM Results-Based Management SC Subcomponent of SME Small and Medium Enterprise Kenya s XIX Subcomponent 1 \u2013 Low Carbon Climate Resilient Pathway Subcomponent 2 \u2013 Enabling Policy and Regulatory frameworks Subcomponent 3 \u2013 Adaptation Subcomponent 4 \u2013 Mitigation/NAMAs Subcomponent 5 \u2013 Technology Subcomponent 6 \u2013 National Performance & Benefit Measurement Framework Subcomponent 7 \u2013 Knowledge Management & Capacity Development Subcomponent 8 \u2013 Climate Finance SNE Single National Entity"


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"every three months) platform for continued engagement and dialogue between the Government of Kenya and both domestic and international representatives of the private sector on matters relating to Kenya\u2019s low-carbon growth strategy Status In progress Lead Agency MENR Partner Agency National Treasury, MOEP, MODP Stakeholders KEPSA, KAM, relevant corporates, business membership organizations status A platform has not been established, but the meetings of the National Climate Change Council are expected to facilitate discussion between the private sector and the government on climate change."


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"every three months) platform for continued engagement and dialogue between the Government of Kenya and both domestic and international representatives of the private sector on matters relating to Kenya\u2019s low-carbon growth strategy. It should be hosted by the Ministry of Energy and involve other government bodies as appropriate. It would allow the Government of Kenya to present its plans to the international and domestic investors, to seek investment and to hear the views and plans of investors."


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"extreme weather events) using climate-disease prediction models, and identifying the most effective interventions, \u2022\ufffd guiding health-promoting mitigation and adaptation decisions in other sectors, \u2022\ufffd undertaking research to improve decision support in matters related to climate change impacts and health, \u2022\ufffd estimating the costs of protecting health from climate change, \u2022\ufffd support the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the spatial distribution of interacting risk factors and other critical data, and to communicate research results effectively to policymakers, stakeholders and the public, \u2022\ufffd promote research on socioeconomic implications of climate change e.g."


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"f) Develop a capacity building programme to help national and local financial institutions assess the risks of new climate-related technologies and design innovative financial schemes to support industry in adopting them. g) Augment existing coordination committees under the National Climate Change Council, such as the informal Joint Sector Working Group and the Inter- Ministerial Climate Finance Technical Advisory Committee with the new climate finance mechanism (Climate Change Fund) to track and coordinate climate finance and harmonise at the national and county levels."


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"f) Ensure that the climate finance MRV system is transparently linked with national and county sustainable development planning, budgeting and monitoring systems. g) Publish and disseminated update information on climate finance, and provide necessary inputs to international reporting obligations on climate finance. h) Support capacity building of the NDA, NIEs and other climate finance actors to monitor the climate change and sustainable development impacts of projects under implementation, and report on climate change programmes to policymakers and donor agencies."


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"f) Monitoring and Evaluation Division This division shall work closely with special- ists, officers implementing programmes, and the Secretariat in all of its functions."


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"f) Promote investor confidence and participation in market-based mechanisms, focusing on the voluntary carbon market over the short term, while preparing for the mechanisms created under the Paris Agreement. g) Facilitate Kenyan participation in the design and implementation of cooperative approaches and market-based mechanisms. h) Enhance the generation, management and issuance of emission reduction credits and trading of carbon credits. Enhance Kenyan capacity to engage in carbon asset activities, strengthen the viability of domestic carbon asset production and increase access to international carbon markets."


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"finance \u2013 public and private, domestic and international \u2013 and how the recommendations cover all of these sources of climate finance."


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"for energy65 Ministry responsible for transport and infrastructure .65 Ministry responsible for industrialization and enterprise development .65 Ministry responsible for land .66 Ministry responsible for environment and natural resources .66 Ministry responsible for water and irrigation .66 Ministry responsible for finance .66 Regulatory agencies and support institutions .66 The private sector .66 RESOURCE MOBILIZATION .67 IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION 67 ANNEX 1: IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK .70 Table 1: Summary of the financial requirements for implementation of KCSAS 67 Figure 1: Kenya\u2019s GHG emissions between 1995 and 2010 and projections upto 2030 .30 Figure 2: Proposed Inter-governmental Coordination structure for the Agricultural Sector 64 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 GLOSSARY/DEFINITION OF TERMS 13 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 17 1.1.1 The Agriculture Sector .18 1.2 CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE 19 1.2.1 Global issues on Climate Change and Agriculture 19 1.2.2 Regional issues on Climate Change and Agriculture .20 1.2.3 National issues on Climate Change and Agriculture21 1.2.4 Climate Smart Agriculture .22 1."


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"for rehabilitation of degraded forest areas, reclaimed forests and farmlands, \u2022\ufffd Establishment\ufffdof\ufffdadditional\ufffdarboreta \u2022\ufffd Other\ufffdinterventions Enhancing Conservation and Manage- ment of all types of forests \u2022\ufffd Preparation\ufffdand\ufffdmaintenance\ufffdof\ufffda\ufffdcom- prehensive forest resources data base \u2022\ufffd Development\ufffd and\ufffd implementation\ufffd of\ufffd forest management plans \u2022\ufffd Recruit\ufffdan\ufffdadditional\ufffdForest\ufffdRangers \u2022\ufffd Capacity\ufffd building\ufffd and\ufffd strengthening\ufffd of Forest Conservation Committees and Community Forest Associations \u2022\ufffd Fencing\ufffdof\ufffdthe\ufffdMau\ufffdComplex\ufffdand\ufffdother\ufffd major water towers \u2022\ufffd Other\ufffdinterventions Promoting Sustainable Management and Utilization of Industrial Forest Plantations \u2022\ufffd Emergency\ufffdreforestation\ufffdof\ufffdopen\ufffdareas\ufffd through community programmes \u2022\ufffd Establishing\ufffdplantation\ufffdmonitoring\ufffdunit \u2022\ufffd Enhancing\ufffd silvicultural\ufffd and\ufffd selective\ufffd based harvesting \u2022\ufffd Promotion\ufffdof\ufffdefficient\ufffdwood\ufffdconversion\ufffd technologies \u2022\ufffd Other\ufffdinterventions Engagement with an Expanded Portfo- lio of Stakeholders e.g."


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"for the National Adaptation Platform, \u2022\ufffd mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduciton (DRR) and adaptation e.g."


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"for the achievement of the MDGs, \u2022\ufffd supporting city and other local governments mainstream climate change adaptation into their programmes, \u2022\ufffd strengthening planning and capacity development initiatives to reduce risk, prepare and recover from disasters including strengthening institutions in charge of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) cope with climate disasters through: - improving application of advanced technology (weather and climate information) in risk identification and evaluation, - invest in user specific models and ap- plication products, - improve downscaling of climate models - build forums for data integration and exchange (extensive regional net- works), - invest in climate information systems, - improve community & family prepared- ness information tools, - invest in people-centred early warning systems (EWS) on climate change, \u2022\ufffd enhancing communication among scien- tists, decision/policy makers, NGOs and communities through: - building on existing structures e.g."


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"forestry sector priority adaptation actions The NDC\u2019s adaptation goal is enhanced resilience to climate change towards the attainment of Vision 2030. This is to be achieved by mainstreaming climate change adaptation into MTPs and implementing adaptation actions."


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"foster sustainable utili- zation of natural resources; enhance un- derstanding of climate change and what response measures can be taken against it Establishment of tree nurseries for the mass tree planting programme as well as for sale to other organization such as KFS that may requires tree seedlings for their own tree planting programmes Disaster Risk Reduction improving application of advanced tech- nology (weather and climate information) in risk identification and evaluation Disaster Risk Reduction Implementing the National Disaster Man- agement Policy and establishing the Na- tional Disaster Management Authority Disaster Risk Reduction Enhance communication among scien- tists, decision/policy makers, NGOs and communities Partners, NGOs, CBOs, Private Sector, Multilateral Organiza- tions Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, MEMR, NEMA, Devt."


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"from the GEF to fund large-scale adaptation projects. Capacity Building in Finance/Mitigation \u2022\ufffd assisting Kenya to improve its level of par- ticipation in the CDM, and \u2022\ufffd supporting the identification of policy op- tions that enable the rural poor to engage in climate change mitigation by building the foundation for pro-poor payment for ecosystem service markets."


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"g) Health The burden of climate-sensitive disease is high in Kenya and future climate change is expected to \u201cexacerbate the occurrence and intensity of future disease outbreaks and may increase the spread of diseases in some areas\u201d.46 Climate change is expected to put human health at risk by exacerbating the magnitude and occurrence of heat stress, asthma,\fKenya s vector-borne diseases (such as malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis and tick-borne diseases), and food-borne diseases (such as diarrheal diseases)."


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"g) Identify and implement fiscal, taxation and other policy options (such as green bonds) in priority areas with high GHG emission abatement potential or high climate resilience benefits. h) Identify legal and regulatory barriers that discourage private sector and financial sector low-carbon and climate resilient investment, and suggest solutions. i) Promote an enabling policy framework for investment and create business- friendly regulatory environments to encourage investment of climate finance in key areas such as renewable energy, efficient transport, clean manufacturing. sustainable agriculture and drought management."


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"g) The National Treasury, in its role as the NDA to the GCF, shall develop and implement a procedure to review project and programme proposals for the GCF in order to issue the required No-Objection Letter as well as a procedure to nominate potential Implementing Entities to the GCF."


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"global carbon funds and biodi- versity banking, and \u2022\ufffd undertaking biological engineering and restoration of stress-tolerant organisms. 4.2 Mitigation Interventions Mitigation refers to efforts that seek to prevent or slow down the increase of atmospheric GHG concentrations by limiting current and future emissions and enhancing potential sinks for GHGs. In Kenya, the sectors associated with high emissions include forestry as a result of logging; agriculture; energy and transport."


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"h) Encourage investments in and mobilise climate finance for research and innovation, including the promotion of public-private research partnerships, increased domestic and international collaboration; and enhanced development of locally appropriate climate change technologies.  FRAMEWORK TO ATTRACT AND PROMOTE CLIMATE FINANCE Policy statement: The Government will attract climate finance and promote climate investment through financial and economic instruments, and cooperative approaches/market-based mechanisms in which benefits and risks are distributed equitably."


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"h) Facilitate information dissemination and knowledge flow on climate finance.  FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOW CARBON AND CLIMATE RESILIENT INITIATIVES Policy Statement: The Government will mobilise climate finance to facilitate the implementation of initiatives that enhance climate resilience and reduce GHG emissions, as well as contribute to Kenya\u2019s social, economic and environmental development."


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"h) The Government of Kenya has recognised the growing threat of climate-related risk to the achievement of its development goals; and, in response, has improved its capacity to prevent, manage and recover from disasters and to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Kenya has made large technological advances in predicting drought and generating credible early warning information. Yet the challenge of effective response has become more urgent as climate change increases drought vulnerability."


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"h) The agency recognised as the Designated National Authority to the UNFCCC for the CDM and the NIE for the Adaptation Fund shall continue to facilitate project proposal approvals for the CDM and project proposal development and delivery under the Adaptation Fund. i) The agency in charge of standards and labelling shall provide standardisation solutions for sustainable development."


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"heat waves, floods, droughts, cyclones and storms) \u2013 Rising temperatures are expected to strengthen coastal winds and storms, which will affect ship navigation and other port operations. Motor vehicle assembly, machinery, electronics and other industries that depend on export and import services are likely to be negatively affected. Adverse weather events will also impact local and regional trade."


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"high population growth puts pressure on existing natural resources. 3.5 Unresolved historical issues on natural resources e.g. land and water. 3.6 Cultural norms and beliefs towards resource ownership and access.\f Policy Legal and Regulatory 6.10 Existence of policies and legislations for the protection and conservation of the environment. Cross-cutting Issues 6.11 Conversion of forest land for agriculture and human settlement."


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"html National Treasury, 2017 Budget Policy Statement,   budget-policy-statement.html National Treasury, The Budget Summary for the Fiscal Year 2017/18 and the Supporting Information.  \f5 :  C L I M AT E  F I N A N C E National Treasury, Medium Term Budget Policy Statement, November 2016."


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"i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 POLICY OVERVIEW AND CONTEXT . 1 1.1 POLICY OVERVIEW . 1 1.2 POLICY CONTEXT 1 1.3 GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES . 2 2.0 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE FINANCE 9 2.1 UNFCCC FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE FINANCE . 9 2.2 INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE FINANCE LANDSCAPE 12 2.3 THE CLIMATE FINANCE LANDSCAPE IN KENYA 13 2.4 KEY ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES .15 3.0 SCOPE FOR CLIMATE FINANCE POLICY IN KENYA AND TARGET SECTORS . 18 3.1 AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES .18 3.9 DROUGHT RISK MANAGEMENT AND ENDING DROUGHT EMERGENCIES 23 3.10 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION .24 4.0 STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS . 25 4.1 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .25 4.2 GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .26 4.3 FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOW CARBON AND CLIMATE RESILIENT 4.4 FRAMEWORK TO ATTRACT AND PROMOTE CLIMATE FINANCE .28 4.5 MONITORING, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION FRAMEWORK.29 5.4 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 33 6.0 FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS 34 APPENDIX I: DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 35 ii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AFD Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement (French Development Agency) CDM Clean Development Mechanism CIDP County Integrated Development Plan CIF Climate Investment Funds COP"


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"i) Improve capacity to develop, implement and report on initiatives supported through results-based finance, particularly in relation to forestry projects. j) Establish innovative mechanisms for additional resource mobilisation, such as green bonds.  MONITORING, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION FRAMEWORK Policy statement: The Government will establish a national Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) framework to provide a clear overview of domestic and international climate financial flows, trends, sources and purposes."


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"i) National Climate Change Action Plan 2013-2017 The NCCAP identifies priority adaptation and mitigation actions for transforming to a low carbon climate resilient development pathway. The priority adaptation actions for agriculture includes coordination and mainstreaming of climate change into agricultural extension; establishment and maintenance of climate change related information for agriculture; and upscaling specific adaptation and mitigation actions."


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"identification of potential natural resource conflict hotspots \u2022\ufffd Existence of a framework for identification NRM conflict hotspots \u2022\ufffd Development of framework for identification NRM conflict hotspots (MALF, NEMA, MDP, COG, NDMA, NCIC) \u2022\ufffd Identification of hotspots (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Identification of hotspots (Council of elders, Natural resource user associations, CBOs, WRUAs, FBOs, CSOs, NGOs) ST/LT (b) Profile natural resource conflict hotspots \u2022\ufffd Existence of updated NRM hotspots database \u2022\ufffd Coordination profiling of national NRM hotspots database \u2022\ufffd Support counties in development of county- specific NRM hotspots maps (MALF, DRSRS, NEMA, MDP, COG, NDMA, NCIC) \u2022\ufffd Development of county- specific NRM hotspots maps (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Participate in the development of county-specific NRM hotspots maps (c) Develop mechanism for conflict resolution \u2022\ufffd No."


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"ii  Kenya Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change  Government of Kenya  \f  iii  Government of Kenya  Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change  A publication of the NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY, (NEMA-KENYA)  \u00a9National Environment Management Authority, Government of Kenya, 2015 First published 2015  All correspondence should be addressed to:  The Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Regional Development Authorities P.O Box 30126-00100 Nairobi, Kenya  Director General National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) Nairobi, Kenya Website: www.nema.go.ke  This report was prepared with financial support from: The Global Environment Facility Washington DC 20433, USA  Technical assistance for this report was received from: United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Avenue, Gigiri Nairobi, Kenya\f  iv  Project Team  National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) 1. Prof. Geoffrey Wahungu 2. Dr. Kennedy I. Ondimu 3. Dr. Anne N. Omambia 4. Mr. Maurice Otieno 5."


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"in Vanga and South Coast).16 Rising temperatures are changing weather and vegetation patterns across the globe, which in turn are forcing animal species to migrate to new areas in order to survive. Experts predict that one-fourth of the Earth\u2019s plant and animal species will be headed for extinction by 2050 if the warming trend \u2018Over the years, sand has been accumulating all along the long stretch of the beach here, deposited by an ever-rising high tide mark."


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"inadequate due to lack of structured partnership arrangements. Other development partners have provided finance for CSA activities through NGOs, CSOs and programmes and projects but this has been poorly coordinated, leading to duplication of efforts. There are several sources of international climate finance such as Green Climate Fund (GCF), Adaptation Fund, and Global Environmental Fund, but the process of accessing these sources to support climate smart agriculture is complicated. The Climate Change Act, 2016 provides for the establishment of a Climate Change Fund."


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"inclusive economic and social transformation \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Kenya Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan (GESIP) 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\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u2022\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u2022\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Kenya Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan (GESIP) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u2022\ufffd"


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"increasing the cost-effectiveness of emissions reduction measures and duly clar- ifying the ownership of emission reductions generated by CDM projects, \u2022\ufffd collaborate with local and external partners to implement collaborative activities aimed at increasing the use of mechanisms and devices that emit less GHG, \u2022\ufffd record and report progress in carbon invest- ment and emissions reductions mechanisms through CDM, \u2022\ufffd regularly communicate effectively with potential project developers, development partners, investors and decision makers within the Government, \u2022\ufffd establish a fund for CDM, \u2022\ufffd undertake CDM project development, ap- proval and management, \u2022\ufffd promote renewable energy mechanisms in- cluding energy efficiency, \u2022\ufffd confer with UNFCCC\u2019s Expert Group on Tech- nology Transfer, \u2022\ufffd document current and ongoing CDM and other emissions reduction projects to be brought under the programme, \u2022\ufffd coordinate and supervise ongoing CDM and other emissions reduction activities to en- sure that they are in line with and contrib- ute towards meeting the county\u2019s environ- ment and sustainable development goals as well as Vision 2030, \u2022\ufffd establish and maintain a project database and keep track of emerging, proposed and approved"


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"innovative technol- ogy, including win-win solutions, and \u2022\ufffd the effectiveness of mechanisms and tools for technology cooperation in spe- cific sectors."


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"insects, mites, slugs), affecting their development, reproduction and dispersal. The rate at which most pests develop depends on temperature and every species has a particular \u2018threshold temperature\u2019 above which development can occur, and below which development ceases. As is projected, temperatures will rise in the tropics enabling some pest species, particularly those with short life-cycles such as aphids and the diamond-back moths to complete more generations within a given year."


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"invest in projects that protect livelihood assets like special water management projects in arid lands which could facilitate cross - sectoral and multi-scale coordination, \u2022\ufffd promoting flexibility in approaches to dis- aster risk management through: - regularly updating risk plans and information, - decentralising responsibilities and skills, - ensuring community participation e.g."


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"is a framework or tool that has been used to analyze the various external (Political, Environment, Social, Technology, Legal and Economic) factors that might impact on the components of the CSA strategy."


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"j) Build capacities of national and county entities to participate in the MRV process and systems, including tracking the flow of financial, technology transfer and capacity building support received; and tracking national and sustainable development impacts resulting from activities. k) Develop institutional capacity to undertake baseline calculations in the major GHG-emitting entities in order to facilitate GHG emission monitoring and reporting that will enable MRV of results-based finance.\f GOVERNANCE IMPLEMENTATION The National Treasury will lead and facilitate the implementation of this Policy."


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"j) The agency in charge of investments will play an indirect role in facilitating climate investments in Kenya for both domestic and foreign investors, and shall specifically promote the underlying assets of CDM and REDD+ projects in Kenya.\f  5.2.3 Other Stakeholders Civil society, academia and the private sector are critical stakeholders for the implementation and oversight of this policy."


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"j) Use policies, laws and regulations to develop market-based and non-market-based mechanisms. k) Establish rules to determine the responsibility for paying costs and liability for taxes. l) Establish rules for the treatment of events in case of non-performance or disputes.  GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Policy Statement: The Government will develop a governance and institutional framework that maximises the opportunities for climate finance mobilisation in the various sectors of the economy."


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"k) Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan (GESIP) The GESIP  underpins Kenya\u2019s  commitment to undertake a transition to a green economy in line with the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) held in 2012 (Rio+20 Summit). The GESIP outlines an avenue for functional interaction between economic development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)."


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"key mitigation technologies A summary of the key technologies associated with the four mitigation options is provided in Table 3.2. development impacts of mitigation action Mitigation actions to reduce GHG emissions in any sector can have positive adaptation impacts, as well as development impacts that are linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2015, the UN General Assembly session adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (the 2030 Agenda) that included 17 SDGs that meet urgent environmental, political and economic challenges."


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"key mitigation technologies and initiatives in the industrial sector The achievement of the mitigation potential is premised on the introduction of various clean technologies and initiatives, some of which are listed in Table 6.1 below. Several options exist to improve energy efficiency in the industry sub-sectors, and therefore, to achieve reductions in overall energy consumption and associated GHG emissions."


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"key mitigation technologies in the electricity generation sub-sector Meeting future demand for electricity in Kenya and keeping the average emission intensity of the grid low enough to meet the NDC target will require substantial deployment of renewable energy technologies. Restrictions will be needed to ensure the amount of new fossil fuel generation capacity (such as coal, natural gas and diesel plants) remains below 7,000 MW."


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"key mitigation technologies in the residential and commercial energy demand sub-sector Charcoal and wood cookstoves were estimated to consume more than 13 million tonnes of wood in 2015 either directly as fuel or indirectly through charcoal production. Both wood and charcoal consumption in cookstoves is typically very inefficient and while many competing technologies offer efficiency improvements, adoption has been slow."


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"knowledge products to potential beneficiaries, especially women and other vulnerable groups, through improved public awareness and communication - Develop collaborative partnerships to engage government and civil society - Integrate climate change in the education system and in all other professional practices."


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"limiting use of fire in range and cropland management Little cost data was available for this type of intervention. It was assumed that providing extension services to a pastoralist household would be similar in cost to providing extension services to smallholder farmers, which were found in the literature to be approximately USD 10.35 per year. Costs are assumed to be one half this figure for farm-owning households because a network of extension services is already in place."


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"local communities, resource managers, policy makers, \u2022\ufffd undertaking ecosystem-based monitoring of aquatic, marine ecosystems and fisher- ies under the major current uses, includ- ing full fisheries closures, gear-managed and open access management systems, \u2022\ufffd evaluating current natural resource man- agement schemes and determine their ef- fectiveness in adapting to the impacts of climate change and providing ecosystem services, \u2022\ufffd investigating the adaptation strategies of communities dependent on fisheries resources, \u2022\ufffd identifying policy processes and finance mechanisms that will best enable small- scale fisheries to implement adaptation measures, \u2022\ufffd identifying changes in yield, distribu- tions, and markets, including agriculture and fisheries, \u2022\ufffd improving reporting standards and access to fisheries catch data to improve assess- ment of the impacts of climate change on fisheries, \u2022\ufffd identifying extinction-prone species, and \u2022\ufffd analysing of environmental consequences of shore protection and promotion of shore protection techniques. 7.1.7 Wildlife and Rangelands Kenya\u2019s rangelands and wildlife are already being affected by climate change."


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"long term sub-actions Re-assess infrastructure vulnerability and update infrastructure to withstand climate impacts. Source: Government of Kenya (2016). National Adaptation Plan, 2015-2030, pages 27, 32 and 33.\f8 :  W A S T E vulnerability to climate change is documented in its 2010 NCCRS, the Strategy\u2019s 2013-17 NCCAP, and the 2015-2030 NAP.22 risks and impacts Climate change poses risks to the solid waste sector and has potential impacts on the solid waste infrastructure, described Tables 8.4 and 8.5 below."


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"long term sub-actions \u2022 Continue the rehabilitation of water catchment areas in order to provide sustainable ecosystem services, including energy production (NAP). Adapted from: Government of Kenya, Kenya National Adaptation Plan, 2015-2030, page 23, and supplemented with inputs from the Energy Sector expert group."


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"long term: in progress A Nairobi Metropolitan Transport Master Plan has been developed by the Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development (MOTIHUD) that includes a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system with BRT and LRT corridors. The Kenya Urban Roads Authority (KURA) is supporting feasibility and design studies for BRT corridors and preparing bidding documents for BRT services and operation."


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"long term: in progress Total installed geothermal capacity as of July 2015 was 573 MW, an increase of about 323 MW from Kenya Power\u2019s reported 250 MW of geothermal power generation in June 2013 (as noted in the geothermal NAMA proposal). This figure is lower than the NCCAP projected baseline of installed capacity of 791 MW in 2015. The government will meet the projected baseline target for 2017 if the Menengai field is commissioned."


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"lrt system implementation in nairobi The mitigation scenario assumes a moderate shift of private transport (as well as other modes such as matatus) in Nairobi to LRT (noting that each of the two mitigation options assumes a mix of LRT and BRT are being implemented). The scenario assumes that the mass transit system from the above mentioned feasibility study is implemented, but with BRT as the dominant mode of public transport complimented by some minimal use of LRT."


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"making energy saving \u2018jikos\u2019 acces- sible and affordable to all families and individuals, particularly women; plant- ing of crops used as alternative sources of income, e.g."


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"management system Action Type Enabling Timeframe Short term/Quick Win Sector All sectors, national relevance Action Summary The Climate Change Resource Centre, when it is fully established, will develop a network of climate change actors and implement a technology-based climate change knowledge management system."


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"manure management Agricultural experts determined that there was limited opportunity for improved manure management, treatment or storage because the manure of most animals, particularly cattle, is deposited on open grazing land. Some opportunity may exist in larger dairy operations; but the reductions would not be substantial enough at the national level to form a wedge in the mitigation analysis. organic agriculture Robust data regarding the mitigation potential of organic farming systems is scarce, and no data could be found for Kenya."


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"maps of agricultural productivity, water scarcity, biomass availability,  scenarios of climate impacts); \u00b7\ufffd Set-up a demonstration system for user testing; \u00b7\ufffd Ensure that sensitive data are protected and set up a process for data access/requests. Research could then be commissioned to fill data gaps in consultation with the data and QA/QC working group and data mapping action.  This might include remote sensing activities. Areas of relevance This action is relevant to all geographic areas in Kenya and all sectors."


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"medium term sub-actions \u2022 Climate proof roads, railway, marine, and aviation infrastructure through use of appropriate designs/building materials. \u2022 Improve the use of weather information in the design, construction and use of transport infrastructure. \u2022 Deliver development projects (e.g. local roads and bridges) to remote areas as a way of enhancing adaptive capacity. \u2022 Introduce road water management as an adaptation action. long term sub-actions \u2022 Re-assess transport infrastructure vulnerability, and upgrade infrastructure to withstand climate impacts with the latest technology."


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"mentioned in Chatterjee 2011 240 As at July 2014 241 Transfer of Environmentally sound technologies: Case Studies from the GEF Climate Change portfolio, 2012 [revised] 242 Transfer of Environmentally sound technologies: Case Studies from the GEF Climate Change portfolio, 2012 [revised] 243 NEMA houses the GEF OFP for the Kenya, with the mandate to endorse the projects that had been identified and reviewed by the NSC for funding from GEF 244 During the current GEF-5 replenishment period (July 2010 \u2013 June 2014), Kenya received an indicative allocation to formulate and execute projects for US$8,950,000 in biodiversity, US$5,000,000 in climate change, and US$4,260,000 in land degradation 245 Namely Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan and Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania 246 Personal Communications with Peter Omeny 259 Technical Report 8: Availability and Accessibility to Climate Data for Kenya 260 Technical Report 8: Availability and Accessibility to Climate Data for Kenya 261 Technical Report 8: Availability and Accessibility to Climate Data for Kenya 262 Technical Report 8: Availability and Accessibility to Climate Data for Kenya 265 Kenya draft National Adaptation"


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"mitigation options identified in kenya\u2019s second national communication A total of three mitigation options were developed and presented for the agriculture sector in the NCCAP and SNC. The conservation tillage option was revised to sustainable land management, recognizing that a broad set of land management actions are required to reduce GHG emissions. The three options were assessed to determine their technical potential to contribute to emission reductions in the baseline in 2030."


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"mosquitoes causing febrile illness with joint pain and possibly other complications, have been reported. Between 2005 and 2006, the disease linked to droughts, affected more than 75% of the population (13,500 people) in Lamu where the first outbreak was reported (Chretien et. al., 2007). Climatic catastrophes like floods are also likely to cause populations to be displaced, or even lead to death, further burdening the health sector."


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"n c c A P S tAt u S o F I M P L E M E n tAt I o n 2 0 1 7 Table 1: NCCAP Subcomponents with Priority Actions in NCCAP component abbreviation and annex pages in nccap Mitigation (low carbon options) MITI \u2013 Annex 2 Climate finance FINA \u2013 Annex 3 Enabling policy and regulatory framework EPRF \u2013 Annex 4 Knowledge management and capacity development KMCD \u2013 Annex 5 Performance and benefit measurement framework PBMF \u2013 Annex 6 Table 2: Mitigation Actions mitigation long-term priority actions short-term/ quick-win actions status of short-term action update on action MITI 1: Rehabilitation of forests on degraded lands Development of proposal for funding REDD+ actions In progress REDD+ readiness funding putting in place critical elements for REDD+ implementation MITI 2: Geothermal Development of NAMA proposal and submission to UNFCCC Complete NAMA proposal developed and submitted to the UNFCCC in 2015 MITI 3: Restoration of degraded forests Development of NAMA proposal and submission to UNFCCC In progress Funding proposal for Green Schools Programme (emphasizes tree planting) MITI 4: Improved"


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"ndc target for the energy sector Kenya\u2019s NDC \u201cseeks to abate its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the business as usual (BAU) scenario.\u201d However, this does not necessarily translate into a 30% emission reduction target for the energy sector equivalent to 12.8 MtCO2e reductions from baseline emissions in 2030 of 42.7 MtCO2e. Significant work conducted for Kenya\u2019s NCCAP examined the technical potential of emission reductions related to all sectors (agriculture, energy, industrial processes, LULUCF, transport and waste)."


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"ndc target for the industrial sector Kenya\u2019s NDC \u201cseeks to abate its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the business as usual (BAU) scenario.\u201d However, this does not necessarily translate into a 30% emission reduction target for the industrial sector, equivalent to 3.0 MtCO2e reductions from baseline emissions in 2030 of 9.9 MtCO2e."


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"ndc target for the transport sector Kenya\u2019s INDC \u201cseeks to abate its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the business as usual (BAU) scenario.\u201d However, this does not necessarily translate into a 30% emission reduction target for the transport sector equivalent to 7.3 MtCO2e reductions from baseline emissions in 2030 of 24.2 MtCO2e. Significant work conducted for Kenya\u2019s 2013-2017 NCCAP examined the technical potential of emission reductions related to all sectors (energy, waste, LULUCF, agriculture and industrial processes)."


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"objective 13: Avail adequate and updated data and information on Climate Smart Agriculture (i) Establish and maintain a data and information management system (a) Develop and use a CSA information management system \u2022\ufffd A functional and accessible CSA information management system \u2022\ufffd Set up the CSA information management system that is interlinked to counties and other stakeholders \u2022\ufffd Maintain the CSA information management system (MALF, MENR, KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, MICT) \u2022\ufffd Participate in the development of the information management system (Departments responsible for Environment, Science, Technology, Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KCIC, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) MT/LT (b) Link the CSA information management system to the NCCRC and other CSA related information management systems \u2022\ufffd Linkage to the CCRC \u2022\ufffd Number of links established \u2022\ufffd Facilitate linkage with CCRC \u2022\ufffd Identify and develop links to appropriate sites \u2022\ufffd (NCCRC, MALF, MENR, KALRO, MICT, KEFRI, KMFRI,) \u2022\ufffd Participate in the identification of the systems to be linked (Departments responsible for Environment, Science, Technology, Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Participate in the identification of the systems to be linked."


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"ocean waters absorbing the bulk of the heat from enhanced greenhouse effect) also threaten to cause deadly floods and high tides in low-lying coastal areas. Increasing sea temperature in the Indian Ocean could affect the entire Eastern African coast by increasing the frequency and intensity of El Ni\u00f1o- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events (Klein et. Coral reef bleaching is a common stress response of corals to many of natural and anthropogenic disturbances."


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"of BRT and LRT) Manpower Youth Affairs and Sports Gender, Children & Social Development Special Programmes (Famine and DRR) Education Health (Public) ICT Grand Total (Approx) Action Plan, Implementation Framework and Resource Mobilization Plan\f\u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 National Climate Change Response Strategy 9.2 Resource Mobilisation Plan The purpose of the Resource Mobilisation Plan is to ensure proposed programmes and projects are fully implemented. The Plan targets domestic resources from both local and national government as well as from the private sector."


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"of CSA programmes jointly developed and coordinated \u2022 Sector projects / programmes, reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Joint mechanism for coordinating for CSA programmes\f NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Output 1.3.2: Joint country CSA programme funding mechanism established 1.3.2.1: Joint National / County Governments \u2013 Development Partners CSA program financing mechanism 1.3.2.2: Amount of funding allocated to CSA program coordination from governments and Development Partner sources 1.3.2.3: No."


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"of CSA research prioritization mechanisms established \u2022\ufffd No of CSA research areas prioritized \u2022\ufffd Review and develop guidelines for research prioritization \u2022\ufffd Coordinating the process for prioritization of research needs \u2022\ufffd Funding (MALF, KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, KIRDI, NACOSTI, CCC) \u2022\ufffd Participate in research prioritization \u2022\ufffd (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Participate in research prioritization \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Technical Assistance \u2022\ufffd (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KCIC, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT (c) Establishment and maintenance of CSA information and knowledge generation systems \u2022\ufffd No of CSA information and knowledge generation systems established and maintained \u2022\ufffd Establish systems for CSA information  and knowledge generation \u2022\ufffd Link and manage  the national level and county level systems (MALF, MENR, KALRO, KEFRI, NACOSTI, KMFRI, DRSRS) \u2022\ufffd Establish systems for CSA information  and knowledge generation \u2022\ufffd Manage county level systems."


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"of Development Partners jointly funding CSA projects/ programmes \u2022 Sector Development partners reports \u2022 Sector projects / programmes reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Prudent utilizations of resources allocated to CSA projects/ programmes Outcome 1.4: Research-Extension Liaison framework strengthened Output 1.4.1: Functional Research \u2013 Extension - Linkage established 1.4.1.1. Functional climate smart research extension linkage mechanism 1.4.1.2. No. and types of functional climate smart research extension partnerships at all levels 1.4.1.3. No."


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"of Education; MEMR, NEMA, Special Programmes, Gender & Social Services, and Youth Affairs and Sports, NGOs, CBOc, devt. partners and multilateral organizations Min. of Communication, Devt. Partners, Private Sector\f\fComments and Views are invited from the public. Please address them to:- THE PERMANENT SECRETARY Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources NHIF BUILDING, RAGATI ROAD, UPPERHILL P.O. Box 30126 Nairobi 00100  \u2022  TEL 020-2730808 Email: psoffice@environment.go.ke Also visit MEMR website   6  \u2018our environment our life\u2019 \u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019"


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"of Energy, KPLC, develop- ment partners, private sector KPLC, MOE, Private sector, de- velopment partners Min. of Energy, Private sector, devt. partners Min. of Energy, Private sector, devt. partners Min. of transport, Min. of Roads, KRB, devt. Partners, private sector, local authorities Min. of transport, Min. of Roads, KRB, devt. Partners, private sector, local authorities Min. of Roads, KRB, Devt."


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"of Finance MOA, Private Sector, Develop- ment Partners, NGOs MOA, Private Sector, Develop- ment Partners MOA, KARI (CGIAR) and Aca- demic & Research Institutions Dept. of Remote Sensing, Min. of Fisheries, KMFRI KMFRI, Academic & Research Institutions, Min. of Fisher- ies, Dpt. of Remote Sensing Sub-total Agriculture Sub-total Marine and Fisheries Resources Annex: Action Plan and Costs\f\u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 National Climate Change Response Strategy Sector Sub-Sector Description of Specific Implementing Institutions Implementa- Resource  Activities  tion requirement  Timeframe per year  (Billion Ksh.)"


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"of Fisheries, KMFRI, Dept. of Remote Sensing, Academic & Research Institutions Min. of Fisheries, KMFRI, Devt. Partners KMFRI, Min. of Fisheries, For- estry, Devt. Partners Min. of Fisheries, KMFRI, Min. of Special Programmes, Min of Finance, MOA Min. of Fisheries KMFRI, MEMR, Private Sector, Devt. Partners Min. of Fisheries, KMFRI, MEMR. NGOs, Youth and Wom- en Groups Min. of Forestry, KFS, KEFRI, MEMR, MoT, Devt."


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"of Forestry, KFS, KEFRI, CBOs, KARI, NGOs and Private Sector Subtotal Environ- ment Annex: Action Plan and Costs\f\u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 National Climate Change Response Strategy Sector Sub-Sector Description of Specific Implementing Institutions Implementa- Resource  Activities  tion requirement  Timeframe per year  (Billion Ksh.) Special support to Nairobi River/Dam project \u2022\ufffd Routine\ufffdcleanup,\ufffdsurveillance \u2022\ufffd Maintenance\ufffdworks \u2022\ufffd Addressing\ufffdemerging\ufffdgovernance\ufffdissues Establishing a tourism industry climate change response  consultative team."


id: 4036efe7e14d498babdaa3b2674cbf71
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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index: document
vector_id: 1663
content:
"of Forestry, KFS, KEFRI, MEMR, CBOs, ICRAF, NGOs and Private Sector, Community Forest Associations (CFAs) Annex: Action Plan and Costs\f\u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 National Climate Change Response Strategy Sector Sub-Sector Description of Specific Implementing Institutions Implementa- Resource  Activities  tion requirement  Timeframe per year  (Billion Ksh.)"


id: e78af4b93880f2143c6104095bcbf5e0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7636
content:
"of Forestry, KFS, KEFRI, MEMR, CBOs, NGOs and Private Sector, institutions, Devt. Partners, Com- munity Forest Associations (CFAs), Min. of Youth Affairs and Sports Min. of Forestry, KFS, KEFRI, MEMR, CBOs, NGOs and Pri- vate Sector, Devt. Partners NEMA, Min. of Forestry, KFS, KEFRI, MEMR, CBOs, NGOs and Private Sector KWS, KEFRI, Academic and research institutions, Mul- tilateral Organizations such as the UNEP, NGOs, Wildlife Conservation Societies, Devt."


id: 94a50c660be57bc65aef3a2bb8092e35
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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vector_id: 4677
content:
"of Forestry, KWS, KenGen, MOE Sub-total Tourism Subtotal Regional Development Authorities\fSector Sub-Sector Description of Specific Implementing Institutions Implementa- Resource  Activities  tion requirement  Timeframe per year  (Billion Ksh.)"


id: 40ad94d7d1f49bbb2aa1da506c46c6ae
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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index: document
vector_id: 1676
content:
"of Gender, Children & Social Services, NGOs, CBOs, Devt. Partners, Min. of Finance Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, MEMR, Forestry, KFS, NEMA, Devt. Partners, NGOs, CBOs, Private Sector Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, MEMR, Forestry, KFS, NEMA, Devt. Partners, NGOs, CBOs, Private Sector, Multilat- eral Organizations Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, MEMR, NEMA, Devt.\fSector Sub-Sector Description of Specific Implementing Institutions Implementa- Resource  Activities  tion requirement  Timeframe per year  (Billion Ksh.) Sub-total Special Pro- grammes waste management to e.g."


id: cc56eec7d4a113182b967c623f2f52d5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6680
content:
"of Medi- cal Services, Bilateral part- ners, Private sector\fSector Sub-Sector Description of Specific Implementing Institutions Implementa- Resource  Activities  tion requirement  Timeframe per year  (Billion Ksh.)"


id: 63b868df16e68fdd90086edcc10fc164
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2919
content:
"of Medi- cal Services, Bilateral part- ners, Private sector KEMRI, Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min. of Medi- cal Services, Bilateral part- ners, Private sector KEMRI, Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min. of Medical Services, development part- ners, Private sector, research and academic institutions MOA, Private Sector, Develop- ment Partners MOA, Private sector, NGOs, development partners MOA, private sector, NGOs, development partners, Min."


id: db28e83e7ef2d9464345b2d84a2b092e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
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vector_id: 7205
content:
"of Meteorology) Dr. Zachary Makanya, PELUM Dr. Paul Mbole, Norwegian Church Aid Safia Abdi, CORDAID Bernard Karicho, Ministry of Water and Irrigation Douglas Otunga Barasa, MPND & V2030 Mary Ndungu, Ministry of Housing Maurice Nyunja Otieno, NEMA 13. Annex 1a: NCCAP Thematic Working Group Members\fKenya s THEMATIC WORKING Jackson Kiplagat, WWF Kenya Country Office Alfred Gichu, KFS Headquarters Dr. Samuel Kasiki, KWS Dr. Samuel Ochola, Kenyatta University Dr. L.K."


id: f5fa2f25a3a66a17947ba807b763cb89
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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index: document
vector_id: 8134
content:
"of NAMAS developed \u2022\ufffd Develop NAMA proposals \u2022\ufffd Resource mobilization \u2022\ufffd Capacity building on NAMAs at all levels \u2022\ufffd Measuring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) (MALF, MENR, KALRO, KEFRI, KFS) \u2022\ufffd Collect and collate relevant data for NAMA development and implementation \u2022\ufffd Implement NAMAs at the county level (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Forestry and Irrigation) \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance \u2022\ufffd Funding (Development partners, private sector, other regional and international research institutions, Financial Organizations, NGOs) ST-LT (c) Minimize use of fires in rangelands and croplands management \u2022\ufffd Acreage subjected to burning \u2022\ufffd Policy direction \u2022\ufffd Capacity building (MALF, MENR, KALRO) \u2022\ufffd Develop and enforce regulations \u2022\ufffd Sensitization and awareness \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Monitoring and surveillance (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Forestry and Irrigation, emergency response) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Equipment \u2022\ufffd Capacity building (NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, Development Partners, private sector) ST-LT |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority TimelineST MT 3-6 yrs LT > 6) Indicative Budget (Billions in KSh) National Government County Government Other Stakeholders (ii) Promotion of energy-efficient technologies"


id: 19e5e022857a5cd0fa8724a647b3e5a3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
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vector_id: 358
content:
"of PPP involved in promotion of improved CSA adaptive fish technologies \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Sectors reports \u2022 Research publications \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Inclusion of all value chain actors in piloting and scaling up of improved adaptive fish technologies\f49 NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Outcome 2.2: Area under efficient irrigation increased Output 2.2.1: Area under efficient and renewable energy powered irrigation systems increased 2.2.1.1: Acreage under efficient and renewable energy powered irrigation systems 2.2.1.2: No."


id: 97081a91df76e215ca4db9476800c37
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4756
content:
"of Public Health and Sanitation, Min. of Medi- cal Services, Bilateral part- ners, Private sector KEMRI, Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min. of Medi- cal Services, Bilateral part- ners, Private sector KEMRI, Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min. of Medi- cal Services, Bilateral part- ners, Private sector KEMRI, Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min. of Medi- cal Services, Bilateral part- ners, Private sector KEMRI, Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min."


id: 882443a424bc775b284ea098983e6126
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4238
content:
"of Regional Develop- ment, MOA, MOW, MEMR, Min. of Forestry, KWS, KenGen, MOE Min. of Regional Develop- ment, MOA, MOW, MEMR, Min. of Forestry, KWS, KenGen, MOE, Min of Gender and Youth Min. of Regional Develop- ment, MOA, MOW, MEMR, Min. of Forestry, KWS, KenGen, MOE Min. of Regional Develop- ment, MOA, MOW, MEMR, Min. of Forestry, KWS, KenGen, MOE Min. of Regional Develop- ment, MOA, MOW, MEMR, Min. of Forestry, KWS, KenGen, MOE Cooperatives, Private Sector, MEMR, Devt."


id: de9d7eae05f3c3c31e6923b58ddc8002
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7338
content:
"of Tourism, MDNKALs, MOW, Private Sector, Local Au- thorities MOW, Local Authorities, Pri- vate Sector and Individuals\fSector Sub-Sector Description of Specific Implementing Institutions Implementa- Resource  Activities  tion requirement  Timeframe per year  (Billion Ksh.) Energy Subtotal Transport Subtotal Roads Sub-total Accelerated development of geothermal power by the government and its devel- opment partners Accelerated development of geothermal power by the private sector (GDC will take up if there are no suitable investors) Accelerated development of green energy (solar, wind, renewable biomass, etc) by the govt."


id: cbddfde832332b8d25d1b87e04def285
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6669
content:
"of Water Users\u2019 Associations with capacity in efficient irrigation water management \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Private sector, CSOs and county government\u2019s commit  to promote and avail water resource-use efficient adaptive technologies \u2022 Capacity to purchase adaptive irrigation technologies Outcome 2.3: New products developed and value addition of commodities enhanced Development of new commercially viable products (crops, livestock and fisheries) supported 2.3.1.1: No. and type of CSA value addition technologies innovated and piloted 2.3.1.2: No."


id: f27ba54bba3251024970ba610d66589e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"of abating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the business as usual (BAU) scenario of 143 MtCO2e."


id: bd389e5421deb09b9de10064055856c8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6122
content:
"of adopters of effective and efficient water use practices \u2022\ufffd Provide guidelines for agricultural water use and waste water management for agricultural use \u2022\ufffd Capacity building (MWI, MALF, NIB, MoE, KALRO) \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Provision of extension \u2022\ufffd Support small scale irrigation initiatives \u2022\ufffd Wastewater management \u2022\ufffd (Departments responsible for  Agriculture, Livestock, Environment and Natural Resources, Fisheries, Water and Irrigation) \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Provision of extension \u2022\ufffd Support small scale irrigation initiatives \u2022\ufffd On-farm waste water management (NGOs, Private sector, CBOs, FBOs) ST/LT (iv) Promote and support conservation and propagation of germplasm of species with adaptive capacity."


id: 84e7a1ede1d9bc9f42a83a3984225685
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4109
content:
"of an inventory system ( Data bank on sector emissions) \u2022\ufffd Inventory system developed \u2022\ufffd Establishment of the sector inventory system (MALF, KALRO, KEFRI, KEMFRI, KFS) \u2022\ufffd Provision of data and information \u2022\ufffd Provision of data and information (Development partners, ILRI, ICRAF, CFOR, CCAFS, CIAT, NGOs) LT (c) Develop an M&E system \u2022\ufffd M&E system developed for sector emissions \u2022\ufffd Establishment of a reporting mechanism \u2022\ufffd Establishment of an evaluation/verification system (Departments in charge of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Provision of Reports \u2022\ufffd Participation in evaluation processes (Departments in charge of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Provision of reports \u2022\ufffd Participation/ assist in evaluation processes (Development partners, ILRI, ICRAF, CFOR, CCAFS, CIAT, NGOs) (ii) Capacity building of agricultural sector stakeholders on Measuring, Reporting and verification processes (d) Capacity building on; i."


id: dcc89fdab73e41647b44ce3af9b513a0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7275
content:
"of breeding schemes developed, \u2022\ufffd Increased herd efficiency in production \u2022\ufffd Policy direction and guidance \u2022\ufffd Undertake breeding to improve herd health and enhance efficiency in production (MALF, KALRO, KAGRC, KEVEVAPI) \u2022\ufffd Implement breeding schemes \u2022\ufffd Provide extension services (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Implement breeding schemes \u2022\ufffd Provide extension services \u2022\ufffd Service provision \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance (NGOs, ILRI, other regional and international research institutions, Private sector, CBOs, FBOs) ST/LT (e) Support development and use of innovations in livestock management systems that enhance productivity."


id: 5e0df879fcbd7db73642f6762fd5a868
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2689
content:
"of conflict resolution mechanisms established \u2022\ufffd No of conflicts resolved \u2022\ufffd Review and develop guidelines for conflict resolution (MALF, NEMA, MDP, Judiciary, COG) \u2022\ufffd Implement guidelines on conflict resolution."


id: 45971784f4620fc70ac4ac2c22a2ac78
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1864
content:
"of curricula into which CSA is mainstreamed \u2022\ufffd Identify content/area for mainstreaming \u2022\ufffd Incorporate content in curricula (MALF, MENR, MoE, KICD) \u2022\ufffd Propose content/area for mainstreaming (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Education) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance \u2022\ufffd Lobby for inclusion of content \u2022\ufffd Identify content/area for mainstreaming in curricula for tertiary training institutions \u2022\ufffd Incorporate content in curricula of tertiary training institutions (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) LT/ST |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority Timeline (ST <3 yrs; MT 3-6 yrs Budget (Billions in KSh) National Government Other Stakeholders Strategic Issue 12: Limited CSA research, technology development and innovations Strategic Goal: Enhanced CSA research, technology development, innovations and knowledge management Strategic Objective: To improve capacity to undertake CSA research, technology development, innovations and knowledge management (i) Enhance capacity of institutions to undertake CSA research (a) Availing adequate infrastructure for research \u2022\ufffd No and type of infrastructure \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Availing of infrastructure (KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, MALF, MENR, NACOSTI, CCC, TNT) \u2022\ufffd Avail"


id: 31407a220becdfac081a076c647c2dd9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1156
content:
"of data collection analysis and information generation activities \u2022\ufffd Coordinate data collection analysis and information generation \u2022\ufffd Collect analyze and generate information on national data (MALF, MENR KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, KNBS) \u2022\ufffd Coordinate data collection analysis and information generation at county level \u2022\ufffd Collect analyze and generate information on county data \u2022\ufffd Provide county specific data for collation and information generation of national data and information \u2022\ufffd (Departments responsible for Environment,  Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance \u2022\ufffd Collect and analyze data and generate information \u2022\ufffd (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT (b) Information packaging and dissemination \u2022\ufffd No."


id: be9c6b6697dad6f19d9c3ccc8f53d69
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6172
content:
"of designs climate-proofed and developed \u2022\ufffd Guidelines on climate proofing and development of water harvesting and storage structures \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Implementation of major water harvesting and storage structures (MWI, MALF, NIB, KALRO) Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Mobilize resources for infrastructure development \u2022\ufffd Implementation of small water harvesting and storage structures (Departments responsible for  Agriculture, Livestock, Environment and Natural Resources, Fisheries, Water and Irrigation) \u2022\ufffd Financial and Technical support \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Implementation of water harvesting and storage structures (NGOs, Development partners) ST/LT (b) Development of appropriate irrigation infrastructure and technologies (including use of clean energy) as per the prevailing farming and pastoral systems \u2022\ufffd Number of appropriate irrigation infrastructure and technologies developed \u2022\ufffd Mobilize resources for infrastructure development \u2022\ufffd Facilitate preparation of project design and tender documents for national projects \u2022\ufffd Execute, supervise and commission construction works for national projects."


id: eac6bf5e6edbce712712c07877ba9bc1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7742
content:
"of farmers adopting climate smart integrated soil and water management technologies 3.1.1.3. No. and type of private sector service providers on climate smart integrated soil and water management technologies 3.1.1.4. No."


id: 41907631e33a5ce3209c2ccf7774c116
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1708
content:
"of farmers using efficient and renewable energy powered irrigation systems \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Renewable sources of energy and technologies are available to stakeholders Application of efficient water use adaptive technologies in existing and new irrigation systems improved 2.2.2.1: No. and type of appropriate efficient irrigation technological packages promoted 2.2.2.1: No. and type of appropriate efficient irrigation technological packages in use 2.2.2.3: No."


id: bbab2f75d3473c725b26932f3c397f3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6080
content:
"of functional contingency plans 4.2.2.3: Efficient mechanisms for disseminating early warning information 4.2.2.4: Number and type of value chain actors using early warning information \u2022 Baseline surveys \u2022 Early warning documents \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Actors will invest in early warning systems\f NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Output 4.2.3: Disaster and climate risk preparedness and mitigation practices for the most vulnerable livelihood identified and disseminated 4.2.3.1: No."


id: e2fef425af27edbaf498e684d327ed60
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7492
content:
"of incentives provided \u2022\ufffd Identify and provide incentives for best practice \u2022\ufffd Propose areas for providing incentives for best practice (MALF, MENR, MWI, TNT) \u2022\ufffd Participate in identification of incentives for best practice \u2022\ufffd Identify and provide incentives for county based best practice \u2022\ufffd Propose areas for providing incentives for county based best practice (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Land, Livestock, Irrigation, Finance, Fisheries, and Environment) \u2022\ufffd Participate in identification of incentives for best practice \u2022\ufffd Identify and provide incentives for best practice \u2022\ufffd Propose areas for providing incentives for best practice \u2022\ufffd Lobby for the incentives (Development partners, private sector, CBO, NGOs, CSOs, academic institutions) ST/LT\f |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority Timeline (ST <3 yrs; MT 3-6 yrs Budget (Billions in  KSh) National Government Other Stakeholders (ii) Develop and review CSA policies and regulatory frameworks (a) Review CSA regulations to provide for harmonization of institutional mandates and responsibilities."


id: 6e2173b3ad283d58ffabc667cb9b77f5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3306
content:
"of information packages disseminated \u2022\ufffd Capacity building Downscale and package weather information (KMD, MALF,WRA and RDAs) \u2022\ufffd Disseminate downscaled information \u2022\ufffd M&E (Departments responsible for Environment and Natural Resources, Agriculture, Livestock, Irrigation, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Support networks for providing weather information \u2022\ufffd Use weather information for decision making (Development Partners, NGOs, CBOs, Private Sector, farmers fisher folk and pastoralists) (ii) Promote crop varieties, livestock and fish breeds and tree species that are adapted to varied weather conditions and tolerant to associated emerging pests and diseases."


id: 296b0926a63ab5e16c2d619af0727a1c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 869
content:
"of joint planning, implementation and M&E carried out \u2022\ufffd Undertake joint planning, implementation and M&E for national level CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Support joint planning, implementation and M&E at county level (MALF, MENR, MWI) \u2022\ufffd Undertake joint planning, implementation and M&E for county level CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Participate in joint planning, implementation and M&E for national level CSA activities (County Assembly, Departments responsible for Agriculture, Livestock, Irrigation, Fisheries, and Environment \u2022\ufffd Participate in joint planning, implementation and M&E for national level CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance \u2022\ufffd Funding (NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, Development Partners, private sector) ST/LT Strategic Issue 8 : Inadequate capacities and weak coordination among institutions and stakeholders in climate smart agriculture Strategic Goal: Improved Coordination of implementation of CSA activities Strategic Objective: To improve capacities and coordination among institutions and stakeholders in climate smart agriculture (i) S t r e n g t h e n c o o r d i n a t i o n for CSA implementation (a) Establish CSA coordination structures \u2022\ufffd Structures established and operational at National and County level \u2022\ufffd Establishment, facilitation"


id: f7b931b738ae76808a505dd08a7e73ee
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8203
content:
"of mechanisms established to identify, incubate and commercialize innovations \u2022\ufffd Number of innovations identified, incubated and commercialized \u2022\ufffd Adapt existing guidelines for identifying, incubating and commercializing innovations to address CSA needs \u2022\ufffd Coordinating the process for identifying, incubating and commercializing innovations \u2022\ufffd Create a platform for identifying, incubating and commercializing innovations \u2022\ufffd Funding (MALF, KALRO, KEFRI, KMFRI, KIRDI, NACOSTI, CCC, KIPI) \u2022\ufffd Promote and provide incentives for CSA innovations \u2022\ufffd Participate in identifying, incubating and commercializing innovations to address CSA needs (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Promote and provide incentives for CSA innovations \u2022\ufffd Commercialization of CSA innovations \u2022\ufffd Participate in identifying, incubating and commercializing innovations to address CSA needs \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Technical Assistance (Development partners, private sector, , KEPSA, KCIC, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) MT/LT Strategic issue 13: Inadequate data and information on Climate Smart Agriculture Strategic goal 13: Functional and accessible data and information management system on Climate Smart Agriculture Strategic objective 13: Avail adequate and updated data and information on Climate Smart Agriculture (i) Establish and maintain a data and"


id: 9c6f40f9547ac77606da08160b18cc31
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4943
content:
"of public and private bodies on climate change; Cabinet Secretary to coordinate the preparation of climate change action plans, strategies and policies. No."


id: dc77613632b7a9d86f48935f01aac1f5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7260
content:
"of set areas (Farms and sites) for conservation of genetic resources \u2022\ufffd Set conservation farms(Areas) \u2022\ufffd Develop guidelines (MALF, MENR) \u2022\ufffd Set conservation farms(Areas) \u2022\ufffd Review county guidelines (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Set private farms or zones for conservation (CBOs, WRUAs, FBOs, CSOs, NGOs) ST/LT (b) Identification of species of livestock, crop and fish origin that are adaptive and tolerant to adverse weather conditions \u2022\ufffd Number of species and types identified \u2022\ufffd Research \u2022\ufffd Data \u2022\ufffd Policy and promotions (KALRO, MALF) \u2022\ufffd Collaborative research \u2022\ufffd Data and information on indigenous knowledge \u2022\ufffd Guidelines and integration to CIDP (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Collaborative research \u2022\ufffd Private trials and innovations (Private Research Organizations) (c) Breeding, Multiplication and field trials and demonstrations \u2022\ufffd Number of Breeds, Quantities, trials and demonstrations \u2022\ufffd Research \u2022\ufffd Support for Development (KALRO, MALF) \u2022\ufffd Farm trials \u2022\ufffd Collaboration (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Private research and trials (Farmers, Private research Organizations) |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority TimelineST MT"


id: 88cfba29bb67fbd35b26dbb9495160bf
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:20
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"of technologies and innovations \u2022\ufffd Undertake research \u2022\ufffd Capacity building (MWI, MALF, NIB, ME&P, KALRO) \u2022\ufffd Prioritize research needs \u2022\ufffd Participate in research \u2022\ufffd Mobilize stakeholders to participate in research (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Livestock, Environment and Natural Resources, Fisheries, Water and Irrigation) \u2022\ufffd Support research \u2022\ufffd Participate in research \u2022\ufffd Capacity building on participatory approaches (NGOs, Private sector, CBOs, FBOs, Universities, International and Regional Research Institutions) ST/LT (b) Technology development, packaging and transfer \u2022\ufffd Number of technologies developed, packaged and disseminated \u2022\ufffd Policy guidance \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Funding (MWI, MALF, NIB, MoE, KALRO) \u2022\ufffd Awareness creation \u2022\ufffd Technology packaging and dissemination \u2022\ufffd Farmer extension services (Departments responsible for Agriculture, Livestock, Environment and Natural Resources, Fisheries, Water and Irrigation) \u2022\ufffd Awareness creation \u2022\ufffd Technology packaging and dissemination \u2022\ufffd Farmer extension services (Media, NGOs, Private sector, CBOs, FBOs, Universities, International and regional research institutions) ST/LT (vi) Establish and implement mechanisms for resolving natural resource use conflicts (a) Develop mechanisms for identification of potential natural resource conflict hotspots \u2022\ufffd Existence of a framework for identification NRM conflict hotspots \u2022\ufffd Development of"


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"of the KCSAIF 2018-2027_______________________60 List participants of the National Consultative Workshop held at the Laico Regency Hotel, Nairobi List of participants of the National Validation Workshop held at Silver Springs Hotel, Nairobi on List of participants in County consultations________________________________________65 viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Agriculture Sector is the backbone of Kenya\u2019s economy, contributing 25% of National Gross Domestic Product (GDP) directly and another 27% indirectly."


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"of working mechanisms for triggering early warnings \u2022\ufffd Link with regional and international agencies on information on early warning \u2022\ufffd Packaging of early warning information (WMO, KMD, MALF) \u2022\ufffd Collaborate with national institutions on early warning (Departments responsible for meteorology, Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock, Environment, Irrigation) \u2022\ufffd Partner with government on EWS (WMO, NGOs, Development partners, CBO) ST/LT (b) Produce and disseminate downscaled weather information on extreme weather events \u2022\ufffd Number and type of products on weather information \u2022\ufffd Provide timely and appropriately packaged downscaled weather information (KMD, NDMA, MALF \u2022\ufffd Support dissemination of timely and appropriately packaged downscaled weather information (Departments responsible for meteorology, Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock, Environment, Irrigation) \u2022\ufffd Support production, dissemination of timely and appropriately packaged weather information (Media, Regional Institutions, NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, Development partners, Private sector) ST/LT (c) Preparation of contingency plans \u2022\ufffd Number of contingency plans developed \u2022\ufffd Number of communities with contingency plans \u2022\ufffd Provide information to inform development of community contingency planning(KMD, MALF, NDMA, NDOC) \u2022\ufffd Support communities to develop contingency plans \u2022\ufffd Dissemination of downscaled weather information \u2022\ufffd County data aggregation \u2022\ufffd"


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"other natural resources conserved 3.3:Insurance and other safety nets enhanced 3.4:Synergies in adaptation and mitigation enhanced Sub-total 4.0 Communication Systems on CSA Extension and Agro-weather issues strengthened and mainstreamed 4.1: CSA knowledge generated and disseminated 4.2: Extension on climate info services and agro-weather advisories enhanced Sub-total 5.0 Monitoring & Evaluation Sub-total TOTAL Ten year KCSAIF investment plan and budget (2018-2027) Team of Experts involved in development of the KCSAIF 2018-2027 NAME ORGANIZATION EMAIL ADDRESS 1. Dr. Michael Obora Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, State Department of Agriculture michaelobora@yahoo.com 2."


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"paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and  measures as components of nationally determined  contributions where paragraph I(b)above is _not  Page 8 of 19 Yu,\fREPUBLIC OF KENYA  MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY  applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information  reference point(s)  @  (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed | 32% reduction in greenhouse gas emission compared to 2030 BAU numerically, for example in percentage or amount of | (baseline) scenario levels."


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"partners  Key Players: Interdepartme ntal committee of experts on M&E, External M&E experts, Internal Auditors, External Auditors, Office of the PM  Key Players: Investment Promotion Centre, NEMA, Government, Local Authorities, KIRDI, KIPI, KEBS, KNPC, NGOs, local & foreign experts & development partners  Key Players: Government, KFS, KARI, KEFRI, NEMA, ICRAF, ICIPE, local & int\u2019l NGOs & Development partners Figure 5: The Proposed Climate Change Governance Structure\fThe Climate Change Secretariat to be established at MEMR will provide secretarial functions for the two committees (NCCACC and NCCSC)."


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"partnerships and collaboration with institutions with expertise in CSA \u2022\ufffd No of institution with working partnerships \u2022\ufffd No of collaboration activities \u2022\ufffd Policy guidance \u2022\ufffd Institutional framework for coordinating CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Establish networks and partnerships (MALF, MENR) \u2022\ufffd Institutional framework for coordinating CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Establish networks and partnerships \u2022\ufffd (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Lobby government \u2022\ufffd Establish networks and partnerships \u2022\ufffd (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT (ii) Improve CSA knowledge and skills among technical personnel (a) Undertake training needs assessment for CSA \u2022\ufffd Training Needs Assessment report \u2022\ufffd Carry out training needs assessment (MALF, MENR) \u2022\ufffd Participate in training needs assessment (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, County Public Service Boards) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Technical assistance \u2022\ufffd (Development partners, private sector, KEPSA, KENAFF, CBO, NGOs, academic and research institutions) ST/LT (b) Organize and conduct trainings on CSA \u2022\ufffd No."


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"pastoralists and farmers \u2022\ufffd Political interference Overlap of mandates among State agencies Efficiency and effectiveness in planning and implementation Improve coordination among State Agencies \u2022\ufffd Limited cooperation among relevant institutions OPPORTUNITY ISSUE TO ADDRESS WHAT TO DO WITH OPPORTUNITY THREATS Existence of global and regional institutions addressing CSA related issues Capacity development, networking and advocacy Strengthen linkages and collaboration \u2022\ufffd Divergent interests among actors Existence and dynamism of conventions, protocols and standards Global guidelines on implementation of CSA related action plans Adaptation and review of conventions, protocols and standards \u2022\ufffd Political and economic considerations \u2022\ufffd Bureaucratic processes and procedures IV Cross-cutting: (a) Finance STRENGTH ISSUE TO ADDRESS WHAT TO DO WITH STRENGTH THREATS The existence of financial support for CSA Climate smart agriculture financing Enhance efficient financial systems to manage CSA funds \u2022\ufffd Budget cut and reallocation \u2022\ufffd Changes in Government policies and regulations on financial management \u2022\ufffd Changes in government funding and expenditure priorities \u2022\ufffd Poor governance WEAKNESS ISSUE TO ADDRESS WHAT TO DO WITH WEAKNESS THREATS Limited access to CSA funds Funds for CSA implementation Enhance capacity to"


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"people by gender in drought prone areas in the county with access to reliable and safe water supplies \u2022\ufffd Number of ministries that have received training for staff operating at county level on the costs and benefits of adaptation, including valuation of ecosystem services."


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"phenomena Promotion of the desired species that have adaptive capacity Propagation and promotion of the species to build on resilience \u2022\ufffd Diminishing access and availability of adaptive genetic species WEAKNESS ISSUE TO ADDRESS WHAT TO DO WITH WEAKNESS THREATS Low adaptive capacity of local communities Diminishing agricultural productivity Promote measures that strengthen adaptive capacity \u2022\ufffd Limited resources \u2022\ufffd Cultural mindset that limits adoption Over-reliance on rain-fed production Vulnerability to changing precipitation patterns Promote measures to reduce vulnerability of farmers, pastoralists and fisher folk \u2022\ufffd Dynamic climate changes which is beyond our control Low adoption/uptake of technologies Inefficient production systems Enhance adoption/uptake of technology \u2022\ufffd Limited resources \u2022\ufffd Cultural mindset that limit adoption Susceptibility to extreme weather events Capacity for resilience Promotion of interventions that enhance resilience capacity and risk mitigation \u2022\ufffd Limited resources \u2022\ufffd Cultural mindset that limit adoption Competition for natural resources Sustainable natural resource base Rationalize use of natural resources to ensure appropriate and sustainable utilization \u2022\ufffd Conflicts on natural resource use e.g."


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"planting trees in urban centres to moderate temperatures and ensure fresh air for healthy living, and \u2022\ufffd choosing healthy paths to a low-carbon fu- ture (e.g. promoting the safe use of public transportation and active movement such as biking or walking as alternatives to using private vehicles) could reduce carbon diox- ide emissions and improve public health."


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"practices, \u2022\ufffd integrating a long-term climate-risk perspective into district planning and investments, \u2022\ufffd strengthening research on better market- ing strategies/identification of new market niches for livestock products, and \u2022\ufffd validating indigenous knowledge (IK) with a view to disseminating it for integration into conventional technologies."


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"project types to the most difficult and least viable (low hanging fruits first to build momentum), \u2022\ufffd creating a database of existing projects, emission reduction volumes, other benefits, project developers, financiers, government support, and \u2022\ufffd exploring ways of integrating carbon markets into the main economy and opening it to conventional legal and banking systems. 4.2.5.2 Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing Countries Carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation account for about 20% of global anthropogenic emissions (IPCC-WG I, 2007)."


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"protection of riparian reserves, fish landing stations, wildlife corridors, stock routes and off- farm activities) \u2022\ufffd Number and types of programmes / projects \u2022\ufffd Resources \u2022\ufffd Formulate programmes and projects \u2022\ufffd Coordinate implementation of programmes and projects (MALF, NEMA, MENR, KALRO, KEFRI, NACOSTI and KMFRI, MDP)\f |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority TimelineST MT 3-6 yrs LT > 6) Indicative Budget (Billions in KSh) National Government County Government Other Stakeholders (iii) Promote water harvesting and storage, irrigation infrastructure development and efficient water use."


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"putting meas- ures to reduce poverty and empower mar- ginal communities through: - tackling underlying vulnerability/ poverty as detailed by the Vision 2030 (especially important for slow-onset disasters), - mainstreaming risk and adaptation within the Government plans and budgets, - using the development of a National Adaptation Platform as a tool to mainstream climate change adaptation, initiate systematic development programmes and enhance national partnership with UN agencies, - investing in \u2018climate-proofing\u2019 development agenda and increasing awareness of DRR in projects, - investing in local adaptive capacity e.g."


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"putting measures to reduce poverty and empower marginal communities and people Disaster Risk Reduction promoting flexibility in approaches to di- saster risk management Disaster Risk Reduction creating financial mechanisms for disas- ter management and invest in regional partnerships; strategic fund for disaster management Mainstreaming climate change education and awareness Climate-proofing the ICT sector; acceler- ated development of the sector to help mitigate, e.g. through telecommuting Ministry of Special Pro- grammes, NDOC, KMD, ICPAC, Devt."


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"qe \fREPUBLIC OF KENYA  MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY  The Integrated MRV system, which is coordinated from the Climate Change Directorate, is embedded in the Climate Change Act which obligates all State and Non-State climate change actors to report on all their climate change activities on an annual basis."


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"radio, television, and printed materials as well as theatre, storytelling and other traditional community media), \u2022\ufffd Improving access to climate change information: This should be done through formats and communication channels 5.0 Communication, Education and Awareness Programmes 43  Kiswahili for public forums 44  See   Climate change awareness is low countrywide. The need for awareness creation, targeting specific groups and communities, and using different tools and media such as the print and electronic media, drama, community forums (barazas) is therefore pressing."


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"reduce harm- ful/toxic gases such as methane emis- sions from anaerobic degradation Countrywide Environmental Clinics to dis- seminate and share information with the youth on environmental issues Keep Kenya \u201cKlean\u201d (3K) campaign tar- geting the removal of all harmful includ- ing global warming substances like CFCs Youth Sensitization Programmes on En- vironmental Management and Climate Change to e.g."


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"reduced emissions from rice production Emissions from the flooding of rice are relatively low in Kenya, and the potential reductions from mitigation actions would not be substantial enough at the national level to form a wedge in the low-carbon analysis. However, emissions from rice production systems can be reduced through the promotion of rain-fed rice, and the development and promotion of programmes and technologies for efficient rice production."


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"reduction  (e) Information on sources of data used in quantifying the | The reference indicator was quantified based on projected national  total GHG emissions in 2030 reported in Kenya s NCCAP 2013- 2017.  Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators.  The national total GHG emissions in 2030 may be updated and recalculated due to continuous methodological improvements or data availability. Information on updates made will be included in the NIR and/or Biennial Transparency Reports."


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"reduction in the size of cattle herds A reduction in herd size leading to smaller and healthier herds was suggested as a strategy, and agricultural experts suggested this was taking place in some regions, such as Mandera County. The experts agreed that such an action would not work in the short term because of socio-cultural reasons linked to the importance of cattle in rural Kenya."


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"reduction, recycling and reuse Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita and domestic material consumption per GDP National recycling rate, tons of material recycled Improved Charcoal Production Systems Goal 15 - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss 15.2 - By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally Progress towards sustainable forest management Source: United Nations (2017)."


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"reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year;  (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, Not applicable."


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"references 1 Kenya submitted its Intended NDC, which previously had been submitted to the UNFCCC on 25 July 2015, as its NDC when it ratified the Paris Agreement. See: Government of Kenya (2015). Kenya\u2019s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 23 July 2015. Nairobi: Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. Accessed at:   2 Various entities are providing technical assistance to the Government of Kenya for NDC development."


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"representative of current conditions) keeps herd sizes stable in ASALs.165 Increased probability of drought to once every three years has the potential to decrease herd sizes, due to increased mortality and poorer reproductive performance of the animals.166 Recent drought- associated food insecurity has been highest among the pastoralists and small-scale mixed farmers found within these regions.167  For the fisheries sector, climate change-induced\f  degradation of both freshwater and marine environments is likely to have significant implications for associated biodiversity and fisheries."


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"research supporting Dissemination activities \u2022\ufffdFunding (Regional and International Research Institutions, Private sector) LT (c) Build the capacity of extension service providers, producers and other stakeholders in the use of existing/ new /improved CSA technologies and practices \u2022\ufffdNumber and type of capacity building programmes developed \u2022\ufffdNumber of stakeholders trained, equipped and facilitated \u2022\ufffdNumber of private sector actors distributing CSA technologies \u2022\ufffdIdentify capacity needs \u2022\ufffdDevelopment of capacity building programmes \u2022\ufffdCarry out capacity building (MALF, KALRO, KEMFRI, KEFRI Academic Institutions) \u2022\ufffdPromote stakeholder involvement in outreach and distribution of CSA technologies \u2022\ufffdAvailing staff for capacity building \u2022\ufffdConduct trainings \u2022\ufffdProvide extension services (County Departments that offer extension services) \u2022\ufffdFarmer sensitization \u2022\ufffdDevelop outreach and distribution networks \u2022\ufffdLobby government to facilitate CSA outreach and distribution of CSA technologies (NGOs FBOs CBOs, Private Sector and Development Partners) LT (iv) Diversification of enterprises and alternative livelihoods (a) Promote integrated farming systems comprising crops, livestock, aquaculture and farm forestry \u2022\ufffd Number of farmers practicing integrated farming \u2022\ufffd Promotion of appropriate integrated farming systems \u2022\ufffd Building of capacity of stakeholders on integrated farming systems (MALF) \u2022\ufffd Identification of appropriate integrated farming systems \u2022\ufffd Conduct trainings \u2022\ufffd Farmer extension services (County Departments that offer extension services) \u2022\ufffd Promote and invest in integrated"


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"responsible for Finance, Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Lobby for CSA funding \u2022\ufffd Develop project proposals \u2022\ufffd Capacity building on proposal development (CBOs, NGO, CSOs, FBOs, Private Sector, ) ST (b) Coordinate and implement National and County CSA activities (Recurrent, Development) \u2022\ufffd Number of National and County activities coordinated and implemented \u2022\ufffd Coordinate, monitor and evaluate joint National CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Develop work plans and budgets for National CSA activities (MALF, MENR, TNT, MDP) \u2022\ufffd Implement CSA activities \u2022\ufffd Develop work plans and budgets for County CSA activities (Departments responsible for Finance, Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Fisheries) \u2022\ufffd Provide fund through either loans, donations or grants (Development partners -bilateral and multi- lateral; Financial Institutions, CBOs, NGO, CSOs, FBOs, Private Sector) SR/LT |Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy| Strategies Activities Measure of achievement Responsibilities and Institutions Priority Timeline (ST <3 yrs; MT 3-6 yrs Budget (Billions in KSh) National Government Other Stakeholders (ii) Promotion of strategic partnerships with private sector and development partners (a) Formulate proposals for joint programs and projects for CSA s with private, sector and development partners to"


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"risks & impacts Growth in the agriculture sector is susceptible to the vagaries of weather, including droughts, floods and extreme weather events, as illustrated in Figure 3.4. Agricultural systems in Kenya are highly vulnerable to climate change due to limited economic resources for investment in more resilient production systems, low levels of technological development or adoption of developed technology, heavy reliance on rain-fed agriculture (98%), frequent droughts and floods, and endemic crop and livestock diseases."


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"risks and impacts NCCAP analysis established that climate change is threatening vital infrastructure such as road and rail networks as well as water and energy systems. Depending on its location, transport infrastructure in Kenya is vulnerable to climate change such as increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns. Sea level rise, storms, rain and flooding, and higher temperatures pose several risks for transport infrastructure."


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"road and fuel levies to reduce unnecessary travel, \u2022\ufffd strictly enforcing vehicle inspection rules to ensure motor vehicles are well-maintained in order to reduce pollution."


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"seasonal and annual variation rainfall over Mombasa (Coastal Kenya) A: Total Annual Rainfall Trend: The total Annual rainfall received depicts a steady decline over the years Source: Data and figure from KMD, 2012 B: March-April-May (MAM) Rainfall Trend: The total rainfall received during the Long Rains (MAM) Season depicts a steady decline over the years Source: Data and figure from KMD, 2012 C: October-November-December (OND) Rainfall Trend: The total rainfall received during the Short Rains (OND) Season depicts a slight increase over the years Source: Data and figure from KMD, 2012 Figure 41: Trend in the seasonal and annual variation rainfall over Lodwar (NW Kenya) A: Total Annual Rainfall Trend: The total Annual rainfall received depicts a slight increase over the years Source: Data and figure from KMD, 2012 B: March-April-May (MAM) Rainfall Trend: The total rainfall received during the Long Rains (MAM) Season depicts a steady decline over the years Source: Data and figure from KMD, 2012 C: October-November-December (OND) Rainfall Trend: The total rainfall received during the Long Rains (OND) Season depicts a steady increase over the years Source: Data and figure from KMD, 2012 In summary, rainfall trends in Kenya since 1960 have the following characteristics:128 \ufffd"


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"set of processes covering the flows of know-how, experience and equipment for mitigating and adapting to climate change amongst different stakeholders such as governments, private sector entities, financial institutions, nongovernmental organisations and research/education Technology transfer is one of the \u2018building blocks\u2019 of the Bali Action Plan (BAP), which calls for enhanced action on technology development and transfer to support action on mitigation and adaptation, including, inter alia, consideration of: \u2022\ufffd effective mechanisms and enhanced means for the removal of obstacles to, 47 IPCC (2000) Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer: A Special Report of the Working Group III of the IPCC-Summary for Policy Makers,p.4, Research, Technology Development, Absorption and Diffusion \u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 National Climate Change Response Strategy and provision of financial and other in- centives for, scaling up of the develop- ment and transfer of technology to devel- oping country Parties in order to promote access to affordable environmentally sound technologies, \u2022\ufffd ways to accelerate deployment, diffusion and transfer of affordable environmen- tally sound technologies, \u2022\ufffd cooperation on research and development of current, new and innovative technol- ogy, including win-win solutions, and \u2022\ufffd the effectiveness of mechanisms and tools for technology cooperation in spe- cific"


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"shift of freight from road to rail A large majority of freight movements currently are undertaken by road transport. This scenario assumes that approximately 30 percent of transit freight is moved on the Standard Gauge Railway by 2030.12 Additional information is available in the fact sheets in the NCCAP low-carbon analysis in the transport sector, accessible at:   Fact sheets for the six mitigation sectors have been compiled into one document that is available at:"


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"short term: completed A NAMA Support Project has been approved that will provide financial support of EUR 15.5 million to mobilize a development loan with reduced interest rate to fund the construction of the BRT Line 3, which is one of five bus corridors planned as part of greater Nairobi\u2019s MRT system. Additionally, the NAMA Support Project will provide funding of EUR 4.5 million to build the institutional capacity of Nairobi Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (NaMATA)."


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"short-term: in progress KFS has developed a funding proposal for the Green Schools Programme. development partners The Mau reforestation project was supported by the Governments of Netherlands, Norway and Untied States. The Greenbelt Movement is supported by various funders including UNDP/ GEF, Clinton Climate Initiative and Government of Germany. The CDM projects were supported through the World Bank\u2019s Biocarbon Fund with carbon credits to be received by the Governments of France, Italy, Japan, Spain and Luxembourg."


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"sorghum, cassava, pigeon pea, sweet potato, \u2022\ufffd promoting agricultural produce post-harvest processing, storage and value-added, \u2022\ufffd breeding of animals from various agro- ecological zones that adapt well to climatic variances, and \u2022\ufffd providing special livestock insurance schemes to spread and transfer risks from climate change. Chapter 4 specifies interventions to be undertaken in all the vulnerable sectors including in the water, agriculture, forestry, energy, wildlife, rangelands, coastal, infrastructure, etc.  On-going interventions are highlighted as well as proposing new measures."


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"special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management \u2022 Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities \u2022 Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse \u2022 National recycling rate, tons of material recycled Source: United Nations (2017)."


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"starch from cassava, re-afforestation by Total Kenya and Safaricom. 2.4 Inadequate knowledge by actors of the climate change-agriculture nexus, and the subsequent impact on agricultural GDP and economic development. 2.5 The economic effects of extreme weather events on agricultural enterprises and agro-based infrastructure. 2.6 Inadequate mechanisms for risk management in the agricultural sector e.g. early warning systems and agricultural insurance."


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"status The Climate Change Act, 2016 was signed into law on 6th May 2016 by his Excellency the President of the Republic of Kenya, and commenced on 27th May 2016. The law states that the National Climate Change Council is responsible for overall coordination and advisory functions. National Climate Change Action Plans are the basis for implementing climate change activities every five-year period."


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"status The MENR has developed the Kenya Climate Knowledge Portal, a virtual online platform in the form of a one-stop climate change portal to enable public access to climate change information. The MENR also maintains a website on the National Climate Change Action Plan. development partners The USAID-funded, UNDP-managed LECRD project provided support to develop the knowledge management system."


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"status The draft National Climate Change Framework Policy was approved by Cabinet on 13th October 2016 for submission to Parliament as a sessional paper. The policy sets out an integrated regulatory framework for climate change governance that sets up an overarching national legislative framework; and a technical institutional framework to guide policy and implementation of climate change legal obligations of the national and county governments. The policy recommends an institutional coordination mechanism with high- level convening power."


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"status description KFS is improving its accounting methods and processes to measure and track land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) emissions, including the establishment of a national forest inventory and national land classification system to estimate removals and emissions from the LULUCF sector. REDD+ readiness activities include the development of a Reference Emission Level/Forest Reference Level, development of a National Forest Monitoring System and development of a Safeguard Information System."


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"sustainable land management Combining and averaging divergent cost data that was found for sustainable agricultural practices and for conservation tillage, which both require similar extension service efforts and in the case of sustainable agriculture includes tillage practices, provided a cost of USD 31.15 per tonne of CO2e abated per year. Per hectare costs were divergent and were averaged to arrive at a figure of USD 14.36 per hectare per year."


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"sustainable thermal energy-electricity conversion) in line with the Energy Policy (2004) in order to reduce the country\u2019s reliance on fossil fuel imports, which currently account for 25% of Kenya\u2019s foreign exchange earnings,34 \u2022\ufffd developing waste-to-energy programmes for converting municipal solid waste (MSW) into energy for domestic supply. Such programmes have other added benefits including improving health and lowering demand for both landfilling waste and fossil fuels, and \u2022\ufffd developing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) programmes detailing mitigation opportunities in energy, transport and other sectors."


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"systems \u2022\ufffd Conduct trainings \u2022\ufffd Farmer extension services (County Departments that offer extension services) \u2022\ufffd Promote and invest in integrated farming system technologies \u2022\ufffd Provision of extension services (Private Sector, INGOs, NGOs and Development Partners) LT (b) Promote non- agricultural enterprises as alternative livelihoods \u2022\ufffd Number of entrepreneurs \u2022\ufffd Number of non- agricultural initiatives/enterprises \u2022\ufffd Promotion of non- agricultural livelihood options \u2022\ufffd Building of capacity on alternative livelihoods (MALF, Social services) \u2022\ufffd Flag non-agricultural business opportunities \u2022\ufffd Train on non-agricultural enterprises \u2022\ufffd Avail seed money to support non-agricultural investments \u2022\ufffd (County Departments responsible for entrepreneurship, trade and extension services) \u2022\ufffd Startup of non- agricultural business \u2022\ufffd Provision of capital and advisory services \u2022\ufffd Capacity building on non-agricultural business (Producers, NGOs, FBOs) ST (v) Enhance productivity and profitability of agricultural enterprises (a) Promote use of improved technologies and practices in crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry \u2022\ufffd Number of farmers using improved technologies and practices \u2022\ufffd Policy guidance \u2022\ufffd Technology development and packaging \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Irrigation/agricultural Infrastructure \u2022\ufffd Funding (KALRO, MALF, MWI) \u2022\ufffd Rules and regulations for implementation \u2022\ufffd Technology dissemination \u2022\ufffd Capacity building (County Assembly, Departments of Agriculture, Irrigation, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry) \u2022\ufffd Extension service provision \u2022\ufffd Farmer"


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"temperature rise, change in precipitation, extreme weather events, sea level rise and other seasonal shifts) will affect phenomena such as floods, drought, water shortages (supply and quality), human and domestic health risks, habitat loss, etc. Further, there is limited information regarding the country\u2019s vulnerability to climate change impacts. This is also true regarding the knowledge level of GHG emissions and mitigation capacity (carbon-dioxide absorption/ sequestration capacity) of key natural resources such as rangelands, lakes and rivers."


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"terms of primary energy and GDP \u2022 Investments in energy efficiency as a proposition of GDP and the amount of foreign direct investment in financial transfers for infrastructure and technology to sustainable development services Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns 12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources \u2022 Material footprint, material footprint per capita, material footprint per GDP \u2022 Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP \u2022 Improved and LPG cook stoves \u2022 Solar lanterns \u2022 Landfill gas generation Ensure healthy lives and promote well- being for all at all ages 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination \u2022 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution \u2022 Landfill gas generation \u2022 Improved cook stoves \u2022 Energy efficient light bulbs and appliances \u2022 Solar water heaters Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management \u2022 Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and"


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"the Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) 14  Water scarcity refers to a situation where a country\u2019s water resource availability is less than 1000 m3 per capita per year\f2.2.2 Impacts on Key Economic Sectors Kenya\u2019s key economic sectors include agriculture, tourism, livestock, horticulture, fisheries, and forestry. In 2006, the agricultural sector contributed 26% to the country\u2019s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a further 27% through linkages with other sectors, while the tourism and fisheries sectors contributed 10% and 0.5%, respectively."


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"the Community Development Trust Fund Lead Agency to take this Action forward Ministry of Finance Stakeholder support required to take the action forward A multi-departmental Task Force to steer the establishment of the Fund with representatives from, amongst others, the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources. Civil society, Kenya Private Sector Alliance, Kenya Association of Manufacturers and Kenya Bank- ers Association should be involved in design."


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"the Constitution of Kenya, the Climate Change Act 2016, the Climate Change Framework Policy and the Paris Agreement, 2015. 5.2 Poor enforcement of laws and policies relating to CSA. 5.3 Bill of Rights in the Kenya Constitution 2010 which supports inclusivity and equity and Chapter 5 of the constitution that supports sustainable natural resource management."


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"the Early Warning Sys- tem (EWS) of the Kenya Arid Lands and Resource Management Project (ALRMP) and National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC), - monitor research and outputs of NGOs and other organisations to encourage collaboration rather than duplication, \u2022\ufffd developing structures that facilitate sus- tained application of the National Disaster Management Policy by: - investing in implementing structures with clear responsibilities and points of contact, - building partnerships with local com- munities, Vulnerability Assessment, Impact Monitoring and Capacity Building\f\u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 National Climate Change Response Strategy - providing a role for national leadership in international policy dialogue e.g."


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"the Kenya Meteorological Department and IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), \u2022\ufffd mobilising and enhancing the capacity of the Government, employers and workers\u2019 organisations to contribute to coherent policies and effective programmes leading to greening economies with green jobs, 46  CO2 Emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using IEA\u2019s energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines."


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"the Mumias Sugar Company Cogeneration Project, \u2022\ufffd landfill gas waste management, which is still an untapped CDM potential in Kenya, \u2022\ufffd efficient hydroelectric power generating equipment to replace the old technology currently in use, \u2022\ufffd wind power generation, which has huge potential in northern parts of the coun- try, \u2022\ufffd geothermal power generation technolo- gies, \u2022\ufffd energy efficiency technologies, \u2022\ufffd technologies that remove industrial GHG such as perfluorocarbons, hydrofluorocar- bons, etc, and \u2022\ufffd innovative agricultural (land-use) tech- nologies that reduce GHG emissions while delivering economic benefits to poor communities, among others. 7.2.2 Technology Transfer through UNIDO The UN report Acting on Climate Change: the UN System Delivering as One (2008) identified UNIDO as one of the UN bodies through which coordination of the transfer of clean technology to the developing world can be facilitated."


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"the integration of climate change actions into decision making and implementation of functions by the sector ministries, state corporations and county governments; \u201cmitigation\u201d means efforts that seek to prevent or slow down the increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by limiting current or future emissions and enhancing potential sinks for greenhouse gases, 2016 Climate Change \u201cpublic entity\u201d means a body or person with functions of a public nature; \u201cprivate entity\u2019 means a body or person with functions of a private nature, and includes bodies registered under the Public Benefits Organisations Act, 2013; \u201crecycling\u201d, in relation to any waste, includes recovery and re-use whether or not the waste is subjected to any process and cognate expressions are to be construed accordingly; and \u201cwaste\u201d has the meaning assigned to it in section 2 of the Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, 1999. 3."


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"through altering the timing of planting dates to adapt to changing conditions, \u2022\ufffd enhanced financial and technical support to the Orphan Crops Programme so that indigenous and more drought tolerant food crops like cassava, millet, sorghum sweet potatoes can be re-introduced into the farming systems, \u2022\ufffd promoting irrigated agriculture by developing irrigation schemes along river basins, construction of water basins and pans, but also reconfiguring irrigated production systems to use water more efficiently and to accommodate the use of marginal quality water, \u2022\ufffd addressing land degradation by building soil and stone bunds, creating grass strips and contour levelling as well as incorporating trees or hedgerows."


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"through creation of alternative sources of livelihoods such as bee-keeping, aquaculture, etc Reducing the sector\u2019s  carbon emissions through promotion of solar lamps for \u201cda- gaa\u201d fishing, solar driers for fish curing, improved energy fish smoking ovens, etc, and planting of trees around ponds Climate change education and public awareness among the riparian communi- ties Afforestation and Reforestation targeting additional 4.1 million Ha of land under forest cover \u2022\ufffd Rehabilitation\ufffdand\ufffdrestoration\ufffd\ufffdof\ufffdall\ufffdde- graded forests and riverine vegetation \u2022\ufffd Production\ufffd of\ufffd 3.5\ufffd billion\ufffd seedlings\ufffd in\ufffd 35,000 schools countrywide KMFRI,  KIPRA and other re- search institutions Min."


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"through skills sharing forums/ initiatives, and \u2022\ufffd creating financial mechanisms for disaster management and invest in regional part- nerships through: - the use of the National Disaster Management Policy to facilitate the introduction of Disaster Trust Funds, risk transfer mechanisms and formal donor partnerships, - building on regional partnerships to share costs and expertise, and pool resources at the district level with the engagement of NGOs, private sector and Government special projects, if necessary through regulation, - investing in institutional capacity building, collaborative projects and networks (to increase awareness on international funding) and strengthen links with development banks and donor agencies, - the use of international funding opportunities e.g."


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"through the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN- ISDR) hosted workshops, ICPAC training forums, the media and regional links; invest in \u2018translators\u2019 working manuals, - engage people at the grassroots to build on existing coping/adaptation mechanisms, \u2022\ufffd providing a coordinating framework to facilitate oversight and national ownership through: - implementing the National Disaster Management Policy with a National Disaster Management Authority (NAD- IMA) to coordinate the activities of different stakeholders and initiatives engaged in disaster management, - building on cross-sectoral liaison within existing disaster and hazard structures e.g."


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"through the demonstration of ECO-SANITATION Technologies, protecting wells and springs, encouraging rain water harvesting, and promotion of proper stor- age of domestic water Addressing childhood malnutrition through enhanced feeding programmes,  microte- aching  during clinical visits and purchase & supply of pediatric mixes, Vitamin A and other Vitamins supplements Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min. of Medical Services, Bilateral partners, Private sector KEMRI, Min. of Public Health and Sanitation, Min. of Medi- cal Services, Bilateral part- ners, Private sector KEMRI, Min."


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"through the promotion of water harvesting techniques such as harvesting water from roof catchment at household level, \u2022\ufffd developing artificial re-charging of groundwater for threatened aquifers, \u2022\ufffd protecting flood plains through construction of dykes and river dredging, \u2022\ufffd putting in place adequate hydrometric network to monitor river flows and flood warning telemetric systems, and \u2022\ufffd introducing financial instruments such as subsidies to promote technologies that use water efficiently."


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"through value addition to agricultural products and financial support for sericulture and apiculture with the aim of reducing reliance on climate-sensitive agricultural practices, \u2022\ufffd Kenya also needs to create functional linkages with development partners for technology enterprise initiatives, \u2022\ufffd re-invigorating agricultural research and development (R&D) to produce crop varieties that can withstand projected climate variability."


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"to display \u2018airtime top-up messages\u2019 on climate change. 5. Vulnerability assessments, GHGs and climate change impacts monitoring, and capacity building framework There is inadequate national and local information on how climate change elements \u2013 temperature rise, change in precipitation, extreme weather events, sea level rise and other seasonal shifts \u2013 will affect phenomena such as floods, drought, water shortages (supply and quality), air quality, human health, and habitat loss."


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"to re- stock herds after decimation by starvation caused by droughts26, \u2022\ufffd regular vaccination campaigns and cross border disease surveillance to reduce infections by migrating animals, \u2022\ufffd setting up measures to institutionalise Early Warning Systems on droughts, floods and disease outbreaks, \u2022\ufffd training communities on identification and establishment of emergency fodder banks from crop residues, growing seasonal/ perennial fodder trees and grasses, preservation of seasonal wetlands during droughts and moving livestock into these during dry spells, as well as identification of forage types that suits various agro- ecological zones, \u2022\ufffd investing in programmes to harvest and store fodder for use during dry seasons."


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"tropical cyclone, oil spills, marine accidents, store surges and strong ocean waves, etc.) within the country. It uses modern technologies in ocean monitoring as new developments in ocean climate modelling require that the data be accurate and the system be durable to maximise the system\u2019s ability for early detection of tsunamis and weather and climate modelling activities.  African Satellite Meteorology Education and Training (ASMET)  The ASMET began in 1997 with the aim of reducing the impact of weather related disasters in Africa."


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"under a REDD+ scheme), and \u2022\ufffd determining the carbon sequestration capacity of various indigenous species by age, ecology, spacing and the effects of climate variables. In line with the recommendations of the report \u2018Protecting Health from Climate Change: Global Research Priorities\u2019 by the World Health Organization (2009), the following are some of the priority climate change-related health research areas that Kenya should undertake: \u2022\ufffd assessing the risks of populations to climate change (including short and long- term public health effects of e.g."


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"using crop residues and cow-dung as manure, which, - directly reduces GHG emissions as they are of non-fossil origin (i.e. are renewable and part of the natural cycles), and therefore - according to unpublished data may be better in fixing soil carbon compared to The transport sector accounts for a large share of global GHG emissions and are on the increase even in developing countries where these emissions are still low."


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"utilization of natural resources \u2022 Promote water harvesting and storage, irrigation infrastructure development and efficient water use \u2022 Promote and support conservation and propagation of germplasm of species with adaptive capacity \u2022 Strengthen research, technology and dissemination for sustainable natural resource management \u2022 Establish and implement mechanisms for resolving natural resource use conflicts Source: Government of Kenya (2017)."


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"vii  PREFACE Kenya ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994, and since then the country has been working towards the achievement of the objectives of the convention. As a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (UNFCCC), Kenya is required to periodically report to the Convention through a National Communication that accounts for common but differentiated responsibilities and specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances."


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"water harvesting structures and volume of water harvested 3.2.5: Public Private Partnerships in Natural Resources Management \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Grievance solving mechanisms will be in place Outcome 3.3: Insurance and other safety nets enhanced 3.3.1: Types of index \u2013based insurance products 3.3.2: Types of safety nets services 3.3.3: Value chain actors using index- based insurance services 3.3.4: Value chain actors accessing different safety nets services \u2022 Sector reports on insurance and safety nets \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 Safety nets services will be in place NARRATIVE SUMMARY INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS Outcome 3.4: Synergies in adaptation and mitigation promoted 3.4.1: Functional GHG accounting system in place 3.4.2: Climate smart interventions with adaptation and mitigation benefits 3.4.3: Value chain actors adopting green interventions with adaptation and mitigation \u2022 Sector reports \u2022 Baseline survey \u2022 M&E reports \u2022 GHG accounting system will be developed and availed for use."


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"women, men children, youth, people with disabilities, religious groups, \u2022\ufffd promotional activities and sponsorship of events with climate change themes, e.g."


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"x ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AEZ Agro Ecological Zone AF Adaptation Fund AgGDP Agriculture Gross Domestic Product ASALs Arid and Semi-Arid Lands ASDS Agricultural Sector Development Strategy ASDSP Agricultural Sector Development Support Programme BAU Business as Usual CA Conservation Agriculture CAADP Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme CBOs Community Based Organizations CCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security CCUs Climate Change Units CGIAR Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research CF Climate Finance COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CS Cabinet Secretary CSA Climate Smart Agriculture CSOs Civil Society Organizations DFID Department for International Development EAC East African Community ERS Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FBOs Faith-Based Organizations GAPs Good Agricultural Practices GCF Green Climate Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gas GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaftf\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit GoK Government of Kenya HFCs\ufffd\ufffd Hydrofluorocarbons\ufffd ICT Information and Communications Technology IGF Intergovernmental Forum on Agriculture IKI International Climate Initiative IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IVR Interactive Voice Response IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management JAS-IGS Joint Agriculture Sector-Intergovernmental Secretariat JAS-TWGs"


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"x ABBREVIATIONS: ASALs Arid and Semi-Arid Lands ATAR Adaptation Technical Analysis Report CDKN Climate Development Knowledge Network Methane CO Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide CoP Conference of Parties DoE Directorate of Environment DRSRS Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing FNC First National Communication GCM General Circulation Model GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Greenhouse Gas GoK Government of Kenya HFCs Fluorinated Hydrocarbons ICPAC IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre IGAD Intergovernmental Authority for Development IMTR Institute for Meteorological Training and Research IPCC Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change ITCZ Inter Tropical Convergence Zone IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature KMD Kenya Meteorological Department LECB Low Emission Capacity Building LULUCF Land-Use, Land-Use-Change and Forestry MDG Millennium Development Goals MENRRDA Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Regional Development Authorities Nitrous Oxide NAMAs Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions NAP Draft National Adaptation Plan NCCAP National Climate Change Action Plan NCCRS National Climate Change Response Strategy NCCS National Climate Change Secretariat NEMA National Environment Management Authority NMVOC Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds NOx Nitrogen Oxides PHC Primary Health Care RCM Regional Climate Model SNC Second National"


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"xiv Mitigation: In the context of climate change, human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks\ufffdof\ufffdgreenhouse\ufffdgases\ufffde.g.\ufffdusing\ufffdfossil\ufffdfuels\ufffdmore\ufffdefficiently\ufffdor\ufffdelectricity\ufffdgeneration,\ufffdswitching\ufffdto\ufffd solar energy or wind power from fossil fuels for industrial processes and expanding forests and other \u201csinks\u201d to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions: A set of government prioritized actions aimed at reducing or limiting greenhouse gas emissions."


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"years .28 Temperature Trends 28 Rainfall Patterns 29 2.2 Impacts of Climate Change on Kenya30 Impacts on Natural Systems .30 Impacts on Key Economic Sectors .34 Impacts on Physical and Social Infrastructure .38 STRATEGIC FOCUS 43 3.1 Importance of the NCCRS to Kenya .44 3.3 Strategic Vision, Mission and Objectives 44 3.4 Linkage between the NCCRS, Vision 2030 and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) .47 SECTORAL ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION INTERVENTIONS 49 Agriculture, Horticulture and Food Security 50 Table of Contents \u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 National Climate Change Response Strategy Rangelands, Wildlife and Tourism 56 Social Infrastructure and Human Settlements .56 Physical Infrastructure 57 4.1.10 Fisheries, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems .58 Carbon Markets: a Benefit of Mitigation .64 COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMMES 67 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, IMPACT MONITORING AND CAPACITY BUILDING .71 6.2 Climate Change Impacts and GHG Emissions Monitoring 72 RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, ABSORPTION AND DIFFUSION .77 7.1 Research and Development 78 Agriculture, Livestock and Food Security 78 Wildlife and Rangelands 81 Technology Transfer through the CDM or its Future Successor 83 Technology Transfer through UNIDO 84 Accelerating North-South Technology Transfer 84 South-South Technology Transfer 84 Development Partners\u2019 Initiatives .85 Establishment and Capacity Enhancement of Local Technological Innovation Centres"


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"yrs LT > 6) Indicative Budget (Billions in KSh) National Government County Government Other Stakeholders (ii) Promotion of energy-efficient technologies and innovations (a) Reduce rate of emissions associated with processing and transportation of agricultural inputs and products \u2022\ufffd Percentage reduction in rate of emissions \u2022\ufffd Policy guidance \u2022\ufffd Establish emission baseline \u2022\ufffd Develop, review and enforce regulations \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Resource mobilization \u2022\ufffd Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MALF, MENR, KALRO, AFA, KIRDI, ME&P, MTI, NEMA, MITC, KMFRI) \u2022\ufffd Develop and enforce regulations \u2022\ufffd sensitization and awareness \u2022\ufffd Capacity building, \u2022\ufffd Monitoring and surveillance (Departments responsible for Environment, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Forestry and emergency response) \u2022\ufffd Funding \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Provision of advisory services (Development partners, private sector, other regional and international research institutions) (b) Reduce rate of emissions associated with distances covered and residence-time used for capture fisheries \u2022\ufffd Percentage reduction in rate of emissions \u2022\ufffd Policy guidance \u2022\ufffd Establish emission baseline \u2022\ufffd Develop, review and enforce regulations \u2022\ufffd Carry out restocking \u2022\ufffd Enhance fish abundance \u2022\ufffd Capacity building \u2022\ufffd Resource mobilization (MALF, NEMA, KMFRI) \u2022\ufffd Develop and enforce regulations \u2022\ufffd Sensitization and awareness \u2022\ufffd Capacity building, \u2022\ufffd Carry out restocking to enhance fish abundance \u2022\ufffd Conduct monitoring,"


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"| Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy | KENYA CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE STRATEGY\f Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Kilimo House, Cathedral Road, P. O. Box 30028 \u2013 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Website: www.kilimo.go.ke \u00a9 Government of the Republic of Kenya, 2017 Correct Citation: Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy-2017-2026 Reproduction of this publication for educational or non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission provided the source is fully acknowledged."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 1.2 Current climate trends Kenya\u2019s climate is in\ufb02uenced by global, regional and localised climate conditions. Some of the variability in the country\u2019s climate is due to the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation which has caused periods of drought and \ufb02ooding in the country over decades (Figure 1)."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 5.2 The Adaptation Theory of Change The NAP M&E framework is anchored on a theory of change. The theory of change in Figure 11 represents the short, medium and long term changes expected from the implementation of the NAP under the country\u2019s four MTP pillars under Vision 2030: foundations for national transformation, and economic, social and political pillars. Table 1 outlines the various sectors under each pillar."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 5.3 Performance Indicators for Adaptation The National Performance and Bene\ufb01ts Measurement Framework of the NCCAP proposed adaptation indicators based on the Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) framework. TAMD provides an explicit framework for two paths or \u201ctracks\u201d."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 Acknowledgements The preparation of this document was supported \ufb01nancially by the Technical Assistance (TA) Component of the Strengthening Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change in Kenya Plus (StARCK+) Programme, which is funded by the United Kingdom\u2019s Department for International Development (DFID), and delivered by a Consortium of DAI, Matrix Development Consultants and the International Institute for Sustainable Development."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 NCCC (Chair=President) To provide overaching national climate change coordination mechanism Ministry (Climate Change Affairs) CS=Secretary to NCCC County Assemblies Climate Change Directorate 1. Principal Government agency on national climate change actions 2."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 POPULATION, URBANISATION AND HOUSING Action Enhance the adaptive capacity of the population, urbanisation, and housing sector. Summary A key challenge for Kenya\u2019s sustainable development is ensuring that its large and growing population is provided safe and secure housing. However, many homes and critical infrastructure are not resilient to the impacts of climate change."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 PRIVATE SECTOR/ TRADE; MANUFACTURING; BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING; FINANCIAL SERVICES Action Create enabling environment for the resilience of  private sector investment. Summary The private sector is of critical importance in eradicating poverty and hunger, and developing global partnerships for development."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 This NAP builds on the Adaptation Technical Analysis Report (ATAR) developed under the NCCAP.2 The ATAR provided a detailed analysis of sectors and vulnerabilities in the various counties, identi\ufb01ed adaptation needs in various economic processes, and developed a long list of potential adaptation actions."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 VI The NAP will be distributed widely to national and county government institutions, and amongst non-state actors, to guide their expected implementation roles. It is expected that development partners will \ufb01nd the information helpful in aligning their funding preferences with Kenya\u2019s aspirations to attain a low carbon climate resilient economy by addressing climate change adaptation and mitigation on equal footing."


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"| Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 \u2022\ufffd The Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development will, on advice of the Council, integrate climate change into various disciplines and subjects of the national education curricula at all levels; and advise public agencies responsible for regulating universities and tertiary institutions curricula on the integration of climate change into their curricula. \u2022\ufffd The National Drought Management Authority will continue to coordinate drought management and disaster risk reduction actions under the Ending Drought Emergencies programme in the 23 (ASAL) counties."


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"\u00a2 Harness the mitigation benefits of the sustainable blue economy, including coastal carbon Payment  for Ecosystem Services (PES).  The resource requirements estimates mitigation activities for the period 2020 to 2030 are estimated at USD 17, 725 Million. Subject to national circumstances, Kenya intends to bear 21% (3,725 Million USD) of the mitigation cost from domestic sources, while the balance of USD 14,000 Million (79% of this) is subject to international support. However, these estimated resource requirements may change with changing circumstances.  3.1.1."


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"\u00a7\ufffd Emissions in other sectors grow significantly, with transport emissions increasing by about three times between 2010 and 2030, and emissions from the waste sector and energy demand doubling in the same time period. Kenya\u2019s low-carbon development opportunities  a) Energy The analysis of low-carbon development options in the energy sector considered two categories: 1) electricity supply; and 2) energy demand \u2013 including options such as energy efficiency and fuel switching. In terms of electricity supply, the installed capacity in Kenya in 2011 was 1,411 megawatts."


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"\u00a7\ufffd Environment: Direct impacts of the drought and indirect impacts from wildfires included environmental losses as a result of damages to plant and animal species, habitats, reduced forest productivity, lower water levels, increased livestock and wildlife mortality rates. \u2022\ufffd The\ufffddrought\ufffdin\ufffdKenya\ufffdhad\ufffdprofound\ufffdimpacts\ufffdon\ufffdmany\ufffdcommunities,\ufffddestroying\ufffd livelihoods and increasing vulnerability.  In pastoralist areas where men are traditionally responsible for livestock, reduced herd sizes forced men to migrate to urban centres for wage-employment."


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"\u00a7\ufffd Forestry sector emissions are likely to decline after 2020 due to the reduced clearing of forests and increases in the number and size of trees, a result of tree- planting programmes and a reduced projection in wood harvesting. \u00a7\ufffd Agriculture and forestry sectors are the largest emitters, accounting for approximately 72 per cent of emissions in 2010 and 65 per cent in 2030, mainly due to emissions from livestock and deforestation."


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"\u00a7\ufffd Livestock: The livestock sector experienced the worst impacts, losing approximately KSh 699 billion, with KSh56 billion in damages due to costs from veterinary care, water, feeds and production decline and KSh 643 billion in losses due to animal deaths. \u00a7\ufffd Fisheries: The total value of the effect of the drought on fisheries was estimated at KSh 4.2 billion, comprising  KSh 3.6 billion in losses and KSh 0.5 billion in damages."


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"\u00a7\ufffd There are a number of external development partner initiatives that Kenya should explore to fund these activities, including the African Carbon Support Programme of the African Development Bank and the Climate Initiative for Development of the World Bank. \u00a7\ufffd The Ministry of Finance could also determine, and then establish, the appropriate home for a unit that develops and promotes projects responsible for generating carbon credits, both in the compliance and voluntary markets."


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"\u00a9 2017 Government of Kenya Reproduction of this publication for educational or non-commercial purposes is authorized without written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is strictly prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder."


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"\u00b7\ufffd Adaptation \u2013 Reducing vulnerability to avoid or cushion the impacts of climate change, and enable people to respond to climate risks by moving toward a climate- resilient society. \u00b7\ufffd Mitigation \u2013 Taking actions, where possible, to encourage GHG emissions that are lower than business-as-usual practice; and to reduce the human causes of emissions by moving toward a resource efficient economy that is as low carbon as possible."


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"\u00b7\ufffd At primary schools introduce children early to climate change adaptation practices using subjects such as science and nature and where possible all other subjects \u00b7\ufffd At secondary school level introduce content on climate change particular aspects relevant to the Kenyan situation \u2013 aforestation; clean energy alternatives and climate smart agriculture \u00b7\ufffd At middle level colleges, train technicians in needed skills such as solar energy systems development and maintenance; geothermal energy; wind power generation and agriculture extension that emphasises technologies for growing drought tolerant crop varieties and livestock \u00b7\ufffd At university, infuse climate change into all professional courses Areas of relevance: Targeted measures towards developing expertise in climate change need to be taken proactively."


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"\u00b7\ufffd Others include the Kenya Environment Information Network (KEIN) used by NEMA as well as a large base of none-codified indigenous knowledge that communities have adopted as coping techniques in response to climate change effects. Although the organisations are developing these repositories of information and knowledge, the next step of interlinking those repositories to make them widely accessible is yet to take place."


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"\u00b7\ufffd The Ministry of State for Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands uses databases and publications \u00b7\ufffd The Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) uses a database documented best practices \u00b7\ufffd The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)  uses databases, library services, online scientific journals, web portals and scientific content management sites."


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"\u00d8\ufffd A number of indirect impacts, such as increased rates of runoff and soil erosion, and increased crop losses from wildlife migrations, insects, diseases and weeds, could significantly magnify production losses. \u00d8\ufffd Declines in agricultural production will be detrimental for the food security and human health of small-scale subsistence farmers and their local communities."


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"\u00d8\ufffd Approximately 60 per cent of the country\u2019s livestock is found in the ASALs, which constitute about 80 per cent of the country\u2019s land mass and which are home of 30 per cent of the country\u2019s population.54 Pastoralism is the dominant form of livestock-keeping in the ASALs and given the recourse to mobility to manage climate variability, pastoralism is inherently adaptive. However, the increased frequencies of extreme weather events multiply the impact of factors that constrain pastoralists\u2019 livelihoods."


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"\u2018climate- proof the infrastructure.\u2019\fwind intensities on windmills (Benno and others, 2007) as well as measures to deal with such impacts. Considering infrastructural development funds, a maintenance component should be factored in to take care of the damage caused to the infrastructure by extreme weather events such as floods that sweep away roads and bridges, \u2022\ufffd carrying out geotechnical site investigations (GSIs) to determine areas that are appropriate and/or inappropriate for infrastructural development, e.g."


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"\u2018together we can tackle climate change\u2019 Action Plan, Implementation Framework and Resource Mobilization Plan Action Plan, Implementation Framework and Resource Mobilization Plan\f9.1 Action Plan and Costs From Chapters 4 to 8, the Strategy has outlined sectoral adaptation and mitigation interventions, communication and awareness programmes, capacity building, research and development, and climate change governance. The summarised action plan presented in Table 3 outlines specific activities, their 9.0 Action Plan and Resource Mobilisation Plan timeframe, and estimated cost."


