# document

id: 92e251867c72ec76b5b3689dcdabbf1b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4623
content:
"MOA DOF, Department of Energy Affairs, District Agriculture Development Offices, tobacco associations US$ 60 million  unconditional Reduced dependence of farmers on traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events.  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Conservation tillage within for commercial crop farming Use of conservation or zero tillage farming, resulting in avoided GHG emissions from diesel use in tractors used in ploughing and tilling before crop planting."


id: 391e57981fad660f0a5137a686becb36
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1419
content:
"MOA District Agriculture Development Offices, NGOs US$ 1 million  unconditional Reduced dependence on imported fossil fuel energy and increased food security."


id: b9a48ec44cf7626b074cac4073ee0d09
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6000
content:
"MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) District Councils, NGOs, Area and Village Development Committees US$ 18 million  unconditional Reduced dependence on traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events.  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING\uf020 Power Factor Correction Reduced generation of reactive power at power plants resulting in avoided GHG emissions from reduced fossil fuel fuel combustion to generate reactive power."


id: d3caf554fa59f45013144cb2683f448a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6958
content:
"MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, EGENCO, ESCOM, IPPs, Department of Mines, donors US$ 4.8 billion  conditional Not applicable  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 TRANSPORT\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Modal shift: private to passenger transport  Increasing the share of passenger transport from around 10% at present to around 30% in 2040, reducing GHG emissions from gasoline and diesel use."


id: 3115cbf6bd31149662599246180bdd1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1151
content:
"MOE (Department of Energy Affairs), Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (DOF) District Energy Offices, District Forestry Offices, District Councils, NGOs, Area and Village Development Committees US$ 8 million  unconditional Reduced demand for traditional biomass, which helps to reduce pressure on forestry resources with associated reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events.  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Improved firewood cookstoves - rural households (b) Introduction of 2 million improved high efficiency stoves, resulting in carbon sink preservation through reduction in use of unsustainable biomass fuel."


id: bc1a32cb8dee78ffaabe06d06b497be3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6090
content:
"MOFNR (Department of Forestry) FRIM, DFOs, NGOs, local communities, village associations, and traditional authorities, private sector million  c: US$ 549m Adaptation related benefits include reduced soil erosion from loss of forest cover, run-off in steep areas and water purification. Co-benefits include ecosystem related sources of income and improved livelihood, landscape restoration and biodiversity gains."


id: 61e83015d2270a38190dc0522386d6f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2834
content:
"MOFNR (Department of Forestry) FRIM, LUANAR, DFOs, NGOs, local communities, village associations, and traditional authorities. million  c: US$ 6m Agroforestry increases plot and farm resilience while reducing vulnerability to climate change in both agricultural and forestry lands. Co-benefits include ecosystem related sources of income such as sustainable wood (for fuel and timber), fruit, and fodder, and improved livelihood, landscape restoration and biodiversity gains."


id: 8666713a2f330f1e15184e0caccfb48b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4175
content:
"MOFNR (Department of Forestry)\uf020 FRIM, DFOs, NGOs, local communities, village associations, and traditional authorities.\uf020 See above\uf020 Increased ecological resilience to climate change, reduced risk of flooding, linking of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and thermal refugia for aquatic species."


id: 479ed504ec4d5f1963b7725779a786d6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1926
content:
"MOFNR Forestry related indicators Department of Forestry FRIM, LUANAR, District Agriculture Development Offices and District Forestry Offices Adaptation Line Ministry Activity / Indicator Lead Agency Key data providers / stakeholders MOTPW Build Back Better related indicators for flood mitigation Buildings Department Councils, NGOs (e.g."


id: 20191ac2a4a16a08b75db362c9a5c254
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 560
content:
"MOFNR, MOLG City and District Councils, Department of Energy affairs, MERA million  conditional Increased access to electricity and reduced dependency on traditional biomass energy. Creation of revenue generation opportunities for urban population in the waste management process chain.  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 WASTE WATER\uf020 Waste-water treatment and reuse Rehabilitation and construction of sewerage network and wastewater treatment plants in Lilongwe, Blantyre, Mzuzu and Zomba, achieving a reduction in CH4, and N2O emissions from waste-water and sewage."


id: 53366b9ac966262c97a2eaa2775ac50c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2324
content:
"MOFNR, MOLG City and District Councils, Department of Water Resources US$ 67 million  conditional Reduced water contamination resulting in increased human and environmental resilience. Increased agriculture production and groundwater recharge. Increased food production and nutrition security."


id: 40d38da5ed9cf928f54bfc1cf68e64ed
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1684
content:
"MOFNR, MOLG\uf020 City and District Councils, Department of Energy affairs, MERA million  conditional Improved quality of water, soil and local atmosphere, increasing human and environmental resilience. Increased access to electricity and reduced dependency on traditional biomass energy. Creation of revenue generation opportunities for urban population in the waste management process chain."


id: 367f5d7ba0f4cbb42e8ee45253cfa5bd
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1330
content:
"MOFNR, MOLG\uf020 City and District Councils, EAD\uf020 Not quantified\uf020 Reduced local pollution and unsustainable waste management practices and generation, resulting in increased resilience of ecosystems and public health.\uf020 \uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Waste to Energy (WtE) Installation of waste to energy incinerators to generate up to 250 GWh of electricity per year in Lilongwe and Blantyre, achieving reduced CH4 emissions from landfill sites and avoided CO2 from displacement of grid power."


id: dd9103af961194dd1e67c7e6eb5de000
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7308
content:
"MOI  (Department of Factory Inspectorate) Department of Energy Affairs, private sector, donors < US$ 1 million  conditional Utilisation of domestically produced CO2 within industries can help reduce dependence on products and inputs whilst enhancing resource reuse and recycling. Depending on the process and product(s), environmental impacts can also be lessened."


id: ced099dc89e0332f3af2280ec96a8a5c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6777
content:
"MOI  (Department of Factory Inspectorate) Malawi Bureau of Standards, cement companies <US$ 1 million  conditional Not applicable.  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 CROSS-CUTTING\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Support industries involved in carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS)  Support for companies assessing, developing or implementing CCUS from suitable facilities, resulting in stored or avoided CO2 emissions."


id: 20c36cfc9c1ad64e536a38fd0294007e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 582
content:
"MOI  (Department of Factory Inspectorate)\uf020 Department of Housing, Malawi Bureau of Standards, ESB providers, NCIC, NGOs\uf020 < US$ 1 million  conditional\uf020 Increased resilience through use of sustainable domestic materials and development of local building construction market. Reduced dependence on global and regional cement market dynamics.\uf020  \uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Alternative low carbon cement processes Potential use of emerging lower-carbon cement production processes such as belite ye\u2019elimite-ferrite (BYF) clinker with reduced GHG emissions compared to conventional process."


id: 6084408e5429580f6d53c5d1a242266b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2776
content:
"MOI  (Department of Factory Inspectorate)\uf020 EAD, Department of Housing, cement companies US$ 3 million  conditional Reduced dependence on imported fossil fuels for use in clinker production and promotion of indigenous resources. Increased resilience of the sector through a potential reduction of cement production costs and exposure to energy price volatility.\uf020  \uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Earth stabilised blocks (ESBs) as building materials  Wider promotion of ESBs as materials within institutional and domestic building projects to replace cement stabilised blocks within construction, reducing emissions from cement production."


id: c6cdd9cdcb532bfa16165b53928f3c3c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6463
content:
"MOI (Department of Factory Inspectorate) MERA, ESCOM million  unconditional Increased resilience and efficiency of industrial and manufacturing consumers - because the use of PFC allows electricity users to reduce their electricity bills by maintaining the level of reactive power consumption."


id: f37dfd92a832ec3f8d76fc347640f7fa
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8038
content:
"MOTPW (Department of Rail and Public Transport) Road Transporters Association, Railway Operator, District and City Councils billion uc: US$ 6.45m c: US$ 6.45m Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Increasing ethanol blending with gasoline as a transportation fuel Achieving an average national blend rate of 20% ethanol, resulting in reduced GHG emissions from gasoline consumption in road transport."


id: b85aff097d55300c0be0c31d3888409d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5959
content:
"MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, MOA, DADOs, private sector million uc: US$ 141m c: US$ 16m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts."


id: aada52eead04b5b3154f3699dab6d9be
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5461
content:
"MOTPW, MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, private sector million uc: US$ 253m c: US$ 253m Decreased dependence on imported fossil fuel energy products. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Blending biodiesel with diesel as a transportation fuel  Commercial production of biodiesel fuel reaching 55 million litres and resulting in reduced GHG emissions from diesel consumption in road transport."


id: 1ddde9e6db1544b267f7ae7ed02b82aa
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 489
content:
"MOTPW, MOLG (Department of Road Traffic and Safety Services) Passenger Associations, Bus Operators Associations, City Councils, private transport cos million uc: US$ 41m c: US$ 97m Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful local air pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts.  \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Modal shift: road to rail freight Increased use of rail under the National Transport Master Plan, resulting in reduced diesel consumptions and GHG emissions from road freight transport."


id: aee7ff3d4c6cf9c373056c271f07d754
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5607
content:
"Major climate related hazards that wreak havoc in the country are floods and droughts. For example, in 2015, floods affected 15 out of 28 districts in Malawi. About 1.1 million people were affected, 230,000 were displaced, 176 were killed and 172 were reported missing.  The total cost of loss and damage that the Government of Malawi incurred during these severe floods was estimated to be US$335 million, and the recovery and reconstruction costs stood at US$494 million."


id: c156454e97cf6de4651e43a9c181013b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6261
content:
"Malawi 2063: Malawi\u201fs Vision, an Inclusively Wealthy and Self-Reliant Country. National Planning Commission. Hammill, A., Dekens, J., Leiter, T., Olivier, J., Klockemann, L., Stock, E., & Gl\u00e4ser, A., 2014. Repository of Adaptation Indicators - Real case examples from national Monitoring and Evaluation Systems. Bonn and Eschborn: GiZ & ISSD. Herold, A. and B\u00f6ttcher, H., 2018. Accounting of the land-use sector in nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. A report prepared by the Oko-Institut e.V. September 2018. International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2020."


id: 568583e8baf1c57add4d5b730f40b5d7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2435
content:
"Malawi Country Report No. 20/168. Washington DC. May, 2020. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. See:  Silpa, K., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., and Van Woerden, F. 2018. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. Urban Development Series. Washington, DC: World Bank. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), 2019. World Population Prospects 2019. Online Edition. See:   United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2021."


id: be58cfec839c47ec3a8e9a5edd816b36
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6163
content:
"Malawi has also put in place a series of legislative sectoral frameworks and strategies to integrate environment and climate change management in socio-economic development activities, including within the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS III) and Malawi 2063. In 2016, Malawi adopted the National Climate Change Management Policy (NCCMP) which provides strategic direction for the country s priorities for climate change interventions covering both adaptation and mitigation."


id: c379a8ca1e007527ec54efd1913565d2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6348
content:
"Malawi intends to meet its conditional contribution through the use of climate finance and international\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION XIV market mechanisms where appropriate, building upon its experience of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and other existing market mechanisms. These include the potential involvement in international cooperative approaches under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. As outlined in this updated NDC, technology transfer and capacity building will also be required to fully implement Malawi\u201fs mitigation and adaptation contributions."


id: dc30b1916305096736e22ef835871fab
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7245
content:
"Malawi intends to meet its conditional contribution through the use of climate finance and international market mechanisms where appropriate, building upon its experience of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and other existing market mechanisms. These include the potential involvement in international cooperative approaches under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Malawi is also participating in the NDC Partnership, a process that has so far attracted financing for readiness support on developing a pipeline of projects targeting public and private climate finance."


id: b1b421492e1ba92881ac9ff8ab2f389f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5710
content:
"Malawi is currently preparing the Third National Communication to the UNFCCC, which will provide an updated national GHG inventory. Since the results of the new GHG inventory are not available as of yet, Malawi intends to contribute to climate change abatement by implementing mitigation activities, which only provide estimates of GHG reductions through this INDC."


id: 46c28e2348edd3612c9c27f8545cb3c6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1900
content:
"Malawi recently completed the first step of the TNA process. The TNA Reports provide a shop list of technologies and their attributes described in the related Technology Fact Sheets (TFS) appended to the TNA reports. Currently, the country is in the second step of TNA process of identifying barriers for the prioritized climate technologies. Once the technology barriers have been identified and analysed, and enabling framework developed, Technology Action Plans (TAPs) will be developed to guide the implementation and transfer of such technologies (GoM, 2020)."


id: ae0b5c4f7682ff8a40f5bd41ce6702e5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5573
content:
"Malawi seeks support to improve the national GHG inventory system with a view to provide accurate baseline emissions in the future. \f  2.5 Sectoral emissions Table 1 shows the detailed mitigation policy actions for the following sectors: energy; industrial processes and product unit (IPPU); agriculture forest and other land use (AFOLU); and waste. 2.6 Energy Sector Malawi\u2019s current electricity generation capacity is only 351MW against an estimated suppressed demand of 400MW. The hydroelectric power plants are mostly located on the Shire River."


id: b5fc531178b53b3c6a00754f317c04ad
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5873
content:
"Malawi\u2019s climate change response Malawi has experienced an increase in the frequency, intensity and magnitude over the last two decades of extreme weather events. Malawi is particularly vulnerable to floods, droughts and strong winds associated with tropical cyclones."


id: 9c2d30780272ee8778e935297dd68291
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4934
content:
"Malawi\u2019s current per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is $272. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report (HDR) of 2007 rated Malawi as one of the most vulnerable countries in sub-Saharan Africa to the deleterious impacts of climate change. Furthermore, Malawi\u2019s NAPA of 2006 showed that thematic areas such as agriculture, energy, water, forestry, fisheries, gender, wildlife and human health are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, climate variability and extreme climate events."


id: f3dbb9f3b7858a89f57751e0026383e0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8050
content:
"Malawi\u201fs land resource base is particularly under threat from increasing human and livestock population pressures, and the expending agricultural production to marginal areas. Other factors that contribute to land degradation include: (i) insecure and unforeseeable property rights leading to open access exploitation for agricultural production, (ii) limited information on the costs of land degradation and the benefits of conservation, (iii) lack of access to credit for soil conservation and management practices, and (iv) poor agricultural production practices (GoM, 2020)."


id: a5acc980f22e08f2be460eee08059211
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5271
content:
"Management of municipal solid wastes (MSW) is a big challenge to existing and new urban establishments, resulting in the emission of GHGs. 2.2 Scope of gases covered As it was the case during the implementation of  the Initial and Second National Communication, the following gases will be covered in this INDC: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O).  Malawi s targets reflect a consolidation and expansion of various climate change related initiatives that have been derived from policies, programmes, and projects."


id: da7f00680cfd03e89300002565c9861
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7178
content:
"Many developing countries will require enhanced capacities to effectively track inflows of bilateral and multilateral resources and support and identify particular gaps and needs.\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Technology transfer and capacity building will be required to fully implement Malawi\u201fs mitigation and adaptation contributions."


id: aad8afce85474e69ed3b980237115dd5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5460
content:
"Means of implementation To fully implement the mitigation and adaptation contributions described in this document, Malawi will require support in the form of finance, capacity building, and technology transfer. The total estimated cost for Malawi\u201fs identified NDC mitigation measures through 2040 is estimated at around 41.8 billion USD for mitigation measures, and around 4.5 billion USD for adaptation measures, representing a combined funding requirement of 46.3 billion USD."


id: f74f9f0185e84e39e08c637eb3bdad45
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8187
content:
"Minimizing hard landscaping materials which absorb heat during the day and re-radiate it at night d. Application of ventilation and cooling strategies and e. Application of drought management in the design, construction and management of public and private infrastructure. Increasing the size and number of engineering structures, e.g., culver 2. Resilience of infrastructure to floods\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION a. Applying safety and build better and smarter principles including granular protection, beam and base under pinning factor to design assumptions b."


id: 750ea176f3dfd9622adf0f43f0dbb807
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3569
content:
"Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining Environmental Affairs Department, June 2016. GoM, 2016b. National Forest Policy. Lilongwe: Department of Forestry. GoM, 2017. National Forest Landscape Restoration Strategy. Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining, July, 2017. GoM, 2018a. The Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS) III (2017 - 2022): Building a Malawi a Productive, Competitive and Resilient Nation. Lilongwe: Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Development. March, 2018. GoM, 2018b. National Resilience Strategy (2018 - 2030): Breaking the Cycle of Food Insecurity in Malawi."


id: 3d29633a1a6a0a8649cc22b562e8ce19
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1550
content:
"Mitigation interventions recommended are reduction of waste generation, recovery and use of landfill bio-gas, controlled waste incineration, and composting for organic manure as technological approaches to mitigate GHG emissions in the waste sector.  Conservative estimates, indicate that the mitigation potential could be as high as 400 Gg CO2 equivalent by 2025, if additional measures (i.e. waste incineration, biogas recovery, processing MSW into fertilizers) will be implemented with external support.  \f  Table 1: Malawi s policy-based mitigation actions."


id: 12010631e841a371db3155e02a7ccba0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 62
content:
"Mitigation potential from IPPU sources is by comparison relatively limited, with the majority\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION of emissions reductions arising from increased use of rice husk ash (RHA) blending and earth stabilised blocks (ESB) to reduce clinker and cement demand; over the longer term, the use of emerging low carbon clinker processes may also be feasible. Estimated GHG mitigation potential in 2040 from all measures excl."


id: 6a83c7ea800c828fedf491f5d296fc04
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3171
content:
"Most of the drought episodes that Malawi experiences are caused by the El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena, with serious impacts on crop and livestock production. Additionally, the country experiences long dry spells that occasionally disrupt the rainfall season and cause crop failure. The pattern of rainfall results in the seasonality of crop production, and forces farmers to stay idle during the dry season. Livestock productivity is highly constrained by lack of adequate feed and drinking water in the dry season (GoM, 2020)."


id: d465b6b374818cd54e123a43473a1e81
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6984
content:
"Most recently, climate change is embedded within Malawi 2063, which sets out the country\u201fs vision to become an inclusively wealthy and self-reliant industrialised upper- middle-income country by 2063 (GoM, 2021)."


id: dd1ae60862c16a0d5cff2950a1e72dd5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7290
content:
"Most smallholder farmers in Malawi are resource poor with very limited capacity to contain shocks arising from climate change. Food security remains a concern in many of the affected districts and agriculture production of crops and livestock continues to see only a limited increase in productivity over years because of vulnerability to climate change (GoM, 2020)."


id: 45334b0ec08301afa98859b81df643c0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1841
content:
"NCCF, NCST, MOA (Departments of Agricultural Research, and, Agricultural Extension Services), donors, and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 8 Means of implementation According to Article 13 of the Paris Agreement and its associated decisions, developed countries reiterated their previous commitment to channel at least USD 100 billion in annual climate finance to developing countries by 2020."


id: af1c6d94bd4d4c5c4fa7c8bf33e3fb5f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5616
content:
"NDC M&E progress will be regularly presented to the Steering Committee by implementing institutions (see below) to ensure cross sectoral oversight over the NDC in alignment with the strategic aims of the MGDS III. Reports from the Principal Secretaries will be reviewed by the ECG and the Cabinet through the Cabinet Committee on Natural Resources and Environment (CCNRE)16.  14 To be instituted by way of alignment with Malawi\u201fs Vision 2063 15 As presented in Malawi Vision 2063."


id: 30c1bfd871ed4b7ad509a4b9154a2873
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1140
content:
"National Statistical Office (NSO) The NSO will play a role in the M&E of the NDC through the use of the Malawi Socio-Economic Database (MASEDA) and other resources. The NSO will be responsible for: \uf0b7 Production and dissemination of statistical information required in the development, updating and trackiing of the NDC (e.g. key activity data, energy consumption, GDP, population) \uf0b7 Supporting surveys including vulnerability to climate change analysis and autheticating data and information for internal and external use and consumption."


id: a8121a8adc0936e9801deb85c7b68b1d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5362
content:
"National Steering Committee on Climate Change (NSCCC) Provides strategic direction, inter-ministerial coordination and policy guidance in relation to Malawi\u201fs climate policy including the NDC. Acts as a forum for cross- sectoral review and evaluation of progress in NDC implementation, advised by the TCCC&DRM. EAD has day-to-day responsibility for climate policy and NDC development and acts as the Secretariat to both committees (NSCCC and TCCC&DRM)."


id: cf8d9663a1fd6418f2603ead6b6e1a1a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6806
content:
"Notwithstanding its very low emissions of around 1.4 t CO2e per capita in 2015, Malawi as a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has made firm decisions and plans to move the country\u2019s development pathways towards a green economy based on national circumstances and capabilities."


id: c33bce6b17e6eb24970245e36eb9f4ed
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6335
content:
"Of this total, around one third is estimated to be required over the next decade (2020-2030), and two thirds in the subsequent decade (2030-2040). For both mitigation and adaptation combined, unconditional measures account for around 24% of the total estimated funding requirements, and conditional measures around 76%."


id: 63213f47fae228f995a7944018368b8a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2882
content:
"On an annual basis, Malawi emits approximately 0.8 million tCO2e from deforestation, and approximately 10 million tCO2e from forest degradation. The current level of tree planting and natural or assisted regeneration sequesters approximately 0.9 million tCO2e annually. The result is an approximate net annual emission from the forestry sector of 9.9 million tCO2e annually."


id: 832c423d25857df2d0b4e3ef89fa62f1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4049
content:
"Open Burning Treatment Discharge Total emissions: Energy Total emissions: IPPU Total emissions: Agriculture (3A + 3C) Total emissions: Waste Total emissions excluding FOLU Total emissions: FOLU (3B + 3D) Total net emissions including FOLU (emissions minus removals) Sources: Malawi GHG Inventory data; TNC (GoM, 2020); EC (2021); UNDP (2021) Figure 5-2 compares Malawi\u201fs total GHG emissions against other East African countries on a per capita basis, and also emissions intensity of economic output i.e. emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP)."


id: d1c984df8bdb959541953d51f5a586b4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6892
content:
"Operationalization of an overarching M&E framework covering the NDC and potentially the NAP, SDGs and Sendai Framework Elaboration of recommendations for climate M&E in the scope of the NDC 7. Elaboration and implementation of a resource mobilization plan Preliminary estimates of costing of the actions and measures included in the NDC\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Objective Pillar Strategic Adaptation Actions Adaptation actions Plan and implement adaptation actions toward an increased resilience of the most vulnerable Malawians Resilience of the most vulnerable 8."


id: 21d358880ee4cfd86717c1021d6e4fe2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 618
content:
"Operationalization of an overarching M&E framework covering the NDC and potentially the NAP, SDGs and Sendai Framework Elaboration of recommendations for climate M&E in the scope of the NDC 7. Elaboration and implementation of a resource mobilization plan Preliminary estimates of costing of the actions and measures included in the NDC Plan and implement adaptation actions toward an increased resilience of the most vulnerable Malawians Resilience of the most vulnerable 8."


id: 6121ba756ca02d6e566eed945c08a981
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2802
content:
"Other land 3.C. Aggregate Sources Emissions Sources on Land 3.C.1. Biomass burning 3.C.3. Urea application 3.C.4. Direct N2O Emissions from soils 3.C.5. Indirect N2O Emissions from soils 3.C.6. Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management 3.C.7. Rice cultivation 3.D.1 Harvested Wood Products 4.A. Solid Waste Disposal 4.A.2. Unmanaged Disposal Sites 4.C. Incineration and Open Burning 4.C.2."


id: 90bc42b7521221760bce970cde4e9e83
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4539
content:
"Over the past five decades, Malawi has experienced more than 19 major flooding events and seven droughts. In 2015, Malawi was affected by the worst floods in 50 years; the floods affected over 1 million people, displaced 230,000 people and killed 106 people, with another 172 people reported missing (GoM, 2020). The agriculture sector suffers the greatest losses as a result of climate change impacts (GoM, 2016a)."


id: f48332a21e26ba22c02f9309b496d6d3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8080
content:
"Overdependence on traditional biomass (wood, charcoal) and other fossil fuels to meet the country\u201fs growing energy needs are threatening Malawi\u201fs climate as forest resources are being depleted as carbon sinks. In common with many other developing countries, the country\u201fs ongoing economic growth is highly threatened by climate change. The Government of Malawi (GoM) is committed to taking urgent action to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change."


id: f1cfbcac0042dcb03b36afe3f430213a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7977
content:
"POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Provision of agricultural input subsidies & incentives Department of Agricultural Extension Services NGOs US$ 22 million uc: US$ 17m c: US$ 5m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Promotion of drought tolerant or early maturing planting material Department of Agricultural Extension Services NGOs US$ 22 million uc: US$ 12m c: US$ 10m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Constructing water reservoirs & efficient use of water Department of Water Resources NGOs US$ 44 million uc: US$ 18m c: US$ 26m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Soil management techniques to improve soil fertility and soil conservation Department of Land Resources and Conservation NGOs US$ 22 million uc: US$ 12m c: US$ 10m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES"


id: 6901116f88dd5d2c016793eac608b098
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3104
content:
"Parties are required to undertake and communicate efforts to contribute to the achievement of these goals in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated to the UNFCCC (Article 3). These include efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (mitigation) as well as adapting to the effects of climate change (adaptation)."


id: cd3c1404ff5b433e1727605aa2449d7e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6717
content:
"Parties shall submit revised NDCs every five years, each representing a progression beyond the Party\u201fs current NDC and reflect its highest possible ambition, \u201cas well as its common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances\u201d."


id: 72485728d0b8c6cc7e228cb21be839c5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3459
content:
"Payment for Ecosystem services; \uf0b7 Upscale resource mobilisation and leveraging for climate and disaster risk financing and investment; and \uf0b7 Promote and enhance climate change education, public awareness and capacity building through ongoing communication, training, information and knowledge management."


id: 9c68960b0badae3dfa9f978b36f750d9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4941
content:
"Potential adaptation measures in the water sector reflect the need to enhance and harmonise policies and strategies for catchment area protection, water conservation and sustainable utilization. The adaptation actions that Malawi is implementing in this sector include: the construction of multipurpose dams,  implementation of water harvesting technologies, capacity building in integrated water resources management (IWRM), catchment management, promotion of irrigated agriculture (including the Greenbelt Initiative), fish farming, and water supply development for domestic and livestock use."


id: 7cf338ed83fae19e2d619aca977edde4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3810
content:
"Poverty forces people to trade-off long term sustainable resources for short term consumption because they depend entirely on the existing natural resources. Of Malawi\u201fs total land area of 9.4 million hectares (ha) only around 31% is suitable for rain- fed agriculture at traditional level of management due to variations in topography, slope, rainfall, temperature, soil type and soil depth (GoM, 2020). This limited land resource base is heavily utilized and prone to environmental degradation, and therefore also highly vulnerability to climate change."


id: 4c9815819099235d374543c9da9050e8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2098
content:
"Preparation of the NDC was done under the expert guidance and coordination of the Climate Change Section at the Environmental Affairs Department in the Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources. The Government of Malawi through the Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources would like to express its profound gratitude to the NDC-Partnership and all the Implementing Partners for their commendable technical support and to UNDP for both technical and financial support."


id: eb86511d1eb1bb741ca9cfa31e343b0b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7779
content:
"Promote farm-based disaster risk reduction and management practices; Crop and diet diversification: through the cultivation of roots and tubers (cassava, sweet potatoes) and other drought tolerant crop cultivars and Winter cropping systems using small-scale irrigation technologies, such as treadle pumps, drip irrigation and stream diversion 8. Manage migratory pests; Surveillance (Integrated Pest Management) 9. Promote legumes and other multiple impact crops  Promoting legumes and other multiple impact crops for soil fertility improvement and dietary improvement 10."


id: 729cbd42c78be67f9135b4ac016788e6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3472
content:
"Promoting in-situ & ex-situ rainwater harvesting  b. Promoting livestock water points & fodder banks \f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION c. Scaling up water supply to drought prone areas, water point rehabilitation; rainwater catchment; water harvesting and storage technologies d. Promotion of irrigated agriculture and distributing irrigation equipment e. Support an expanded programme of constructing multipurpose dams for irrigation and aquaculture 21. Resilient diet for smallholder farmers Promoting good animal welfare, health & disease control e.g., standard livestock structures 22."


id: 543e6611f8abc84dc0bc3109cb0b5962
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2359
content:
"Promotion of various drought- resilient water, soil and catchment conservation interventions on and off-farm Department of Land Resources and Conservation NGOs US$ 33 million uc: US$ 13m c: US$ 20m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Instituting and upscaling drought mitigation interventions such as the development of new irrigation schemes (using drip irrigation kits) and rehabilitating/modernising old schemes Ministry of Agriculture (Irrigation Department) NGOs US$ 33 million uc: US$ 13m c: US$ 20m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Introduction, expansion, and scale-up of Climate Smart Agriculture practices Department of Agricultural Extension Services NGOs US$ 44 million uc: US$ 24m c: US$ 20m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Crop/livestock and fish farming intensification & diversification, through integrated crop-livestock- aquaculture-forest production systems Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) US$ 55 million uc: US$ 25m"


id: 69b5395709ac4cab13a0caa140ecd2eb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3139
content:
"REPUBLIC OF MALAWI  UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS  \f  \f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION I Foreword Climate Change is recognized as one the biggest challenges humanity is facing today. It has implications for economic development, food security and poverty eradication for developing countries especially for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) like Malawi. Evidence shows that all of Malawi\u201fs socioeconomic sectors have been, and will continue to be, affected by climate change, with implications for the livelihoods of its population and social-economic development."


id: 754e798276d16f2dc175e26bda5e200c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3579
content:
"REPUBLIC OF MALAWI INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION  1.1 National Circumstances Malawi is a land-locked and densely populated country located in sub-Saharan Africa. The country lies at the southern end of the Great East African Rift Valley system. It is bordered by Tanzania to the north, Zambia to the west and Mozambique to the east, south and south-west. The country\u2019s total area is 118,484 km2, with an estimated population of 17 million1, growing at a rate of 2.8% per annum."


id: b3d72db7e7ae17c5976cfbc2dd885ff4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5803
content:
"Resilience of infrastructures to heat and drought: a. Advocate installation of solar shading devices. Harness solar technology for heating and lighting solutions in construction: solar shading devices b. Locating appliances which generate waste heat outside the insulated envelope c. Harness solar technology for heating and lighting solutions in construction: Solar shading devices."


id: 820335926078347f6a26b6cd8c963d98
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3997
content:
"Resilient health a. Boiling drinking water, filtration and chlorination of drinking water and improvement in personal hygiene. Enhance public awareness about water, sanitation and hygiene practices; and enhance health surveillance of Malaria, Diarrhoea and Malnutrition. b. Promotion of insecticide-treated mosquito nets and c. Oral rehydration salts, homemade sugar and salt solution, and cereal based solutions, such as rice water. intravenous fluids, antibiotic treatment, and isolation wards in case of diarrhoeal disease outbreaks 2. Scaling up resilient nutrition a."


id: c16afdd353bc80219f18280d2b1e8535
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6263
content:
"Resilient value chains and market s development, Value addiction and exports: a. Strengthening farmer organizations and market engagement b. ADMARC reforms and reduced market uncertainty and price volatility 23. \"Restocking  strategic grain reserves \"; Upscale post-harvest management linking to disaster risk management 24. Up-scaling feed preservation & fodder banks; Resilient diet for smallholder farmers 25. Value addition & agro-processing; Resilient diet for smallholder farmers 26. Value chain upgrading, and physical infrastructure improvements; Resilient value chains  and market s development, Value addiction and exports 27."


id: 20aac9ed62ef7f530b8ad34ab74f20a2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 576
content:
"Resources, NGOs Cost covered under Mitigation Savings in energy used to alleviate floods Protection of assets that promote low carbon development and mitigation Carbon sequestration \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Increase of sustainable utilization and monitoring of groundwater resources Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (Department of Water Resources) Water Users Associations US$ 29 million uc: US$ 9m c: US$ 20m Money savings in energy costs may be used to alleviate floods and droughts \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Monitoring of leakage and control in piped networks Waterboards Department of Water Supply Water Users Associations US$ 29 million unconditional Money savings in energy costs may be used to alleviate floods and droughts \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Water use efficiency Waterboards Department of Water Supply Water Users Associations US$ 29 million unconditional Money savings in energy costs may be used to alleviate floods and droughts and water treatment \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Improvement in the coverage of rural piped water supply Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (Department of Water Supply) Waterboards Water Users Associations million uc: US$ 89m c: US$ 55m Savings in energy used to water needs \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING"


id: 6e0c52126ed33a14734b42a5ad121466
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:22
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3305
content:
"Riparian restoration These measures are closely aligned with a number of national policies including the National Forest Policy, Malawi\u201fs REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) Strategy, the National Forest Landscape Restoration Strategy (NFLRS), and the National Charcoal Strategy and National Climate Change Investment Plan. In total, the identified measures represent a very significant implementation of additional forestry activities on over one half of a million hectares (534,478 ha) of national land over the coming decade."


id: 7f78336c1e47b1c03449863b79aed5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3897
content:
"Some mitigation interventions in the forestry sector also have adaptation co-benefits elements. For example, forest regeneration could spur bee-keeping and indigenous mushroom harvesting thereby taking people-off from forest extractive activities.  Fish provides about 60% of animal protein intake in Malawi and is a source of employment for many Malawians. Unfortunately, fish population is declining rapidly due to climate change as well as non-climate factors such as rapid population growth resulting in unsustainable levels of fish harvesting."


id: 59b6d04cd3ea7222a6c9b7829cb61ed6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2547
content:
"Specific national needs relating to mitigation include: \uf0b7 Building and enhancing climate information systems, including through the National GHG Inventory; \uf0b7 Gaining access to and overcoming barriers to the application of appropriate clean technologies; \uf0b7 Promotion of renewable energies and energy efficiency, including through the involvement of the private sector; \uf0b7 Setting up of public-private partnerships; and \uf0b7 Improving public awareness, training and skills at national, regional and local levels In this context, the Government of Malawi plans to: \uf0b7 Support and encourage the development, transfer and uptake of low carbon and climate technology; \uf0b7 Provide adequate support for policies and programmes that take into account the interactions between the needs of communities, climate change and development, including the link between the national, regional and local levels of decision-making \uf0b7 Promote and enhance climate change education, public awareness and capacity building through ongoing communication, training, information and knowledge management; and \uf0b7 Actively integrate the mainstreaming of gender considerations within climate change measures and where relevant to track climate change issues and indicators according to gender and vulnerable groups; In relation"


id: be13d84c4326b4e7f64f07b41a952d9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6150
content:
"Table 1 shows policy mitigation actions in various sectors of the economy, which can be implemented using local resources (i.e., Unconditional). The table also shows mitigation actions, which the Government would undertake on condition that external support in terms of capacity building, technology development and transfer, and financial resources (i.e."


id: 2adffde116faba92cf085360c00c0b6a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 918
content:
"Table 2: Adaptation actions Key: Unconditional (UC) Capacity Requirements (CR), Technology Requirements (TR) and Finance Requirements (FR) Sectors Intended policy based action UC CR TR FR Agriculture Increase irrigation at smallholder level \ufffd Increase land under irrigation through Greenbelt initiative from \ufffd Expanded programmes of Greenbelt intiative from 40000 ha to 10000 ha by 2030 \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Build adaptation capacity in climate resilient agronomic practices for smallholder farmers \ufffd Promote on-farm water conservation technologies \ufffd Support an expanded programme of constructing multipurpose dams for irrigation and aquaculture \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Develop financial mechanisms to support crop insurance targeting smallholder farmers \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Promote the growing of drought torelant crop varities \ufffd Implement conservation agriculture and agroforestry practices \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Promote improved land use practices \ufffd Water Implement integrated catchment conservation and management programme \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Promote water harvesting technologies at all levels \ufffd Support an expanded programme of constructing multipurpose dams to enhance water storage \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Support the revision of water related policies and strategies (inc. water-SWAP) \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Develop and enhance climate"


id: 186242dbf8cbb122df5ede5e9d07d4c6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 307
content:
"Table 6-1 Climate drivers and key risks per sector in Malawi Sector Climate drivers Key risks Causes of vulnerability Ecosystems and biodiversity Temperature increase Precipitation Lake surface temperature increase Shifts in biome distribution, and severe impacts on wildlife due to diseases and species extinction - Soil erosion - Declining soil fertility - Loss of vegetation cover - Low technology uptake - Weak coordination among various sectors as forestry, environment, agriculture and water resources\u2019 management Water resources Temperature increase/ Extreme temperature Precipitation/ Extreme precipitation Lake surface temperature increase Compounded stress on water resources facing significant strain from overexploitation and degradation at present and increased demand in the future, with drought stress exacerbated in drought-prone regions - The quantity of surface water resources in Malawi, especially in rivers, is highly dependent on the availability of rainfall which sustains runoff - Many river basins in the country are under severe pressures due to deforestation, unsustainable agriculture, settlements, mining, industry, commerce, tourism and climate change - Manually operated system for flood forecasting and flood warning in the country; and it is only the Lower"


id: 83618fd6c0796aca414256aa53f6954d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4055
content:
"Table ES-1 Strategic adaptation actions Objective Pillar Strategic Adaptation Actions Adaptation actions Promote enabling environment to facilitate CCA mainstreaming Institutional framework  1. Establishment of the institutional arrangements for the multi-sector coordination of climate change actions, including the definition of its composition and mandate NAP\u201fs mandate\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION XI Objective Pillar Strategic Adaptation Actions Adaptation actions 2."


id: 9339b05b1e2a32e2324f1def36ec5cfb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4633
content:
"Table ES-2 Estimated NDC funding requirements (mitigation and adaptation) USD million Total Mitigation measures Unconditional contribution Conditional contribution Total Adaptation measures Unconditional contribution Conditional contribution Total Combined total  Challenges for climate finance in Malawi include insufficient funds, a limited domestic budget for the implementation of climate actions, and the limited involvement of private sector investment in environment and climate change activities."


id: 6c9b128d5db9b78482f3e6e0ed53e4cc
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3251
content:
"Tawonga Mbale-Luka (Ms) Director of Environmental Affairs & UNFCCC Focal Point MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION IV Acronyms and abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business as usual BUR Biennial Update Report CAEP Climate Action Enhancement Package CBA Cost-benefit analysis CBIT Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCS Carbon capture and storage CCU Carbon capture and utilisation CDM Clean Development Mechanism Methane Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of the Parties CSA Climate Smart Agriculture DADO District Agriculture Development Office DCCMS Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services DODMA Department of Disaster Management Affairs DOF Department of Forestry DRTSS Department of Road Traffic and Safety Services EAD Environmental Affairs Department EC European Commission ECGES Enabler Coordination Group on Environmental Sustainability EGENCO Electricity Generation Company of Malawi EPD Department of Economic Planning and Development ESCOM Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi ETF Enhanced Transparency Framework EWG Expert Working Group EWS Early Warning System FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FRIM Forestry Research Institute of Malawi FOLU Forestry and Other Land Use GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF"


id: 5f7cbcabdf204b3c8fbb338f120bcf70
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2733
content:
"Testing and institutionalization of mechanisms to integrate CCA into the next \u201cNational Development Plan\u201d or equivalent and sectoral planning instruments, including the annual sectoral budgets and guidelines NAP\u201fs implementation Definition of guidelines to integrate CCA into sectoral planning and budgeting Improve the capacity for data and information management and sharing, and access to technology and financing for adaptation Knowledge, technology and financing  3."


id: 62f6f3ce7e8deafa5c49b1437356ad74
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2874
content:
"The Adaptation EWG and other national stakeholders were requested to review and validate the set of measures, its proposed M&E framework and the cost estimates, and as far as possible to provide inputs. As a result of this process, changes to choice of indicators were made and taken forward into the subsequent stage of work (NDC Implementation Plan and M&E Framework)."


id: 7f97d33a2d2a5a838eea745c69b7c297
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3904
content:
"The BAU modelling approach is based on detailed bottom-up activity and GHG projections developed for each emitting sector through 2040. These reflect a number of assumptions determining changes in inter alia energy supply and demand, agricultural output, waste generation, and technology uptake. In so doing, existing government projections and plans were assessed, and experts consulted within relevant ministries, agencies and organisations. The BAU projections were undertaken by separate consulting teams and separate technical reports have been prepared for these providing details on the projections made."


id: 85edffd36ccd392f356bd49d9a265e32
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4153
content:
"The DEC therefore serves the following key roles: \uf0b7 Monitoring and reporting on the implementation of relevant NDC measures undertaken at district level \uf0b7 Promoting cooperation between the public sector, private sector and civil society to help implement the NDC at district level MOLG Coordinates the design and operationalisation of the District Development Planning System (DDPS), supports development and implementation of District Development Plans (DDPs) under the MGDSIII and upstream reporting on NDC performance at local levels. Ensures alignment between DDPs and NDC measures."


id: 8d873a13ea6155c48e0b498dd2d9350a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4439
content:
"The EAD has good experience in reporting to the UNFCCC through National communications (NC) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs). The TCCC&DRM led by EAD will therefore build on this experience to\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION coordinate national agencies responsible for data generation and management of NDC MRV reporting to UNFCCC. NDC information and indicators can also be provided as part of Malawi\u201fs involvement in the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT)."


id: aae13b511687fc7a7dd4b6b94143685d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5462
content:
"The EAD has the overall responsibility for, and chairs, the thematic EWGs and also has overall responsibility for preparing and maintaining the national GHG inventory and submitting Malawi\u201fs National Communications, BURs, BTRs and NDCs to the UNFCCC. The TCCC&DRM forum, led by the EAD, is the ideal platform for guiding the analytical framework for reporting, updating and implementing the national mitigation and adaptation priorities under the NDC."


id: 5c69840aae0269d67aac2f89460cc6b6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2642
content:
"The EAD, leading the committee and overseeing the EWGs, will guide the selection of members to provide technical oversight and present the MRV of the NDC annually to the TCCC&DRM for official endorsement. Following the endorsement, EAD will communicate the NDC MRV through the normal national reporting channels including the NSCCCC to inform policy and strategic decisions that ensure NDC MRV effectively supports national sustainable development and is in alignment with the MGDS III and National Vision."


id: 3e700e6fb37c93db1e3f552246434f12
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1608
content:
"The Government also extends its gratitude to the District Councils, key focal points in the relevant sectors, Civil Society, Academia, NGOs, Development Partners and the Private Sector, all of whom contributed to development of the Implementation Plan, the Mainstreaming Guidelines, Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) Framework and compilation of the NDC submission document in coordination with the Implementation Partners."


id: fd56c05db8c5ca2852ae003bebae6e0e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8429
content:
"The Government has also developed a number of initiatives and processes to assist vulnerable communities and ecosystems to adapt and mitigate to both current and projected climate change impacts through increased adaptive capacity and resilience, enhanced carbon sinks, reduced GHG emissions, improved food security and sustainable economic development. These include the development of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), a National Climate Change Response Framework (NCCRF) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)."


id: f85dafff6da5f0d00e9e1ef9e3099a8c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8230
content:
"The Government of Malawi also acknowledges the coordination team in the Environmental Affairs Department for leading the work, and also to all the national experts who partnered with the international experts in undertaking the revision of Malawi\u201fs NDC."


id: 607e5ed3f803a416ead75c619348c72d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2771
content:
"The Government of Malawi is willing to implement some of the adaptation and mitigation actions indicated as \u0314unconditional\u2019 by pulling resources from domestic sources. Development partners and other stakeholders at the national level are invited and requested to provide the required support to ensure that the recommended projects are implemented."


id: d681fda77bb5c9e5a365051bac30c554
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7046
content:
"The INDC aims at achieving the objective of the UNFCCC as set out in Article 2 of the Convention and also contribute to sustainable development. 1.2 National Climate Change Management Policy Government of Malawi has developed the National Climate Change Management Policy, currently pending Cabinet approval and endorsement, to spur climate change activities in Malawi."


id: 2998a10611e08df577b66f85954f2456
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 877
content:
"The M&E activities are undertaken by the Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Development in collaboration with sectoral ministries.  The INDC M&E will done by the MFEPD, Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining and other sectoral ministries.  Government of Malawi will require external technical and financial support to put in place a tailor-made INDC tracking system to monitor short, medium and long term implementation."


id: 115f4c36a38e2d6597c901ddf8ea040d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 45
content:
"The Malawi Energy Policy (2003) envisaged a steady increase in hydroelectric power generation, reduction in biomass use, and steady growth in other renewable sources - especially solar, wind and micro hydro power plants. Most of the set targets were not achieved. Recent electricity projections show that Malawi has to rapidly increase its generation capacity to between 1,200MW and 1,500MW by 2020 in order to meet demand."


id: e5e5a066f477e66fbc545ec3e12b5bec
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7591
content:
"The NDC also aligns with Malawi\u201fs National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Framework, which the country developed in 2020 to guide efforts to develop its National Adaptation Plan with an effort to address climate change. The NAP Framework has built on the NAP Roadmap, validating and updating the vision, objectives and mandates for adaptation structures in the country."


id: f991fa17cf222fd8c8a443245cd92ca2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8278
content:
"The NDC articulates areas of priority for climate change management through both mitigation and adaptation measures needed to address challenges of climate change. It represents a decisive and reference document for implementation of Malawi\u201fs adaptation and mitigations commitments. The NDC has been developed through a consultative process and designed within the context of national development priorities. It is guided by principles set out by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement."


id: 12fab1dc27e82efe791b163e97cb1cbb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 101
content:
"The NDC target will be tracked based on the annual emissions estimated in the National GHG Inventory and the projected BAU scenario emissions within the NDC period, as follows:  \f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION  Where: BAU (t)  Emissions (and removals) in baseline in tCO2e at time t Inventory (t) Emissions (and removals) in GHG Inventory in tCO2e at time t  The Paris Agreement contains several additional MRV requirements which, when taken together with the existing UNFCCC arrangements, provide an enhanced basis for Malawi\u201fs international reporting requirements relating to its updated NDC."


id: c4f1efb31f911aff47182ce74b3c13cb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6396
content:
"The NDCs embody efforts by countries that are Party to the Paris Agreement to put in place measures to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. The NDC has outlined Malawi s climate change priorities for the period from 2020 - 2040 and has provided concrete strategies for addressing the causes of climate change and responding to the adverse effects and impacts in line with provisions established under the Paris Agreement."


id: 88ded00b2be13ed1b4c2b52f164cd022
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4272
content:
"The NSCCC and TCCC&DRM shall receive policy and implementation oversight from the NPC through the ECGES. The NSCCC comprises all key ministries and departments and provides strategic direction and inter-ministerial coordination on national climate change policy including Malawi\u201fs NDC. The NSCCC is chaired by the MOEPD&PSR, with MOFNR acting as the main implementing partner."


id: 45660d5f1c3160daa83c33652fdb8fc
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1849
content:
"The NSO will facilitate development and application of data protocols and annually review national level standards and guidelines for data inputs and aggregation to guide sector and/or agency generated data and information on mitigation and adaptation. MOEDP&PSR is the ideal national institution for tracking NDC MRV related finance. The National Climate Change Fund acting as the national fund for environment and climate change will liaise with MOEDP&PSR to manage data on finance and provide a platform to access finance data and information for national reporting."


id: cf9a4fee2d69707bde5e7acd9e40f707
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6807
content:
"The Paris Agreement also requires that in communicating their NDCs, all Parties shall provide the information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding (ICTU) of their NDCs and established an Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) which specifies how Parties must report on progress in implementing mitigation and adaptation measures, and on support provided or received. Parties have been requested to submit their updated and revised NDCs to the UNFCCC Secretariat ahead of the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) to be held in Glasgow in 2021."


id: 26a99de052d322dce3cd300869e07f33
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 770
content:
"The Paris Agreement entered into force in November 2016 following the universal adoption of the Agreement by Parties. Under the Agreement, developed and developing countries made individual commitments to transition toward a climate-resilient and low-emissions future. Importantly, the Agreement also acknowledges that achieving the ambitions of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will require a collective and concerted action on climate change."


id: e56e692c8f2b9702e601411b467f0ab
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7577
content:
"The Policy serves as the country\u201fs overarching reference document for policy makers in Government, the private sector, civil society, and donors concerning climate change as a priority development issue (GoM, 2016a). The updated NDC builds upon the NCCMP in its commitment to tackling climate change through the development of both mitigation and adaption responses, as well as other key national guiding documents including Malawi 2063, the Malawi Economic Growth Strategy (MEGS), and the Malawi Growth and Development Strategies (MGDS) III."


id: 106e9b2bb863b1f0a2d9598970b7e530
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 15
content:
"The TCCC&DRM acting through the Adaption EWG and Mitigation EWG will serve as the national coordinator for all national institutions that implement sector specific mitigation and adaptation measures, receive finance and other means of support, and oversee tracking and reporting of the NDC at the national level. Figure 7-1 below summarises these institutional arrangements for tracking of NDC implementation including the national NDC MRV process."


id: 4d7bd5287c87f30e6a90c2112d2f4b63
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2128
content:
"The TCCC&DRM will ensure that Malawi\u201fs NDC MRV system links mitigation, adaptation and finance as well as support for capacity building and technology transfer as critical aspects of NDC implementation. Primary data collected at the local level will draw upon those sectors and institutions with direct linkages to local levels (Districts) in sourcing relevant action specific data and information."


id: a2339a9402a773b11ee128f76efa3866
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5143
content:
"The adaptation assessment was undertaken according to four steps: \uf0b7 Step 1: Review all relevant documents and sources to develop long-list of adaptation measures \uf0b7 Step 2: Assess and prioritise identified measures \uf0b7 Step 3: Develop adaptation indicators for each measure, and targets to inform updated NDC and \uf0b7 Step 4: Assess funding needs, mitigation co-benefits and contribution towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) The analysis involved extensive review of all relevant studies, programmes and documents relating to vulnerability, resilience and climate adaptation in Malawi."


id: 8e8b0886002d3e0fa86ce046d99c5584
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4474
content:
"The analysis used to develop this updated NDC has involved identifying a range of mitigation options from within each of the NDC sectors for further consideration and quantitative analysis by several teams of consultants. A bottom-up \u201elong-list\u201f was developed through close consultation with various stakeholders and experts. A modified \u201elong list\u201f was further refined, based on subsequent meetings held between the consulting teams, government officials and sector experts though late 2019 - early 2021."


id: bf14544ddfdc10a366cbf530c984267e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6189
content:
"The analysis was undertaken according to a four-step process:\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION \uf0b7 Step 1: Identifying mitigation options: A comprehensive list of potential emission reduction projects and measures was first developed through a thorough review of national documents and discussions and consultation with government officials, sector experts and other stakeholders."


id: 66b67c40f74c41d85c6245310f1e1339
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3031
content:
"The application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to future grid-based thermal power plants from 2030 onwards represents the largest share of the identified GHG reduction potential, with almost half of all sectoral mitigation by 2040. This is followed by large-scale grid hydropower with over a quarter of the total potential. Other measures within electricity and heat generation including the use of high efficiency ultra-super critical coal-fired, large-scale grid based solar PV and efficient charcoal production contribute around 18% of the total."


id: 68f7682698d499cb9d6a2489bbb49631
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3103
content:
"The associated values are shown in Table 5-4. The graph shows emissions excluding FOLU forecast to grow significantly under the BAU projection from 9.3 MtCO2e in 2017 to 34.6 MtCO2e in 2040. According to the alternative GHG pathway which implements the domestically supported unconditional mitigation contribution, it is estimated that by 2040 emissions would instead rise to around 32.6 MtCO2e, representing a reduction against BAU of around 6%."


id: 822dd1dde5f037c00f611593586c3e94
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4004
content:
"The basis upon the dynamic baseline will be updated during the NDC commitment period will include key technical factors such as the availability of revised official national projections for GDP growth and population, any errors being rectified; and updates to reflect continuous improvement in emissions inventories (e.g. apply the latest IPCC guidelines), emissions factors and data sources."


id: fcb8042cae7923eb53e07df3ed0a11dd
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8405
content:
"The bulk of the remaining mitigation potential includes measures to reduce enteric fermentation emissions from livestock, including improved livestock husbandry and the potential introduction of new species to replace local herds. Within waste, the most significant potential is identified within energy utilisation measures such as landfill gas recovery and to a lesser extent direct waste-to-energy (WtE) plants."


id: ccc5d955910691c52c8e3f29a1e6efa6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6699
content:
"The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 51 per cent reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU in 2040, expressed as a single year target; this is equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 17.7 million tCO2e in 2040. The coverage of the contribution includes the three main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)."


id: 9b26bc76eb9cad71c6711466494dc2b5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4901
content:
"The contributions described in this submission build upon Malawi\u201fs existing NDC, new policies and national plans, and reflect subsequent work in developing quantifiable mitigation and adaptation targets. The updated NDC represents a more detailed and robust assessment of mitigation and adaptation measures in Malawi, including emissions reductions and estimated funding requirements, informed by in-depth analysis, improved information and data, and an extensive national stakeholder-driven consultation process."


id: 6356cb73b5b1aac950ecc4d409dda9be
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2895
content:
"The country has 87 forest reserves, five national parks, four wildlife reserves and three nature sanctuaries that were established to protect important wildlife populations, major water catchment areas, and landscapes of high aesthetic value and to preserve them for scientific and recreational uses (GoM, 2020). The greatest threat to biodiversity in Malawi is the unprecedented loss of habitats, fragmentation of species habitats and isolation of remaining communities due to unsustainable land use practices."


id: b917377df5bbbcc00e0e7dd8197a78ff
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5984
content:
"The country has experienced more than 19 major flooding events and seven droughts over the past five decades and in 2015 was affected by the worst floods in 50 years; the floods affected over 1 million people, displaced 230,000 people and killed 106 people, with another 172 people reported missing. The agriculture sector suffers the greatest losses as a result of climate change impacts. Most smallholder farmers in Malawi are resource poor with very limited capacity to contain shocks arising from climate change."


id: f8a5769fcb560a30efd3796955d8ad80
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8242
content:
"The country\u201fs vulnerability to the vagaries of severe floods, droughts, and strong winds should therefore be taken as a serious cause for worry by the Government of Malawi and the citizenry, and hence the urgent need by the country to implement robust climate change adaptation strategies in order to avert impending disasters associated with these three hazards."


id: 78724dfd71f2b8966cb86efc01cfe0cd
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3681
content:
"The coverage of the contribution includes the three main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The sectoral scope of this contribution covers all emissions sources described in the IPCC 2006 Reporting Guidelines, including emissions from the categories of energy; industrial processes and product use (IPPU); waste; and agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) but excluding sources from forestry and other land use (FOLU)."


id: dcdc17ef8fb425d3a89b2535ccd40cb9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7278
content:
"The data also show that Malawi has a relatively low emissions intensity \u2013 around 1.5 tCO2e per \u201e000 (thousand) USD GDP \u2013 which is also around one fifth of the regional average. Although per capita GDP is relatively low in Malawi at around 360 USD2, the low intensity value mainly reflects the importance of the relatively non-energy intensive and low emitting agriculture sector to the national economy."


id: 635ee2220199cadef0e7663b2c12799f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2898
content:
"The data show that Malawi has very low per capita emissions - around 0.5 tCO2e - compared to other countries within the region. This figure is around one fifth of the regional average and just thirteenth of the world average, reflecting Malawi\u201fs predominantly agricultural economy based on subsistence farming with relatively low fossil fuel consumption."


id: 60ff24b311422339db4bfc5bceaa9d43
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2798
content:
"The draft was prepared by the national taskforce assisted by national and international experts. The review of national policies and strategy documents as well as a series of consultations of key stakeholders, including a national workshop for the final validation of the INDC were conducted. Finally the document was approved by government. 6 Other implementation considerations  The implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions indicated as \"with  requirements\" will require availability of financial resources, technology development and transfer, and capacity building from the inernational community."


id: f8716ba3596aff5b444466a3651347d1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8235
content:
"The economic development landscape in the country will also be key in determining the implementaion of  the mitigation and adaptation actions proposed.  6.2 Human rights and Gender Vulnerability and adaptation assessments have shown that most of Malawi s social economic sectors are prone to negative impacts of climate change. Through this INDC, Malawi has expressed the need for external support in the implementation of adaptation policy actions that will reduce the vulnerability of the sectors and enhance people s resilience to the negative impacts of climate change."


id: b45259b296fb0b636718ca9b47b7c92e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5823
content:
"The enhanced transparency framework (ETF) established by the Paris Agreement requires an MRV system to transparently report progress made towards the targets defined in Malawi\u201fs NDC and to track the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions, as well as the use and results of means of including climate finance. The system should also capture broader non-GHG impacts resulting from implementation of measures for the purposes of evaluating their contribution to achieving broader development goals."


id: 9229b74b60adc867104d8e3b406ec43d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4595
content:
"The enhanced transparency framework (ETF) established by the Paris Agreement requires an MRV system to transparently report progress made towards the targets defined in Malawi\u201fs NDC and to track the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions, as well as the use and results of means of including climate finance. The system should also capture broader non-GHG impacts \u2013 such as environmental, social and economic impacts \u2013 resulting from implementation of measures for the purposes of evaluating their contribution to achieving broader development goals."


id: 944f9dd767aff82dcf331bfe86785b5c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4671
content:
"The estimated potential from the forestry sector (FOLU) is presented separately from these emitting source sectors further below. Descriptions of each of the measures are given in the summary Implementation Plan presented further below. The total mitigation potential is estimated at around 17.7 million tCO2e in 2040 compared to base case BAU emissions in the same year of 34.6 million tCO2e."


id: a66cec97b906f9550b51d7de67a76d36
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5297
content:
"The estimates also show how the bulk of the support is required over the coming decade, reflecting the need to mobilise adaptation funding in order to prepare and manage climate impacts and risks expected to increase in Malawi over the near term."


id: 42886826b73ee8bcc516de397f223479
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1740
content:
"The following are key aspects that form part of the mandate of the technical group: \uf0b7 Review and establish objectives for the group, membership and overall working modalities, principal of which is the endorsement and subsequent reporting of the NDC MRV at both national and international levels; \uf0b7 Provide advice and feedback on scope, schedule, cost and quality concerns, or guidance on program priorities, that arise during the planning, design and implementation of the NDC; \uf0b7 Facilitate access to resources necessary to review and report on NDC MRV and approve projects at key milestones; \uf0b7 Review and examine studies and research activities in line with NDCs to facilitate quality assurance and alignment with strategic priorities (including sectoral plans, MGDS III, and Malawi Vision 2063) \uf0b7 Develop and operationalize an effective NDC MRV communications plan These roles build upon the Malawi Climate Transparency Framework, developed as part of Malawi\u201fs involvement in the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT).13 NDC information can be shared within the CBIT Global Coordination Platform and other relevant platforms and network. 7.2.2 NDC MRV data and information"


id: c593eff8841eebe82493fabf2e3e8cd6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6417
content:
"The following key items were highlighted for review, discussion and validation: \uf0b7 Choice of mitigation measures for inclusion in the NDC \uf0b7 Review and validation of the technical assumptions used to develop the GHG reduction and cost estimates across each key sector (by sector departments and experts) \uf0b7 Review and validation of the estimated allocation of unconditional and conditional contributions to the identified measures (by sector departments and experts) \uf0b7 Discussion of choices and approaches to target-setting (types, scope, periods etc)\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The adaptation component of this NDC is an upgrade from that of the 2015 INDC."


id: 35e00f96295c790f566c92ed2a3da748
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1305
content:
"The framework also includes engendered measure-specific indicators capable of tracking the extent of gender and vulnerability integration across sectors. The adaptation component of the analysis was developed in close coordination with the Adaptation Expert Working Group (EWG). The prioritised adaptation measures and actions identified from the work were coupled with a proposed set of indicators to measure and evaluate their progress towards targeted outcomes, along with cost estimates."


id: 98feda477b9f8f2e713d5b5c4e5e3d4f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4841
content:
"The graph shows that this represents a slightly increased rate of growth compared to that seen during the period 2010-  4 FOLU is interpreted as including emissions and removals under categories 3B (Land) and 3D (Other) within the IPCC category AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use).\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2017, closely reflecting the assumptions around economic and population growth, as well as future expansion of grid-based fossil power generation."


id: fb04d7334b4b9fd50789ad1807789228
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8340
content:
"The implementation of the prioritised policies and actions assume the continued use of existing and planned national and international financial sources. An initial assessment of the funding requirements for the identified measures has been described in this document, and implementation costs will be further refined as more evidence-based information is obtained, particularly in relation to forestry and other land use (FOLU) measures."


id: cd361e5c664f86ae232d8d564f882d21
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6716
content:
"The literature review led to the identification of more than 300 (three hundred) adaptation measures that were initially computed in an excel file with the identification of the sector, the action, the measure, a brief description, the expected resilience effect, and the source of the information."


id: 2bd830db7874b53a9d335b583e658a2b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 948
content:
"The measures and actions were grouped according to the following sectors: (i) Agriculture (ii) Biodiversity, tourism, culture and wildlife (iii) Energy (iv) Disaster risk reduction (DRR) and early warning systems (EWS) (v) Fisheries (vi) Forestry (vii) Human health (viii) Infrastructure (ix) Social protection and gender (x) Water resources and supply (xi) Cross cutting These were later grouped according to the following thematic areas:\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (i) Effective and efficient EWS; (ii) Accessible and harmless water; (iii) Blooming biodiversity, ecosystems and eco-tourism; (iv) Smart agriculture, livestock and fisheries; (v) Climate-proofed infrastructures, buildings and energy systems; and (vi) Healthy and protected people The indication of the conditionality of the measure (according to the level of unconditional or conditional support) was also included where such information was available."


id: af420e64fe4c51a4faa9dca072d0ffee
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5620
content:
"The measures are grouped by sector and summarised according to key aspects of implementation planning, including the responsible government ministries and implementing entities9, the planned timeline, and the estimated funding requirements through 204010. Adaptation and resilience co-benefits are also shown, as well as key linkages with achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.  9 Note that due to space restrictions, acronyms are used throughout; please therefore refer to the list of acronyms and abbreviations included at the front of this report as required."


id: 4f2a0c7d076328ad43a474ea01b2d553
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2186
content:
"The mitigation and adaptation contributions set out in this document are therefore considered to be both fair and ambitious in the context of Malawi\u201fs national circumstances.\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 4 NDC revision process Malawi submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in October 2015 setting out its adaptation and mitigation goals to 2040. With the entry into force of the Paris Agreement in November 2016, the INDC formally became Malawi\u201fs first NDC."


id: a720492d073c178a1affd5f06f175a6c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5323
content:
"The mitigation and adaptation contributions set out in this document are therefore considered to be both fair and ambitious in the context of Malawi\u201fs national circumstances. Mitigation Malawi\u201fs mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) emissions scenario over the period to 2040. Latest national inventory data estimate total greenhouse (GHG) emissions excluding forestry and other land use (FOLU) at 9.33 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) for 2017."


id: 6970bac5a6037faec9c1b5dcbbe3d01a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3128
content:
"The mitigation measures suggested in the agricultural sector will unconditionally contribute 100 Gg CO2 equivalent mainly from reduced synthetic fertilizer application, and around 400 Gg CO2 equivalent per annum from implementing climate smart agriculture extensively by 2040, conditional upon support. 2.8 Forestry and other land-use The main activities responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and removals in the forestry sector include deforestation, forest degradation, and afforestation (which includes natural and assisted regeneration)."


id: dc56e9cdccf50fca42a21708c04ac032
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7254
content:
"The mitigation options for agriculture are: the promotion of sustainable intensification pathways for the livestock sector, including improved feeding, breeding and veterinary services as well as improved manure management; promoting agroforestry systems in targeted locations as source of biomass and soil carbon sequestration; optimizing fertilizer application with regards to product, rate, timing and placement and encouraging the application of organic amendments such as manure and crop\f residues that contain the potential to contribute to soil carbon levels; the planting of nitrogen fixing plants to reduce fertilizer usage; as well as potentially reduced and zero tillage."


id: 8a9846951a6e39041a0bf7f36c9c1089
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4338
content:
"The most rapid growth is forecast within energy use (energy industries, transport, other energy use and fugitive emission), which expands its share of total emissions from 25% in 2017 to around 42% in 2030 and 57% by 2040. The share of emissions from waste generation (wastewater and solid waste) falls slightly from around 18% in 2017 to 12% in 2040, whilst the share of emissions from agricultural sources (crop management and livestock) declines from 54% to 29% over the same period."


id: 6bf057c2da6e4ad70b36cd82430d00db
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3226
content:
"The net emissions reduction potential from afforestation and sustainable forestry management, which includes REDD+, can be seen to be particularly significant; taken together the measures are estimated to offer around 40 million tCO2e of net removals through the NDC period, or two thirds of the total estimated potential of 59.8 million tCO2e."


id: f5b49a65708e0ade684b95575ac1ef
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8127
content:
"The overall goal of the Policy is to promote climate change adaptation and mitigation for sustainable livelihoods through measures that increase levels of knowledge and understanding and improve human well-being and social equity, while pursuing economic development that significantly reduces environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In addition, Malawi has sector-specific policies which have mainstreamed adaptation and mitigation activities, as well as implementation frameworks that foster development and transfer of technology and capacity building."


id: 7a25b4ec7e81584c777cb621856c1ec4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3728
content:
"The performance of the other sectors is dependent on agriculture which is largely rainfed and hence highly vulnerable to climate change and climate variability. Malawi\u201fs GDP was estimated at 6,917 USD million in 2018 (World Bank, 2020), representing an average GDP per capita of 381 USD, one of the lowest in the world and also in Africa. As well as being highly vulnerable to the increasing impacts of climate change, Malawi has been severely affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic."


id: db60fa59718cf691e75ae39b8abc590e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7210
content:
"The population density is 168 persons per km2, making Malawi one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The overall average life expectancy is about 48.5 years, which is below the average life expectancy for Africa which is estimated at 53 years (GoM, 2020). Malawi\u201fs economy is largely based on agriculture, with the sector supporting about 80% of rural people\u201fs livelihoods and contributing about 30% to gross domestic product (GDP) and 80% of export revenues (GoM, 2020)."


id: 56ada8f5f0de8dc9818c3058841c3577
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2442
content:
"The projection provides the reference case against which the emissions reduction  3 According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) GHG reporting guidelines (IPPC, 2006); for the purposes of the NDC analysis, AFOLU is separated into Agriculture and FOLU; FOLU was excluded from the projection modelling.\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION potential from specific mitigation actions has been estimated under alternative GHG reduction pathways (described further below)."


id: 6febce859a847c1288eaca64efdddfa1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3377
content:
"The projects identified in the NDC were re-assessed, as well as additional projects and programmes. In some cases, the details, and context, regarding many of the projects were found to have changed since the time of INDC submission. The \u201elong list\u201f of options identified thereby reflected a set of real projects and programmes under consideration, or having been studied, from within government departments and agencies. The identified measures provided the basis for the GHG emissions modelling described in the following section."


id: 4cd94f44e573d6f05fed9148d031780
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2111
content:
"The second mitigation scenario, showing the total mitigation potential from both domestic and conditional mitigation, sees emissions increasing by a much reduced rate over the period, to around 16.9 MtCO2e, equal to a reduction of around 51% by 2040 against the same baseline.\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC emission reduction scenarios against BAU (excl. FOLU)  NDC emission reduction scenarios against BAU (excl."


id: 7713366af2b6c7a1644a36676d70e161
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3638
content:
"The section includes information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding (ICTU) in relation to the development and scope of the target(s), comprising\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION both the BAU scenario and emissions reductions associated with implementation of the mitigation measures. 5.2 GHG emissions inventory Malawi\u201fs Third National Communication (TNC) (GoM, 2020) provides a detailed breakdown of the national GHG emissions inventory for the year 2010."


id: 9b9e0e22880e9cd534cffcd02348d5f6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4916
content:
"The sectoral scope of this contribution covers all emissions sources described in the IPCC 2006 Reporting Guidelines, including emissions from the categories of energy; industrial processes and product use (IPPU); waste; and agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) but excluding sources from forestry and other land use. These sources may be included within future contributions, subject to improved data availability and ongoing development in the accuracy of their quantification within the national GHG inventory."


id: 2486a94f5b50f59dbcfa3dc85645cd9b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 704
content:
"The selection of sectors prioritized in the INDC was premised not only on the sectors that could make the greatest contribution to GHG abatement and resilience building, but other emerging issues were also considered to reflect changes overtime in other key sectors. For instance, the energy and industrial sector landscapes are bound to change in line with developmental plans of the country. Furthermore, the INDC has included issues of adaptation and community resilience, paying particular attention to the vulnerable groups and sectors."


id: 4361e0cd1fa2a5491b0f557afb25542f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1774
content:
"The socio- economic sectors are based on the NAP and the TNC and include:\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION \uf0b7 Agriculture, fisheries and livestock; \uf0b7 Ecosystems (including forestry), biodiversity, tourism, culture and wildlife; \uf0b7 Energy; \uf0b7 Human health; \uf0b7 Infrastructures, buildings and energy; and \uf0b7 Social protection and gender The sectoral vulnerability assessment is largely based on the TNC. The language used in that from the IPCC AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Part B: Regional Aspects. 3: Africa (see Figure 6-1)."


id: 9fa2627e57ab7b886e316f6c186f91b2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5048
content:
"The support packages have come most recently through the Climate Action Enhancement Package (CAEP) which is currently implementing projects in relation to project identification (e.g. concept notes), monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) and NDC implementation planning among other initiatives. 8.2 Capacity building and technology transfer Under the Paris Agreement, developed countries have also committed to provide technology transfer and capacity building to developing countries."


id: 3b0ef7a8d6170920f29dacdcac9ee7e3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1495
content:
"The table below summarises Malawi\u201fs framework for tracking and reporting on progress of implementing the mitigation and adaptation goals outlined in the NDC. It indicates the institutions, fora, roles and responsibilities proposed to guide and support implementation of MRV of the NDC at the national level including policy and strategic decision levels. Supporting information on the mitigation and adaptation components are provided further below."


id: 3757f1448ec4572678144de4f9a7a8be
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1360
content:
"The ten strategic options are related to the three pillars \u2013 (i) institutional framework, (ii) knowledge, technology and financing and (iii) resilience of the most vulnerable, which support three main objectives \u2013 (i) promote an enabling environment to facilitate climate change adaptation (CCA) mainstreaming, (ii) improve capacity for data and information management  and sharing, and access to technology and financing for adaptation, and (iii) plan and implement adaptation actions toward an increased resilience of the most vulnerable Malawians."


id: 724e3444d93f1977efb5f5858046f7d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3460
content:
"The top-most structures shall be the Pillar Coordination Groups (PCGs) that link directly and will be responsible for spearheading implementation and reporting progress on the three pillars of the National Vision: Agriculture, Productivity and Commercialization; Industrialization; and Urbanization. The PCGs shall be supported by the Enabler Coordination Group on Environmental Sustainability (ECGES). Co-chaired by MEPD&PSR and MOFNR, with EAD as the secretariat, the ECGES will bring together all relevant\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION stakeholders (state and non-state) falling under the Environmental Sustainability enabler."


id: 1959592fff7b64723ec1a63632b6e13c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 341
content:
"The total estimated cost for Malawi\u201fs identified NDC mitigation measures through 2040 is estimated at around 41.8 billion USD for mitigation measures, and around 4.5 billion USD for adaptation measures, representing a combined funding requirement of 46.3 billion USD. Of this total, around one third is estimated to be required over the next decade (2020-2030), and two thirds in the subsequent decade (2030-2040)."


id: 7d8c43228148859ede93cc4e640cf55c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3833
content:
"The vulnerability assessment was taken from the Third National Communication (TNC) (GoM, 2020). The following conclusions may be drawn from climate change scenario analysis results about future expected temperature and rainfall regimes in Malawi based on the two scenarios used: (a) there is a positive trend in temperature rise, i.e."


id: c87c0732745405618bae144d2fd3d763
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6536
content:
"The vulnerability of energy production is related to the sources being affected by floods and droughts in terms of damage to machinery, loss of biomass productivity and availability of appropriate alternative technologies. For instance, solar PV is an alternative energy source for lighting when there is load shedding resulting in generation outage, but the technology is currently unaffordable without international support."


id: ea5993e736cc235b2db0a0dff2c1dad5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7725
content:
"There have been other strategic documents that have provided policy direction such as the National Communications of 2002 and 2011 submitted to COP, NAPA (2006), National Environment and Climate Change Communication Strategy (2012), Malawi s Climate Change Learning Strategy (2012) and National Climate Change Investment Plan (2014). MGDSII recognises climate change as a key priority area. 7 Monitoring and Evaluation System for Adaptation  For all government programmes and projects implemented in the country, a monitoring and evaluation framework is in place."


id: c8a1004b4129b8b07b3dfd3b78f0af56
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6542
content:
"There is a need to accelerate feasibility studies of potential HEP sites so that corresponding electricity generation growth exceeds that of fossil fuel based electric power plants.  With external support, Government of Malawi will be able to make significant investments in energy generation from cleaner sources 2.6 Industrial Process and Other Product Units There is currently a shortage of decent houses both in urban and rural areas of Malawi."


id: c746da6ac7fd226a2f0eddc9d8cb8b9f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6481
content:
"There is also a particular drive by many bilateral donors to scale up their support for adaptation. To fully implement the mitigation and adaptation contributions described in this document, Malawi will require support in the form of finance, capacity building, and technology transfer."


id: 12905537e0a8ee661afb3cc104877041
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 80
content:
"These challenges serve to further threaten Malawi\u201fs capacity to adapt to climate change impacts and provide an important context for the country\u201fs development and environmental policy priorities. 2.1.3 Socio-economic characteristics Malawi\u201fs population was 18.1 million in 2018 and has been growing at an average rate of around 2.8% per year since 2000 (UN DESA, 2019). According to the national Population and Housing Census 2018, around 18% of the population are located in urban areas and 82% in rural areas (NSO, 2019)."


id: 3c92f18de29ce8afbe509dc7362789db
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1532
content:
"These important concerns are reflected in the choice of mitigation measures outlined in this nationally determined contribution.\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Malawi is blessed with abundant biodiversity and has diverse habitats and ecosystems including woodlands, montane grasslands, wetlands and fresh water bodies that harbour a rich variety of flora and fauna, including more than 5,000 plants and over 8,500 invertebrate species. Malawi\u201fs terrestrial ecosystems comprise forests, mountains and grasslands (GoM, 2020)."


id: fa93c4d829fbe3d526e6b0a347d5b3c4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8322
content:
"These included the INDC, the NAP, the Third National Communication, the NAPA, the Technology Needs Assessment (TNA), the National Climate Change Investment Plan (NCCIP) and the National Response Strategy (NRS). In reviewing such documents, the first step of the analysis covered the identification of the adaptation actions and measures that could be included within the revised NDC. In reviewing these documents, the first step of the analysis covered the identification of the adaptation actions and measures that could now be included within the updated NDC."


id: 2b296625d461a1adf7e1a7cbffcd208f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 931
content:
"These latter sources may be included within future contributions, subject to improved data availability and ongoing development in the accuracy of their quantification within the national GHG inventory. For this updated NDC, an indicative emissions reduction contribution has instead been made. This has been estimated at 59.8 million tCO2e of reductions through a range of FOLU interventions covering an area of up to 2 million hectares (Ha), of which 22 per cent is unconditional and 78 per cent conditional on international support."


id: 32ef604267db63e8cee0f04dc62499d0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1210
content:
"These should also include a description of steps made to implement mitigation actions in support of the UNFCCC goal, among other aspects (as required under Decision 17/CP.8 and other decisions on implementation details); and \uf0b7 Biennial Update Reports (BURs) to be submitted every two years. These should include an updated GHG inventory report from that of the NC, a measurement of mitigation actions and their impacts, reporting on the domestic MRV system and a description of needs and international support received."


id: a04373bfd4b1475b9f5dcdb93f4c0c54
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5074
content:
"They also agreed to establish a more ambitious climate finance target from 2025. Developing countries are requested to report on the support they have received and any additional needs they have in these areas. For adaptation financing, the Green Climate Fund (GCF) has committed to allocate at least half of its resources to adaptation, and half of its adaptation resources to Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and countries in Sub-Saharan Africa."


id: 69befe13c52bd1bcafdc93f47630d728
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3142
content:
"This approach requires classifying each of the mitigation measures (or a share of its full implementation potential) as either an \u201eunconditional\u201f or \u201econditional\u201f action. Multi-criteria evaluation provided a basis for grouping the mitigation measures accordingly. In so doing, the following broad considerations were also used to help guide the choices: 1. Costs and investment levels: Higher cost projects and those requiring significant up-front investment levels are typically considered more suitable to international support given national budget and resource constraints. 2."


id: 57499ed92f623eabadad018fc6f7095f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2463
content:
"This exists as a robust established platform for reporting on environmental factors, which will be enhanced to report on NDC progress as per an agreed framework of key indicators. As the Co-Chairs of the NSCCC, MOEPD&PSR and EAD will have joint responsibility to provide the overall strategic direction on the MRV and M&E of the NDC. The TCCC&DRM has responsibility for coordinating the NDC MRV, including ensuring engagement of all relevant institutions and stakeholders to provide the data required for inputting to the MIS."


id: e12c4a772c5d6e5e04c8dd17efbb74c3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7427
content:
"This has been undertaken through a process that integrates an analysis of Malawi\u201fs existing sectoral and climate policy framework, the generation of qualitative information through consultation with government officials, experts and stakeholders, quantitative modelling of mitigation options and scenarios, and multi-criteria assessment to determine conditional and unconditional contributions. In so doing, the analysis builds on the work undertaken in support of Malawi\u201fs INDC submission in 2015 and other more recent studies including e.g."


id: 66ea5685a2f2898cab45faba198eb182
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3042
content:
"This information is at present compiled by Malawi and is submitted to the UNFCCC through two channels: \uf0b7 National Communications (NCs) to be submitted every four years, covering measurements of GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks compiled in accordance with IPCC reporting guidelines (i.e. a National GHG inventory)."


id: 5d2a787873ad6c1e932835404afd7337
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2663
content:
"This information will be critical to guide resource mobilization for the successful implementation of Malawi\u201fs NDC. The NDC MRV information will be prepared using appropriate reporting protocols and formats for national level as well as international reporting. At the national level, NDC MRV will be monitored, analysed and reported annually to the NSCCC and the Natural Resources SWG (uploaded on an IT-based system) using national planning driven process coordinated by MOEDP&PSR to inform policy and strategic planning."


id: 3200ef75ab47f341d90abf9d7dc873ba
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1180
content:
"This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies. \uf0b7 Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 45 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 15.6 million tCO2e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding."


id: f2c672054cd32aa3573ffac5189ef9ba
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8010
content:
"This is fully aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and subsequently with Agenda 2030 and the sectoral planning process, along with the framework for the National Adaptation Plan. Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) framework The Paris Agreement contains several additional MRV requirements which, when taken together with the existing UNFCCC arrangements, provide an enhanced basis for Malawi\u201fs international reporting requirements relating to its updated NDC."


id: 13420291e7444c548645811aea766c06
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 109
content:
"This outlook reflects assumptions around the growing contribution from fossil fuels to national emissions, arising from increasing demand for thermal power generation and transport services. At the same time, despite potential for increased productivity, agricultural output in expected to be more limited, growing broadly in line with trends over the past decade."


id: 7e38eb651e224fda7687861b491366f0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3857
content:
"This provided the basis for developing medium term developmental plans such as the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme (MPRSP), Malawi Economic Growth Strategy (MEGS) and Malawi Growth and Development Strategy I & II (MGDS I & II). MGDS II spans over the period 2011 to 2016. At the sectoral level, the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) (1994) and National Environmental Policy (NEP) (revised 2004) provided policy guidance and direction to manage the environment, natural resources and climate change."


id: e31b1b793974b2e8912fb212c5875365
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7496
content:
"This refers to climatic drivers, key risks and adaptation issues and prospects or adaptation actions disaggregated in measures, for the specific Malawian case. Key risks are identified based on detailed assessment of the literature including an evaluation based on the assessment of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC s Fifth Assessment Report (WGII AR5).\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Figure 6-1 Key risks from climate change and the potential for risk reduction through mitigation and adaptation in Africa."


id: ecd662fcfe89cab4e96296dc162e5d6a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7822
content:
"This represents the BAU baseline projection of all emitting sectors, excluding FOLU, against which the contribution from NDC mitigation measures can be quantified. At an aggregate level, total emissions are forecast to increase by more than three times over the 2017-2040 period, rising from 9.3 million tCO2e in 2017 to 34.6 million tCO2e in 2040."


id: dedbf78380298a7ecb827b6492c03bfb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7347
content:
"This section provides a brief description of the revision process of Malawi\u201fs NDC for both the mitigation and adaptation components. 4.1.1 Business-as-usual (BAU) emissions forecasting The mitigation contribution contained in this updated NDC takes the form of a \u201ebaseline target\u201f. This is a deviation below a reference baseline (BAU) scenario in the absence of NDC measures, expressed as a relative reduction (%) between the mitigation scenario and the BAU scenario in 2040."


id: 402c6f02221fea15e8f7ff545754f203
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1660
content:
"This section provides an overview of these means of implementation. 8.1 Finance needs The NDC updating process has made use of extensive consultations with sector experts to generate \u201cconditional\u201d and \u201cunconditional\u201d costing estimates for both mitigation and adaptation measures projected through to 2025, 2030 and 2040.18 These estimates, provided by consultant teams led by the EC, UNDP and Carbon Counts, will guide and position Malawi for strategic resources mobilization to meet its climate action ambition, and help inform a process of tracking climate finance flows towards climate mitigation and adaptation action."


id: f492cf4d52ec4db45b27c8be7b697bb2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8083
content:
"This timeframe will allow development of a detailed INDC plan and feed into the medium term plan of the successor MGDS III which will become effective in 2016, and also be aligned with the new long term vision when the current expires in 2020. 5 The INDC Development Process The preparation of Malawi\u2019s INDC was conducted with government\u2019s full commitment and all inclusive process: It passed through the establishment of national INDC taskforce and the launching of the process at national level."


id: 25758586aa3efa82674767932c4638e5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 737
content:
"This type of target requires estimating counterfactual projections of emissions based on a number of assumptions around what constitutes BAU (e.g. economic growth, population, planned policies and strategies). As described further in the next section, the development of the BAU scenario used in the updated Malawi\u201fs NDC has now been undertaken at a detailed sectoral level, drawing from extensive consultation with national sector experts and stakeholders. The modelling undertaken includes economy-wide drivers of activity (e.g."


id: a5122d7a2f394ffea311b350d4997c0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5240
content:
"This updated NDC reflects the use of in-depth technical and economic analysis of NDC measures. As is described further below, the measures were assessed by applying mitigation modelling and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) over the period to 2040 in order to determine their emissions reduction potential against the BAU scenario, along with their socio-economic costs and benefits, including investment requirements."


id: a15ddbeacb4d764ef72f8d90691ce624
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5107
content:
"This updated NDC updates and strengthens the first NDC for both the mitigation and adaptation contributions, informed by improved data collection, in-depth technical analysis and extensive stakeholder engagement. In the case of mitigation, detailed sector- and project-based modelling has been undertaken to estimate the national mitigation potential and develop quantified conditional and unconditional contributions through 2040."


id: ac67b269ac47a517bb1d93a63c121f03
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5518
content:
"This was mainly undertaken on a sectoral basis through a list of agreed key government and expert focal points, in relation to collection of data and information as well as discussion and validation of projects, measures and modelling assumptions. The key focal points are shown below in Figure 4-1, along with their sectoral coverage, responsibility or area."


id: 77dd9b4f228c4c9001102ee069887b5c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3665
content:
"This will allow Malawi to effectively track progress of the mitigation activities identified in this NDC consistent with UNFCCC reporting standards, and carry out ongoing evaluation of whether the country is on course to meet its targets through 2040. 7.2 Institutional arrangements At the national level, the Malawi Government has put in place robust national planning process involving pillar, enabler, sector and district level coordination structures that are coordinated by the National Planning Commission (NPC) for medium to long term plans and strategies, and the Ministry of Economic Planning, Development and Public Sector Reforms (MOEPD&PSR) through sector working groups (SWGs) that track the short term implementation of sector priorities aligned with the goals of the Malawi Growth Development Strategy (MGDS) III and the National Vision (Malawi 2063)."


id: a83a4b0f8c7190783bd300301703b903
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5369
content:
"This will be done with support of broad District based stakeholders through the District Executive Committee (DEC), providing an opportunity for engagement of NGOs private sector and development partners to provide inputs into the NDC MRV process. MOLG provides coordination oversight in facilitating local government data management flows to central level institutions. The NDC MRV system shall be hosted by the Department of Economic Planning and Development (EPD) and integrated within the existing national management information system (MIS)."


id: 160f5eecb5aec956e1208dc5cf8d9166
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 213
content:
"Total emissions excluding FOLU are estimated at 9.33 million tCO2e for 2017. Agriculture accounted for by far the largest share of the total (5.07 million tCO2e, 54% of total), followed by Energy (2.34 million tCO2e, 25% of total) and waste (1.67 million tCO2e, 18% of total). Emissions from IPPU represented just 0.24 milliontCO2e, equivalent to around 3% of total emissions in 2017 (mainly associated with calcination CO2 emissions from minerals production)."


id: 2362db27d4d134c9e104e3a86835d63b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 663
content:
"Transport sector NDC mitigation report. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 2015. Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2015. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factsheet: Greenhouse Gas Emissions in East Africa. December 2015. See:  World Bank, 2020. World Bank online economic country level data; accessed 16 Sept 2020 from    19 Working version; the final published version was submitted February, 2021\f  REPUBLIC OF MALAWI"


id: b2fef336865bdf064195db01a668b74d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5761
content:
"Two main mitigation options have been proposed for the forestry sector which are in accordance with the recently approved Government of Malawi REDD+ Programme Action Plan: protection and conservation (of existing forests); and, afforestation (covering tree planting, as well as natural and assisted regeneration). Malawi is committed to pursuing policies and measures that slow and eventually reverse GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and increase removals through afforestation."


id: d640b593ca9a7990502c5c5885b0f102
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7041
content:
"Unconditional and conditional NDC mitigation measures  Mitigation measure Conditional Unconditional ENERGY Grid hydropower - Grid solar - Small scale solar PV/SHS - Grid wind power - High efficiency coal plant -\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Efficient charcoal production - Carbon capture and storage - Power factor correction - Modal shift: passenger Modal shift: freight Ethanol blending Biodiesel blending Efficient charcoal stoves - Efficient wood stoves - Efficient tobacco curing - Conservation tillage - IPPU Cement blended with RHA - Earth stabilised blocks - Low carbon clinker - AGRICULTURE Fertiliser and manure management Crop residue and rotation Improved rice management Improved livestock husbandry Improved farm management Conservation tillage Improved livestock and breed management FOLU Forestry measures (average) WASTE Landfill gas utilisation - Waste-to-energy (WtE) plants - Waste-water treatment and re-use -  Alternative GHG emissions pathways Figure 5-8 illustrates the emission projections for the BAU baseline and two alternative NDC mitigation scenarios covering implementation of (a) all NDC measures; and (b) domestic measures only."


id: 9753d22fac056ca2832eddadc23e44ea
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4777
content:
"University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) US$ 11 million uc: US$ 11m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Strengthening of farmer organizations and market engagement Department of Agricultural Extension Services National Smallholder Association of Malawi US$ 44 million uc: US$ 24m c: US$ 20m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Undertaking ADMARC reforms to reduce market uncertainty and price volatility Agriculture Development and Marketing Corporation (ADMARC) Ministry of Economic Planning and Public sector Reform US$ 11 million uc: US$ 11m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Promotion of efficient fertiliser use and manure management Department of Agricultural Extension Services NGOs US$ 11 million uc: US$ 11m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Restocking strategic grain reserves National Food Reserve Agency ADMARC US$ 55 million uc: US$ 35m c: US$ 20m"


id: 8a8f1c4641c47c8d394ec2b6d0cd50ad
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4337
content:
"Unsustainable use of natural resources impacts a range of important sectors. For example, the fisheries sector is one of the most economically important in Malawi, providing employment and contributing to food security for millions of rural poor Malawians. It provides about 70% of the animal protein and 40% of total protein intake for the majority of Malawians (GoM, 2020)."


id: 1a4acf9d0ea13e58acdfaf95b0aeccfe
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 373
content:
"Upscaling of the above listed activities will require external support. 3.3 Human health Various studies have shown that under climate change scenario, the spread of climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria and diarrhoea would increase, and food production would decline resulting in malnutrition.  Years of below-normal rainfall (e.g., 1991/92) have correspondingly led to higher incidents of malnutrition.  These issues are highlighted in the NAPA."


id: 283e12177f076d0f267e1ecc4e31ebb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 831
content:
"Vision 2020: The National Long-term Development Perspective. National Economic Council, March 1998. GoM, 2006. Malawi s National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA) Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Environmental Affairs Department, 2006. GoM, 2015a. Republic of Malawi\u201fs Intended Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC, October 2015. GoM, 2015b. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions for Malawi. Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining Environmental Affairs Department, July 2015. GoM, 2016a. National Climate Change Management Policy."


id: 3afa62f9a3e5cc593c47ea4740b6f990
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1490
content:
"Vulnerable and disadvantaged groups carry the burden of the impacts of climate change. Women and girls are particularly impacted, as they have to walk further in search of basic commodities for the family such as firewood and water. Yet, women may not have the authority to decide on alternative and climate-resilient solutions for the household. The adaptation interventions proposed in this INDC are meant to enhance gender inclusiveness in the adaptation programmes and projects."


id: 272d84bf818c80a37b75d33307ea90af
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 790
content:
"What is clear from the description of climate change scenarios for Malawi in its TNC is that floods, droughts and strong winds will continue to wreak havoc in the country."


id: c4155432c5c879adc0d160195a90b88b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6367
content:
"While some of these uncertainties pertain mainly to endogenous economic and political factors, as a least-developed country the pace and scope of future emissions growth and the nation\u2019s overall pursuit of low-emissions development will also hinge on the provision of international capacity building, technology transfer and financial assistance.  The Government of Malawi is working with development partners to improve climate change related data management systems."


id: 874d7ae4735a3ac0431b4c6b0ed9fd55
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4219
content:
"While the Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources through the Environmental Affairs Department, in its capacity as the UNFCCC Focal Point for Malawi, will coordinate the implementation of the NDC all stakeholders will be expected to implement various aspects of the NDC and report on the same, in order to allow for tracking of implementation progress. It is the Government\u201fs expectation to have a successful implementation that will materialize into the intended results.  Nancy G. Tembo, M.P."


id: e3dde2dcdd9ec32362928486bf8afe0e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7526
content:
"While the initial selection of adaptation measures was based on priority sectors for the country as identified in the previous INDC and confirmed in national policies, programmes and plans, this NDC took a further step to refine the measures by reflecting on desired outcomes \u2013 an approach advanced by the National Resilience Strategy (2018-2030) that allows for cross- sector collaboration in planning and delivery."


id: b632dac42a13db1e00c91a8fbdf3ba34
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5881
content:
"Yanira M. Ntupanyama, PhD Secretary for Forestry and Natural Resources\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION III Acknowledgements The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) for the Government of Malawi was prepared with technical and financial support from the NDC-Partnership through the Climate Action Enhancement Package (CAEP). This support was provided through various Implementing Partners including Carbon Counts, German International Cooperation (GIZ), ICLEI (Local Governments for Sustainability), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) under Climate Promise, and the European Commission."


id: bdaedf4b32cb6006942df3bb802122f3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6134
content:
"and Agriculture Organisation FRIM Forestry Research Institute of Malawi FOLU Forestry and Other Land Use GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Greenhouse gas GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit GoM Government of Malawi MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION V Ha Hectare ICTU Information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IRP Integrated Resource Plan IWRM Integrated water resources management LDC Least Developed Country LUANAR Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MCCCI Malawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry MEGS Malawi Economic Growth Strategy MERA Malawi Energy Regulatory Authority MGDS Malawi Growth and Development Strategy MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOFNR Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources MOEPD&PSR Ministry of Economic Planning, Development and Public Sector Reforms MOI Ministry of Industry MOTPW Ministry of Transport and Public Works MOLG Ministry of Local Government MOE Ministry of Energy MPRSP Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million tonnes Nitrous oxide NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NAP National Adaptation Plan NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NCCF National Climate Change Fund NCCMP National Climate Change"


id: 65bfe33c2fe4f415acb4fbba5746873e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2993
content:
"and NGOs US$ 11 million uc: US$ 11m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Promotion of legumes and other multiple impact crops for soil fertility improvement and dietary improvement Department of Agricultural Extension Services Private sector and NGOs US$ 55 million uc: US$ 25m c: US$ 30m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Promotion of drought-resilient water, soil and catchment conservation through farmer- managed natural regeneration Department of Land Resources and Conservation Private sector and NGOs US$ 66 million uc: US$ 36m c: US$ 30m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Improved livestock husbandry Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development NGOs See mitigation table Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Promotion of various drought- resilient water, soil and catchment conservation interventions on and off-farm Department of Land Resources and Conservation"


id: 38e29078e0b7ce2922604249d4ebcdc9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1412
content:
"and hygiene practices Ministry of Health (Department of Preventive Health services) Department of Water Supply, NGOs US$ 30 million uc: US$ 15m c: US$ 15m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Enhance health surveillance of Malaria, Diarrhoea and Malnutrition Ministry of Health (Department of Preventive Health services) NGOs/ CSOs (e.g."


id: 93c02ad7436a2fdd1d90ff5c454390c9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4651
content:
"area for the mitigation and adaptation components of the NDC, as well as finance and support as required under the Paris Agreement."


id: 6ab7ea649d2b99bd83142abfc2732d39
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3179
content:
"be shared within the CBIT Global Coordination Platform and other relevant platforms and network. 7.2.2 NDC MRV data and information management system An integrated MRV data and information management system, drawing upon existing procedures and resources, is required as part of a robust M&E framework for NDC implementation."


id: ba18f145de822dc37838ae91a58e5f23
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6015
content:
"change - Manually operated system for flood forecasting and flood warning in the country; and it is only the Lower Shire Valley that has such a system in place - The main shortfall with the EWS for droughts is that it mainly focuses on food security rather than being a multisectoral tool where the impact of droughts on water resources, health, energy, DRM, and tourism are considered MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Sector Climate drivers Key risks Causes of vulnerability Agriculture, fisheries and livestock Temperature increase/ Extreme temperature Precipitation/ Extreme precipitation Reduced crop productivity associated with heat and drought stress, with strong adverse effects on regional, national, and household livelihood and food security, also given increased pest and disease damage and flood impacts on food system infrastructure Adverse effects on livestock linked to temperature rise and precipitation changes that lead to increased heat and water stress, and shifts in the range of pests and diseases, with adverse impacts on pastoral livelihoods and rural poverty - Exposure to climate extremes - Most smallholder farmers are resource poor; as such, they have very limited capacity to contain shocks arising from climate change, particularly floods, strong winds, and droughts - Limited agro-processing facilities"


id: 202dde25e80b186c6a8fdc2c387940a3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 562
content:
"change measures and where relevant to track climate change issues and indicators according to gender and vulnerable groups; In relation to adaptation, specific capacity and national needs include: \uf0b7 Improved capability (human resources and technology) to deliver sector specific weather services for averting disaster (including flood, drought and pest infestation) through effective early warning systems and disaster management; \uf0b7 Access to, and overcoming barriers to the adoption of, climate smart technologies in agriculture, fisheries and water management; \uf0b7 Up-scaled adoption of alternative energy to biomass for cooking and heating; \uf0b7 Climate change adaptation measures that are planned with a gender lens and are capable of targeting and tracking progress and outcomes by gender and other sources of vulnerability; \uf0b7 Humans that realize and exploit ecological goods and services in ways that are mutually beneficial to the social and ecological systems; MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION \uf0b7 Improved and sustained flows through robust water use management/licensing systems and abstraction measurement and regulation technology, and associated water use management tools (procedures and protocols); and \uf0b7 Readily available resources for disaster risk reduction and management."


id: 3ace537df5b997578c298e0427216e83
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1484
content:
"culverts) Ministry of Transport and Public Works (Buildings Department) Department of Water Resources uc: US$ 12m c: US$ 67m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 FLOOD-PROOFING\uf020 Applying safety and build better and smarter principles including granular protection, beam and base under pinning factor to design assumptions Ministry of Transport and Public Works (Buildings Department) Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DODMA) million uc: US$ 36m c: US$ 100m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Revision of existing building standards to incorporate climate change considerations, such as passive cooling measures, mini- piled underpinning, including pile and beam, cantilever pile caps and piled rafts; raising roads, road re-alignment, pavements and adding drainage capacity; and realigning natural water courses Ministry of Transport and Public Works (Buildings Department) Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DODMA) million uc: US$ 12m c: US$ 90m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Conducting slope stability studies to reduce incidents of landslides Ministry of Transport and Public Works (Buildings Department) Department of Disaster"


id: d4c336bd3e783b8c61f3cf74f5aaca54
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6997
content:
"efficiency \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Application of drought management in the design, construction and management of public and private infrastructure, such as by increasing the size and number of water engineering structures (e.g."


id: bad381084d16f56b13bee22f2a54488e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6046
content:
"fossil based fuel \ufffd Forestry Support research in drought tolerant and fast growing tree species \ufffd Expand afforestation and forest regeneration programmes \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Promote growing of drought tolerant and fast frowing tree species \ufffd Wildlife Provide watering points at strategic locations of national park/ game reserve \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Implement diseases control programmes \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Support capacity building in wildlife institution to lead in adaptation initiatives e.g."


id: 7f80c8f6c7b3373a69390f320ac09734
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3898
content:
"fuel use, waste generation) and emissions, such as economic and population growth, as well as sector-specific factors (e.g. power expansion plans, transport strategy plans, agricultural output levels). The projections also make use of regression analysis based on latest available data to better understand and inform relationships between certain forecast model parameters. The projections make use of the most recent information and data including recently available information sources such as e.g."


id: 2f06fcc37e30c098c7cf9d5f3a21d0d4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1072
content:
"migration due to weather and climate extremes, and other factors Increased migration leading to human suffering, human rights violations, political instability and conflict - Exposure to the vectors that propagate malaria and diarrhoeal diseases - Malnutrition - Exposure to extreme events that may cause injuries and life losses Source: Authors, based on GoM, 2015a and IPCC analysis MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.3 Methodological approach The adaptation work stream was undertaken in close alignment with work already done in Malawi to increase the climate resilience of the most vulnerable communities and ecosystems."


id: 6d28ae34d4eb572a27825f7d608fbf6f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3269
content:
"national forestry strategies, electricity generation system planning, transport planning, municipal waste drainage and sanitation master plans). Information was collected primarily through discussions with the agreed focal points within the relevant ministries, departments and other organisations. The resulting long-list was refined on these discussions and follow-up meetings with government officials and sector experts through August 2020 to February 2021. As part of this process, the measures identified in the INDC were re-assessed along with additional projects and programmes."


id: 37acd1e57f23ba7dcbb92ea4af86a94c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1370
content:
"national population projections, official power demand and generation projections, transport and vehicle survey data, official statistics, policy planning documents etc.\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 4.1.2 Identifying and assessing mitigation measures Malawi\u201fs first NDC identified a wide range of mitigation measures within each of the country\u201fs key emitting sectors. However, these were not assessed for their GHG mitigation potential."


id: 9ae65f2b06e099495e69b4c914244563
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4891
content:
"of Animal Health and Livestock Development Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) US$ 55 million uc: US$ 25m c: US$ 30m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Improving community participation in seed selection, storage and management, and the establishment of community and multiplication seed banks Department of Agricultural Extension Services Private Sector (e.g."


id: b05be6f8248c7d27077d0f9d4a608cb0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5656
content:
"of Forestry Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Culture Resilient Ecotourism indicators Department of Tourism Department of Parks and Wildlife, MEPA MOEPD&PSR Social Support related indicators Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Division Ministry of Education, MOGCSW, Dodoma, National Local Government Finance Committee, Micro finance institutions MOFNR Fisheries related indicators Department of Fisheries Department of Fisheries, LUANAR Integrated Watershed Management indicators Department of Water Resources Department of Forestry, Department of Land Resources Conservation, Department of Irrigation Biodiversity and Governance indicators EAD Department of Forestry, Department of Fisheries, Department of National Parks & Wildlife, National Herbarium & Botanical Gardens, FRIM; MEPA, Economic Planning Department, National Planning Commission MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation Line Ministry Activity / Indicator Lead Agency Key data providers / stakeholders Finance and support (capacity building and technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key data providers / stakeholders MOEPD&PSR Total amount of finance mobilised for climate mitigation and adaptation investments (by measure type and sector; conditional and unconditional flows) National Climate Change Fund (NCCF) MOFNR, EAD, donors MOEPD&PSR Capacity building, technical support and technology transfer EAD MOFNR, EAD, NCCF, NCST, MOA (Departments of Agricultural Research, and, Agricultural Extension Services), donors, and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations MALAWI\u2019S"


id: 304cb360c8a6b732637b6bfc8670fec1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1125
content:
"of fuel wood by establishing woodlots plantations and forest management \ufffd Upscale sustainable production of fuel wood by establishing woodlots plantations and forest management \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Wastes Construct controlled landfill for biogas recovery to generate up to 240 GWh of primary energy (95 GWh of electricity) per year \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Promote solid and water waste reduction practices at household, institutional and industry level to reduce waste generation \ufffd Process municipal solid wastes into fertilisers \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Install waste to energy incinerators to generate up to 250 GWh of electricity per year \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Provision of implementation means 3 Adaptation measures The priority sectors and thematic areas identified based on national development priorities are: agriculture (crops, livestock, fisheries), water resources, health, infrastructure, land-use planning, transport, population and human settlements, disaster risk management, forestry; wildlife, energy and gender."


id: 491b1c132a489b32f85e5ada8f851c84
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1983
content:
"stoves to \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Industrial Processes Increase use of soil-cement stabilized block and rice husk ash blended cement to around 10% of current cement production \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Support research and use of alternative cement materials \ufffd Develop national standards for alternative building materials and technologies \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Support industries engaged in carbon capture and storage \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Agriculture Support development of market based policies and legal instruments to shift decisions from financial to environmental decisions \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Develop appropriate extension and training materials for climate resilient agronomic practices \ufffd Upscale the dissemination of climate resilient agronomic practices to above 10% of current cropland \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Build capacity to implement and monitor the agriculture NAMA \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Forestry and land-use Afforestation, reforestation and forest conservation and protection of catchments \ufffd Upscale afforestation, reforestation and forest conservation and protection of catchments \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Implementation of payment for ecosystem service for hydroelectric dams \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Promotion of non-extractive livelihoods from forest \ufffd Upscale the non-extractive livelihoods from forest \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Promote sustainable production of fuel wood by establishing woodlots plantations and forest management \ufffd Upscale sustainable production of fuel wood by establishing woodlots"


id: b74b1162120e3edef681e812ec18d479
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5917
content:
"under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. \uf0b7 Step 4: Alternative GHG emissions pathways: Based on the analysis undertaken, the economy-wide mitigation potential through the period to 2040 was modelled against the BAU baseline. Two basic NDC mitigation scenarios were modelled, covering implementation of (a) all NDC measures; and (b) domestic measures only. Each of these steps is described further below."


id: 81589598b6803b9b9faed5996c7e255
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3966
content:
"upstream dams, storm drains, dikes, and bunds Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (Department of Water Resources) DODMA million uc: US$ 28m c: US$ 151m Savings in energy used to alleviate floods Protection of assets that promote low carbon development and mitigation \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Delineation of flood prone areas with flood zoning maps and the development of appropriate adaptation strategies and measures Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (Department of Water Resources) Ministry of Lands, Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DODMA) US$ 90 million conditional Savings in energy used to alleviate floods Protection of assets that promote low carbon development and mitigation \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Extension of the installation of telemetry flood forecasting and warning systems to other flood prone areas Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (Department of Water Resources) Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DODMA) US$ 54 million conditional Savings in energy used to alleviate floods Protection of assets that promote low carbon development and mitigation \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Integration of indigenous knowledge into early warning systems for floods Department of Water Resources and Department of"


id: b42718f6831995d9b1622703f5e351e0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5815
content:
"very limited capacity to contain shocks arising from climate change, particularly floods, strong winds, and droughts - Limited agro-processing facilities - Over-dependency on rain-fed agriculture and biomass energy - Lack of insurance schemes to compensate farmers and fishers - Inadequate hazard maps - Poor crop diversification - Overfishing - Weed infestation and eutrophication Infrastructure, buildings and energy Cyclones and winds Extreme weather events disrupt transport systems, production systems, infrastructure, public services (water, education, health, sanitation), especially in informal areas (flooding) - Exposure to extreme events and lake level raise with damages and disruptions in the supply chains - Environmental degradation, insufficient capacity, liquidity problems and vandalism, water level fluctuations, silting Human health and wellbeing Temperature increase/ Extreme temperature Precipitation/ Extreme precipitation Changes in the incidence and geographic range of vector- and water-borne diseases due to changes in the mean and variability of temperature and precipitation, particularly along the edges of their distribution Undernutrition, with its potential for life-long impacts on health and development and its associated increase in vulnerability to malaria and diarrheal diseases, can result from changing crop yields, migration due to weather and climate extremes, and other factors Increased migration leading to human suffering, human rights violations, political"


id: 2746cf399f084b974b4ff1b8bb47fd1b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 795
content:
"water needs \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Development of nationwide water quality monitoring framework systems Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (Department of Water Supply) Malawi Bureau of Standards US$ 29 million uc: US$ 4m c: US$ 25m Savings in energy used to water needs \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Promotion of cooperation with regional and international institutions in the conservation and management of wildlife resources Department of Wildlife and Parks Private Sector (e.g."


id: a249191deb097447a05b4306c4c2dbb7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5148
content:
"\uf020 \uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Waste Reduction Practices Solid and water waste reduction practices at household, institutional and industry level to reduce waste generation, resulting in reduced CH4 and CO2 emissions."


id: de60a86c69d2c57aae3881cba5cf8824
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7326
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Restocking strategic grain reserves National Food Reserve Agency ADMARC US$ 55 million uc: US$ 35m c: US$ 20m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Up-scaling feed preservation & fodder banks Department of Agricultural Extension Services and Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development NGOs US$ 22 million uc: US$ 10m c: US$ 12m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Improving agricultural value- addition through agro-processing Department of Agricultural Extension Services National Smallholder Association of Malawi US$ 22 million uc: US$ 7m c: US$ 15m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Improving infrastructure in agricultural value chains Department of Agricultural Extension Services National Smallholder Association of Malawi US$ 55 million uc: US$ 35m c: US$ 20m Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Provision of agricultural input subsidies & incentives Department"


id: a52143697c84e79dd975be992d15bf73
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5244
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 5.5 Funding requirements The figure below show the estimated funding requirements associated with all identified mitigation options, estimated at 41.8 billion USD through 2040. These represent the investment costs required for new plant, installations, equipment and goods, as well as additional implementation and ongoing costs. The funding levels for each sector broadly correspond to the estimated mitigation shares across each emitting sector, with energy projects accounting for the majority (around 86%), followed by agriculture (9%)."


id: b1803376ccd8563b20625c876cf1e13d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5705
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Grid connected wind power Displacement of GHG emissions from fossil fuel power generation, including coal-fired, diesel and HFO generation. MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, EGENCO, ESCOM million  conditional Reduced dependence on fossil fuels including imported high cost liquid fuels, the supply and distribution of which are vulnerable to climate impacts both globally and regionally."


id: 47e2c91047b8f2d3ca5574507ff889ed
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1938
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Improved livestock and breed management  Improved breeding management to increase meat and milk yields, including through species replacements, encouragement of semi-intensive feeding system and diversification, resulting in reduced CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation."


id: 6eb31f224f5bb8bc794d56a7beb603c7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3329
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020  \f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION  NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE AGRICULTURE CROP MANAGEMENT\uf020 Conservation agriculture: crop residue and rotation  Support and implementation of the planned expansion targets for crop residue and crop rotation to improve soil conservation, resulting in increase of soil carbon stock and  improved crop yields."


id: cef4061efd16687adbd0e24c21065e0a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6782
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020  NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE IPPU MINERALS INDUSTRY\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Increased use of rice husk ash (RHA) in blended cement Reduction in demand for cement in construction industry through ;increased blending in cement production resulting in reduced calcination emissions from domestic clinker production."


id: f82984ad9edc40dbf2b8accd6e6d08ec
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8217
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020  NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE WASTE SOLID WASTE\uf020 Landfill gas (LFG) utilisation Generation of up tp 95 GWh of electrical power from landfill gas extraction, collection and utilization applied to sanitary landfills, resulting in reduced CH4 from landfill sites and avoided CO2 from displacement of fossil-based electricity use."


id: 48a23432a1d9d8a4ffa5b955c65d83c1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1966
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 AGRICULTURE\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Use of efficient barns for tobacco curing  Reduced demand for fuelwood required in tobacco curing from 2025-2040 by use of efficient barns, resulting in avoided CH4 and N2O emissions from fuelwood combustion."


id: dada461d49cf444102a43353d343d247
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7196
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 BUILDINGS\uf020\f  MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC MEASURE LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TOTAL ESTIMATED FUNDING ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE CO-BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Improved charcoal cookstoves - rural households (a) Deployment of efficient charcoal cookstoves to urban households; increasing from 20% to 30% efficiency thereby reducing demand for charcoal and CH4 and N2O emissions."


id: 52ea743a89ced47e236796862523487c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2314
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Clean Coal technology -  Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Deployment of carbon capture to sub-critical coal power stations in the north of Malawi with permanent geological storage within in-situ coal seams."


id: 35ff6be2b5437ccc17dc929e55e5896e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1311
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Clean Coal technology - high efficiency coal-fired power plant Installation of highly efficient super ultracritical coal plant, resultsing in reduced GHG emissions from coal use in electricity generation. MOE (Department of Energy Affairs) MERA, EGENCO, ESCOM, IPPs, Department of Mines, private sector (mining companies) US$ 7.5 billion  conditional Reduced reliance on coal production and use - when compared to the baseline reference case - thereby increasing resilience of grid power and supply and reducing fossil fuel dependence."


id: 4e9a47e2df4e3c242f9da06c4d1ab458
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2167
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Efficient charcoal production Production of charcoal to meet energy demand using less wood feedstock through use of efficient kilns, resulting in reduced CH4 and N2O emissions. MOE, Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (DOF) MOLG, District Forestry Offices million  unconditional Reduced dependence on availability of traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events."


id: 4986f6d41fd564e83f543ae2c29fab88
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1996
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 FORESTRY AND LAND USE Afforestation (protective forests, woodlots and urban forests) Production and planting of native Eucalyptus and Pinus trees in 45,000 Ha of areas, withpotential to be scaled-up to 600,000 Ha with international support, based on NFLRS targets. MOFNR (Department of Forestry)\uf020 FRIM, DFOs, NGOS, local communities, village associations, and traditional authorities. million including riparian restoration  uc: US$ 35m c: US$ 480m Adaptation related benefits include reduced soil erosion from loss of forest cover, run-off in steep areas and water purification."


id: a5b056ad9ec876b2632aff332c20f924
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5272
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Integration of indigenous knowledge into early warning systems for floods Department of Water Resources and Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DODMA) US$ 36 million unconditional Savings in energy used to alleviate floods Protection of assets that promote low carbon development and mitigation \uf061\uf020 \uf020 \uf020 INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Development and strengthening of water policies, integrated land use management policies, plans and approaches in priority watersheds and reservoirs Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (Department of Water Resources) Water Boards and Water Users Associations US$ 29 million uc: US$ 4m c: US$ 25m Money savings in energy costs may be used to alleviate floods and droughts Protection of assets that promote low carbon development and mitigation \uf061\uf020 \uf020 \uf020 MALAWI\u2019S UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MEASURES LINE MINISTY (FOCAL POINT) OTHER KEY ACTORS ESTIMATED FUNDING MITIGATION BENEFITS ALIGNMENT WITH SDGs TIMELINE Increase of afforestation and reforestation in catchment areas to cover areas not yet considered, and address deforestation and degradation Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources (Department of Forestry) Department of Water Resources, NGOs Cost covered under Mitigation Savings in energy used to alleviate floods Protection of assets that promote low carbon"


id: 8ef507090f63e669d074c9b69f353e44
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4486
content:
"\uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 \uf061\uf020 Sustainable forest and landscape management Production and planting of native trees in conservation areas, and protection of areas with tree-site matching species for a total of up to 132,000 ha, with potential to be scaled up to around 600,000 Ha with internaitonal support, based on NFLRS targets."


id: 4cc8ec6cfcb0e0ee856c985b64cae24d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2108
content:
"\uf0b7 Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 45 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2040; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 15.6 million tCO2e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding. The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 51 per cent reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU in 2040, expressed as a single year target."


id: 764c8cbd7cceee5f46f9ba48955cda29
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3616
content:
"\uf0b7 Promoting use of statistical data for evidence-based policy development and decision making within the NDC framework EAD serving as the Secretary of the joint Technical Committee on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (TCCC&DRM) The TCCC&DRM will host a core team of experts that forms the NDC MRV Technical Group with the following responsibilities: \uf0b7 Creating guidelines and common standards, formats and templates to be used for reporting MRV results as part of NC, BURs, and BTRs to UNFCCC, \uf0b7 Defining and using common data sources and methods & procedures to compile NDC MRV results \uf0b7 Technical level endorsement of NDC MRV and communicating the results for upstream NDC-based policy and strategic decision making (NSCCC) \uf0b7 Institutional strengthening, capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process that defines the political, strategic, and practical elements of the NDC MRV system 7.3 Data provision Table 7-2 summarises the key data providers according to activity and indicator area for the mitigation and adaptation components of the NDC, as well as finance and support as required under the"


id: aff9c4e1f77b9a21fe156726e8b40078
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5638
content:
"\uf0b7 Section 5 presents Malawi\u201fs contribution to mitigation, including a description of GHG emissions mitigation options across key sectors and their reduction potential and funding requirements against a business-as-usual baseline to 2040, according to unconditional and conditional measures. \uf0b7 Section 6 summarises Malawi\u201fs vulnerability to climate change and sets out a framework of proposed measures relating to adaptation and resilience."


id: 8585cf8239a19b64c41602c94db2b56c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4139
content:
"\uf0b7 Section 7 described a measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) framework for implementing and tracking the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in this NDC, consistent with best practice and Malawi\u201fs reporting requirements under UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. \uf0b7 Section 8 outlines the means of implementation for the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in the NDC."


id: be0300dec461f173deef988fc3c6ddfa
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6148
content:
"\uf0b7 Step 2: Assessing the potential: The identified options were then assessed in terms of their mitigation potential through 2040 compared to the BAU reference scenario, and their socio-economic costs and benefits by undertaking cost-benefit analysis (CBA). \uf0b7 Step 3: Evaluating the measures: The quantitative analysis was complimented by a broader assessment in order to determine and validate which measures can be implemented through domestic efforts (\u201eunconditional\u201f measures) and which will instead require international support and finance (\u201econditional\u201f measures), including through international market-based approaches e.g."


id: c7fc9011a62fb24f0c0fedc3da2d22d8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6512
content:
"\uf0b7 Step 2: Undertake GHG mitigation and economic assessment: Identify and collect information on mitigation options across sectors based on the INDC measures and discussions with in-country officials and experts, and quantify their emissions reduction potential through 2040 compared to the BAU scenario. Quantify economic costs and benefits (including estimated investment requirements) to enable cost- benefits analysis (CBA) and calculation of GHG abatement costs and investment."


id: a1f50aae88774588c426317ae2993271
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5132
content:
"\uf0b7 Step 3: Model GHG reduction pathways: Model alternative GHG pathways based on the assessed mitigation options against the BAU baseline through 2040 to quantify the emissions reduction potential across NDC sectors and associated costs and investment needs. These steps are described further below. 5.3.2 Business-as-usual (BAU) scenario This section summarises the choice and development of a BAU emissions baseline for Malawi."


id: 5aa5377c9ffaadda5068dcccf4cffb81
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2586
content:
"\ufffd \ufffd Support the revision of water related policies and strategies (inc. water-SWAP) \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Develop and enhance climate information and early warning systems \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Human Health Build capacity to diagnoze, prevent and control climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria, darrhoeal diseases and malnutrition \ufffd Enhance public awareness about water, sanitation and hygience practices; and enhance health surveillance \ufffd Support expanded programme for preventing and controlling climate- sensitive diseases \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Construct more health centres in order to improve access to health facilities within a walking distance of 8 km \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Support the establishment of centre of excellence for research and disease control targetting climate-sensitive diseases \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Energy Promote use of biomass briquettes as substitute for firewood and charcoal \ufffd Promote an energy mix that moves people away from use of biomass \ufffd Support an expanded programme of briquette production and use \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Construct storage dams for hydrpower generation \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Promote solar PV and use of energy efficient bulbs \ufffd Promote use of bio-fuels for lighting and cooking replacing fossil based fuel \ufffd Forestry Support research in drought tolerant and fast growing tree species \ufffd Expand afforestation and forest"


id: 203b23272c5021c6f4e9aaef44f5c517
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 565
content:
"\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Fisheries Capacity building in aquaculture and cage culture fish farming practices \ufffd Adopt eco-system services approach in the management of fisheries resources \ufffd Promote aquaculture and cage culture fish farming practices \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Protect of fish spawning/breeding sites \ufffd Maintain fingerings for stocking lakes and rivers after severe droughts episodes \ufffd Gender (and vulnerable groups) Promote gender mainstreaming in policies, programmes and projects \ufffd Support capacity building programmes for vulnerable groups \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Infrastructure Construct infrastructure for flood control, transport, etc \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Develop and implement climate related building codes/standards \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Revise existing building standards in line with climate change \ufffd Industry Promote reserch in industrial technologies \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd Provision of implementation means \f Most of the energy sector interventions that have been put forward as mitigation activities have adaptation co-benefits."


id: f5fff878082ff8ecaf422ec911d806d0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8137
content:
"(a) General description of the target;\f  Update  NDC MOZAMBIQUE Sectors: The scope of the contribution covers the sectors of the national economy relevant for GHG emissions in the actions listed in item 1b above. The sectors covered are those that cover the mitigation actions listed in item 1.b. Mozambique has not yet conducted mitigation co-benefit assessments for economic diversification plans."


id: 6872188fa1ab387e8b19f4e793714a19
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3092
content:
"(a) How the nationally determined contribution contributes to achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its (b)  The way in which the nationally determined contribution contributes in relation to Article 2, paragraph 1 (a) 13, and Article 4, paragraph 114 , of the Paris Agreement."


id: e3f65b365667960a4d9b7b62d26a3f59
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7531
content:
"(a) Information on the planning processes the Party has undertaken to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party s implementation plans, including, as appropriate:\f Update  NDC MOZAMBIQUE These documents were approved by the Council of Ministers at its 38th Session, held on 11 December 2018. However, some actions of the Mozambique NDC 2020 -2025 and the respective Mozambique NDC Operationalization Plan 2020 - 2025 lacked relevant information for the process of measuring/monitoring, reporting and verifying both the actions and the support."


id: efcd890941c7a448f6e057d87d952650
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7913
content:
"(a) Timeframe and/or period of implementation, including start and end dates, in accordance with any other relevant decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA); b) Whether it is a one-year target or a multi- year target, as appropriate."


id: 92d54f1a4ec72da98fb59f42206601c7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4621
content:
"(b) ) Sectors, gases, categories and sinks covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistency with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines; (c) How the Party has taken into account paragraph 31 (c) and (d)8 of decision 1 / CP.21; (indicating how the Party is striving to include all sources and sinks and why all categories were excluded) (d) Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Parties  adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans, including the description of specific projects, measures and initiatives of Parties  adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans. 4."


id: 305ab0053c4a01b514d611a21bbab13b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1126
content:
"(b) Assumptions and methodological approaches used to account for the implementation of policies and measures or strategies in the nationally determined contribution; (c) If applicable, information on how the Party will take into account existing methods and guidance under the Convention to account for anthropogenic emissions and removals, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 149, of the Paris Agreement, as appropriate; (d) IPCC methodologies and metrics used to estimate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals; G\u00c1S                                                                            SYMBOL GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (Gg CO2eq.)"


id: d0827bcab5c5e8bc4384f0438d47d2ce
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6848
content:
"(b) Specific information applicable to Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, which have reached an agreement to act jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement, including the Parties that have agreed to act jointly and the terms of the agreement, in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 16-18, of the Paris Agreement; (c) How the Party s preparation of its nationally determined contribution was informed by the results of the global stocktaking, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris Agreement; Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE (d) Each Party with a nationally determined contribution under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement consisting of adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co-benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris Agreement to submit information on: (i) How the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in developing the nationally determined contribution; (ii) Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to contribute to mitigation co-benefits, including information on adaptation plans that also generate mitigation co-benefits, which may cover, but"


id: c249fe92bb15ed70a8694dcf506a7211
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6304
content:
"(i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples in a gender sensitive manner;\f Update  NDC MOZAMBIQUE (ii) Contextual issues, including, inter alia, as appropriate: a) National circumstances, such as geography, climate, economy, sustainable development and poverty eradication; b) Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the nationally determined contribution; c) Other contextual aspirations and priorities recognised when joining the Paris Agreement It is important to mention that for the elaboration of Local Adaptation Plans, multi-sectoral teams have been created at provincial and district level that support local communities in the process of assessing their vulnerability and identifying and prioritising adaptation measures including the identification of potential local development partners."


id: 4073d92c78c633b53953d758703d7eb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1669
content:
"10 The bases used to calculate the per capita emissions figures for mitigation pathways to achieve temperature rises of up to 1.5oC and 2oC were derived from the UNFCCC secretariat technical paper FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/8 supported by global population growth projections published by the WorldoMeter platform. 11 \"4. developed country Parties should continue to take the lead by taking on absolute economy-wide emission reduction targets."


id: 794b01382a10e281b3306f0f5dfbdb0c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3702
content:
"13 \"This Agreement, by enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including (a) Maintaining the increase in the global average temperature well below 2oC above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5oC above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change;\" 14 \"1."


id: aeb95d45ae3a550ca725a8c58f487c92
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5602
content:
"2 Source:   3 Such values are 0.5 and 0.7 tCO2 eq for the same periods (1990 and present) when total per capita emissions without LULUCF are accounted for. The current data refers to PBURM data. 4 This information will be updated after the final approval of the PESOEs 2022 and onwards and will be presented in future national communications under the FNCC and updated in the biennial reports."


id: eb7f0d8e73311f83b264af24d0e28d14
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7776
content:
"20% in the main crops that constitute the basis for food security and an indispensable condition for improving the per capita income of Mozambican families; \u2022 Increased frequency and intensity of extreme events (droughts, floods and tropical cyclones); \u2022 Persistence of the extraordinary flood situation in identifiable places in the country that can be referred to as \"risk areas\"; \u2022 Cyclones and other strong winds; Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE MEASURES IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE \u2022 Prolonged droughts; Sea level rise: 15 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm as a consequence of thermal expansion and 15 cm, 110 cm and 415 cm as a consequence of the reduction of the continental ice caps in the years 2030, 2060 and 2100, respectively; \u2022 Identified areas with increased risk potential due to the emergence of other adverse natural phenomena such as the loss by submergence and erosion of coastal areas, saline water intrusion and desertification; \u2022 Reduction of areas available for agriculture in green or low-lying areas; \u2022 Many of the country s main coastal urban centres, including Maputo, Beira and Quelimane, are already in a critical situation in terms of vulnerability (human lives, property, social infrastructure, etc.)"


id: c92865efb8f85cb1c86d1ea66acb4b35
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6560
content:
"2018, Minist\u00e9rio da Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural de Mo\u00e7ambique (MITADER), CAOS Sustentabilidade, NDC Partnership, Cam\u00f5es IP.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE MITADER, 2019. Promotion of initiatives to replace high-carbon ad non-renewable fuels with low-carbon or renewable fuels in the transport sectors (natural gas transport NAMA). MITADER. 2013. Estrat\u00e9gia Nacional de Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o e Mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas. MITADER. 2018b. Mozambique\u00b4s forest reference emissions level for reducing emissions from deforestation in natural forests. Maputo, Mozambique. Final Report. 27p."


id: 86e9628156675fb7e38d943167733b93
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4201
content:
"4.6.1.2.4 Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE Strengthening the capacity to prevent and control the spread of vector-borne diseases by correctly mapping their distribution and spatial mobility 4.6.1.5.1.1 Conduct baseline study on diseases that are favoured by climate change 4.6.1.5.1.3 Establishment of a surveillance system and specific control measures on climate change diseases 4.6.1.5.1.4 Elaboration of the Health Sector Climate Change Adaptation Plan and finalization is expected by the end of November 2021."


id: b33da6cb7f247c679ba2d40243c7ff82
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5773
content:
"47 p. Come Zebra, E., van der Windt, H. J., Nhumaio, G., Faaij, A. P. C, 2021. A review of hybrid renewable energy systems in mini-grids for off-grid electrification in developing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 144 (2021) 111036.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE CTCN (Climate Technology Centre and Network), 2021. Inert anode technology for aluminium smelters. Accessed 24 June 2021.  Cuamba, B.C, Chenene, M.L, Mahumane, G., Qissico, D.Z., L\u00f8vseth, J., and o\u2019keefe, P. 2006. A solar energy resources assessment in Mozambique."


id: 3687a1544c9247c8381c0dd43faef116
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1332
content:
"5 \"Least developed countries and small island developing states can prepare and communicate strategies, plans and actions for low greenhouse gas emissions development, reflecting their special circumstances.\"6 INE - Population Census, 2017."


id: 62c4d957f9a2ee3a1da765d53e4b131d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2866
content:
"7 Carbon Counts Company (UK) Ltd. 8 \"(c)Parties shall endeavour to include all categories of anthropogenic emissions or removals in their nationally determined contributions and, once a source, sink or activity is included, continue to include it; (d) Parties shall provide an explanation of why any categories of anthropogenic emissions or removals are excluded;\" 9 \"14."


id: fa845fbfd16c9a96d890c5c72058952c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8320
content:
"A Master\u2019s Thesis submitted for the degree of \u201cMaster of Science\u201d Supervised by O. Univ. Prof. Dr. Dipl. Natw. Paul H. Brunner. Tarr\u00e9, R.; Macedo, R. F.; Cantarutti, R.; B. & Rezende, C. P. 2001. The effect of the presence of a forage legume on nitrogen and carbon levels in soils under Brachiaria pastures in the Atlantic forest region of the South of Bahia, Brazil. Plant and Soil, 234(1): 15-26. Tinga, B. I.; Nguluve, D. W. & Fafetine, O. L. 2019."


id: a52fe5a6052c1482df1c287264344dac
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5247
content:
"AGRICULTURE\u2019S COMPETITIVENESS: What are the potential impacts of Mozambique\u2019s Natural Resource Boom on Agriculture\u2019s Competitiveness? USAID/Mozambique. 61 p. Valentini, R., A. Arneth, A. Bombelli, S. Castaldi, R. Cazzolla Gatti, F. Chevallier, P. Ciais, et al. 2014. \u201cA Full Greenhouse Gases Budget of Africa: Synthesis, Uncertainties, and Vulnerabilities.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE \u201dBiogeosciences 11: 381\u2013407.   Van den Akker, J.H.A, 2017. Overview of costs of sustainable energy technologies. Energy production: on-grid, mini-grid and off-grid power generation and supply and heat applications. ASCENDIS. March 2017."


id: 91efa27f8b33c430eabb53ba7f9944bb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4583
content:
"According to the results of the last population census conducted by the National Institute of Statistics in 2017 indicate that the Mozambican population was 27.9 million, and the percentage of women and men remained the same. INE population projections indicate that by 2025 Mozambique will have about 34.1 million inhabitants, thus projecting a net population expansion of over 6 million inhabitants."


id: f4cbd103142567f1b71834e5b351619
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8090
content:
"Additionally, this update of NDC 1, also represents a significant progression in terms of expanding the coun- try s ambition towards climate action in aspects of its ad- aptation commitments, comprising that dozens of actions will be implemented, among others, through the emerg- ing Public Investment Management (PIM) Climate Smart PIM assessment system coordinated by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, supported by the World Bank and NDC Partnership."


id: 9b4e0127f6a3837c79756c43077b9371
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4908
content:
"Along the coast there are numerous islands, such as the archipelago of Quirimbas in the province of Cabo Delgado, the Island of Mozambique and the islands Goa and Sena in the province of Nampula, the archipelago of Bazaruto in Inhambane, the islands of Inhaca, Portugueses and Xefina in the province of Maputo. Data from the Anu\u00e1rio Estat\u00edstico 2015, estimates that Mozambique had about 25.7 million inhabitants, with about 52% being women and 48% men."


id: a7c72dd975e28329a640ae8d312ec252
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5352
content:
"Although they are not included, Mozambique clarifies that it reserves the right to reconsider their inclusion. The implementation of any proposed reduction is conditional on the provision of financial, technological and capacity building support from the international community. Finally, in chapter 3 below, information is presented to facilitate clarity, trans- parency and understanding (ICTU) of the mitigation con- tribution of this NDC 1 Update, following the requirements and guidelines set out in Decision 1/CP.21."


id: cd8b9aee3fa04d07b1fccc44317ead9d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6728
content:
"Among the hydroelectric plants, HCB stands out the most with an installed generating capacity of 2075 MW, equivalent to 79.4% of the capacity of the other plants and 71.4% of national generation. Recent studies conducted in the country, indicate a huge potential for renewable energy production (Renewable Energy Atlas, 2014), with an estimated capacity of about 23,000 GW of solar resources, followed by hydroelectric sources with 19 GW, wind potential with 5 GW and biomass resources with 2 GW."


id: fa77806df8d6cd23ffcc0c4413c173d8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8316
content:
"An assessment of mechanical vs manual harvesting of the sugarcane in Sudan \u2013 The case of Sennar Sugar Factory. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. Ajibola, C. A. A., John, J. A., Shaba, M. U., Owoniyi, A. C., & Jeremiah, T., 2017. Financial and Economic Appraisal of Irrigated Rice Enterprise: Capital Budgeting Approach. RJOAS, 12: 239-245.  Akindahunsi, A., 2010. Exploiting the Potentials of Rice Husk Ash as Supplement in Cement for Construction in Nigeria."


id: 8988f3384d523ee70406f6cbed8ab642
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4306
content:
"Analysis of Milk Marketing in Smallholder Dairy Farming in Southern of Mozambique. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A 9(6). DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2019.06.007. Tost\u00e3o, E, Henley, G, Tembe, J and Baloi, A, 2016. A review of social issues for biofuels investment in Mozambique. WIDER Working Paper 2016/178. UNU-WIDER, Helsinki. U.S. International Trade Administration, 2021. Mozambique - Country Commercial Guide, Oil & Gas. Webpage:   UNEP, 2011. Economic Analysis of Mangrove Forests: A case study in Gazi Bay, Kenya, UNEP, iii+42 pp. UNFCCC, 2015."


id: a42c1166c8cc358e77f9bb06bb2f0be5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5207
content:
"Another relevant source of information is the is the ongoing process for making the National Climate Change Network operational which includes the assessment of the existing institutional and technical capacities and their needs for the implementation of the NCCAMS to formulate and implement the Capacity Building Plan, as included in the NCCAMS. The presently identified actions are related to  energy (electricity production, transports and other \u2013 residential, commercial and institutional), land use, land use change and forestry (REDD+) and waste (solid waste disposal and treatment)."


id: cf15bea416696067ef41d9f848d03ad6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6788
content:
"An\u00e1lise Econ\u00f3mica da Bananicultura, Cultivares do subgrupo Cavendish, na Regi\u00e3o do M\u00e9dio Paranapanema, Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo. Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Econ\u00f3micas, SP, 37(2): 22-29. Furlaneto, F.P.B., MARTINS, A. N., CAMOLESI, M. R. e ESPERANCINI, M. S. T. 2007. An\u00e1lise econ\u00f3mica de sistemas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de banana (Musa sp.), cv. Grande Naine, na regi\u00e3o do M\u00e9dio Paranapanema, Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo. Cient\u00edfica, Jaboticabal. 35 (2): 188 \u2013 195. GdM. 2016. Relat\u00f3rio da avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das necessidades tecnol\u00f3gicas \u2013 prioriza\u00e7\u00e3o das tecnologias; zonas costeiras. MITADER. Maputo. 83p."


id: 63990ffb4c70e49985d3d70185e84574
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2913
content:
"Application and dissemination of production techniques and improved use of firewood and charcoal sustainability. Installation of solid waste recycling industries under PRONAL Creation of Industrial Research and Development Centers Encouraging investors to evaluate GHG emissions in investment projects Promotion of projects and programs of microgeneration of energy in the industrial sector Maputo, Beira e Nampula Whole country Whole country Whole country Not identified Not identified Not identified Not identified\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE BIBLIOGRAPHY Ahmed, A.E. & Alam-Eldin, A.O.M. 2014."


id: 95f3b1b899bf6d46e191f2875c736b65
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4707
content:
"Applying the ICAT Sustainable Development Methodology to Assess the Impacts of Promoting a Greater Sustainability of the Charcoal Value Chain in Mozambique. Lupala, Z. J. 2009. The impact of participatory forest management on Miombo woodland tree species diversity and local livelihoods. A case study of Bereku Miombo woodland, Babati District, Tanzania. 60 p. Maciel, S.; AmiMo, J.; Okeyo, A.M.; Scholtz, M. M. & Neser, F. W. C., 2013. Feedlot performance of the Nguni ecotypes in southern Mozambique. Livestock Research for Rural Development."


id: 666a154e3fb600789d927c988a7a807
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3023
content:
"As seen in Figure 2, from 1980 to 1997 five tropical cyclones hit the Mozambican coast with a wind speed of 92 to 142 km/h and from 2000 to 2012 the country has had 11 tropical cyclones and six had wind speed above 167 km/h;  Figure 2. Number of climatic events in the period form 1984 to 2012 (INGC, 2015) deaths and caused damage in 1 176 000 houses, of which 638 700 have been destroyed."


id: 5297a2733877918a971c0fc159815892
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2297
content:
"As the evaluation made shows that the goal has not been accomplished in 2014, and thereby requires delaying the term of the first phase to 2019. The subsequent medium and\f  long-term goals have also been adjusted to 2025 and 2030, respectively. In the medium (2020 to 2025) and long (2026 to 2030) terms Mozambique intends to update its NAP in which the goals will be similar to those in the shorter term, but referring to the provincial and national level, respectively."


id: b0371b590d6957b71dac42e9f1e4a162
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5649
content:
"Assessment studies have shown that Mozambique is already suffering the negative impacts, of climate change and the climate projections recommend adoption and implementation of measures to mitigate the future climate change impacts. Some of the observed impacts include: 1."


id: fa015c6dbe912ab598d6e672662135db
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8296
content:
"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental e Social Estrat\u00e9gica do Sector Mineiro e do G\u00e1s em Mo\u00e7ambique. Relat\u00f3rio Final - Sector de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o. Minist\u00e9rio dos Recursos Minerais e Energia. Maputo, 18 de Setembro de 2017, Mo\u00e7ambique. MIREME. 2018. Plano Director Integrado de Desenvolvimento de Sistemas d e Energia em Mo\u00e7ambique, 2018 - 2042. Minist\u00e9rio dos Recursos Minerais e Energia. Maputo, Novembro, 2018, Mo\u00e7ambique. MITADER (Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development), 2016. National REDD+ Strategy (2016-2030). MITADER, 2018a. Plano de Operacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da NDC de Mo\u00e7ambique - - 2020-2025."


id: 9e14b34fcef9d06bf556c395e6e33cbe
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4994
content:
"Based on assumptions of economic and population growth and, it is expected that the country can cumulatively mitigate about 40 MtCO eq 2in the period 2020 - 2025. The contributions associated with the theme of mitigation count on the implementation of actions, measures, projects, policies and programmes, which include the sectors of Agro-livestock and Sustainable Land Use, Waste Management, Energy Security and Sustainability of Industries."


id: b66410722da2de9ea7671cbcc281183
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5887
content:
"Based on the results of those studies\u2019 and from the experience arising from actions implemented to prepare and protect people, ecosystems and infrastructures from the negative impacts occurring due to extreme weather events, the Inter- Institutional Group on Climate Change (GIIMC) conducted the participatory process to formulate the NCCAMS, which was approved by the Government in November 2012."


id: 4c8a2377abdfe419c5267ff923ef2b6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2094
content:
"Battery Electric manufacturing/deloitte-uk-battery-electric-vehicles.pdf Deloitte. 2016. \u201cMozambique\u2019 s Economic Outlook: Governace Challenges Holding Back Economic Potential.\u201d Eden Reforestation Projects, 2021. Mangrove forest carbon sequestration.  Eden Reforestation Projects. 2021. Mangrove forest carbon sequestration.  EDM (Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique), 2012. Annual statistical report 2012. Relat\u00f3rio Anual de Estat\u00edstica, Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique, Maputo, Mozambique. EdM (Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique), 2018. Integrated Master Plan Mozambique Power System Development 2015-2042. Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique, Maputo, Mozambique. EdM (Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique), 2018. National power utility strategy for 2018\u20132028. Lighting Mozambique\u2019s Transformation."


id: 7194f5e15350082d13a716299aecee0b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3429
content:
"Both historical trends and future projections were de- rived from daily temperatures (maximum and minimum) and recorded rainfall values since 1960 from 32 synoptic weather stations within Mozambique (INGC, 2009). Seven general circulation models: ECHAM, GFDL, IPSL, CCCMA, CNRM, CSIRO and GISS were used to project fu- ture climate (temperature and rainfall) scenarios for the country, focusing on the mid-century (2046-2065) and late-century (2080-2100) periods."


id: 4d60ae6172af40dfce9720b23816f5df
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2125
content:
"By Carbon Counts (P.D. Zakkour, G. Cook and J. French-Brooks) for the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, Report 2018-TR01a. Cheltenham, UK. IEA, 2020. Energy Technology Perspectives 2020. IEA/OECD, Paris. IEA, 2021. Net Zero by 2050. IEA, Paris. IMF (International Monetary Fund), 2020. Republic of Mozambique, Country Report No. 20/141. April 2020.Washington, D.C. IMPACTO, 2014. Projecto Florestal da Zamb\u00e9zia. Relat\u00f3rio do Estudo De Impacto Ambiental. Relat\u00f3rio Principal. Vers\u00e3o Final. Maputo. 536 p. INE (Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica), 2011. Estat\u00edsticas dos Transportes e Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 2009-2011. Maputo, Mo\u00e7ambique."


id: 2fdd3b5fb0ce40669ff2ae4bfa1ca8e3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1109
content:
"CDM Project Idea Note: Jatropha Cultivation and Biodiesel Production Project. Submitted by FineAlt Engineering PVT Ltd 24 February 2016. FNDS (National Sustainable Development Fund), 2017. Programme for Sustainable Waste Management in Mozambique. Annex 7b \u2013 Methodological Notes regarding the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential. Prepared for NAMA Facility. Version shared with Caos June, 2021. FNDS, 2018. Desmatamento em Mo\u00e7ambique 2003-2016. Final Report 23p. Fransen, T., E. Northrop, K. Mogelgaard, and K. Levin. 2017. Enhancing NDCs by 2020: Achieving the Goals of the Paris Agreement. Working Paper."


id: 718458d3063b69923f0332c6f2f43bff
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3428
content:
"CLIMATE SCENARIOS\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE The methodology of the INGC study was based on cli- matological modelling (temperature and rainfall) with the main purpose of understanding how Mozambique s cli- mate may already be changing and how it may be expect- ed to change in the future. This study details the observed changes in the country s seasonal climate over the period 1960 to 2005, in terms of temperatures and rainfall pat- terns (INGC, 2009)."


id: 927170baaec11f5590dc4a1df3f7fd3c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4608
content:
"Cahora Bassa, SA ICAT Transparency Initiative for Climate Action IGEE Greenhouse Gas Inventory IIAM Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique INAHINA National Institute of Hydrography and Navigation INAM National Institute of Meteorology INATTER National Institute of Land Transport iNDC intended Nationally Determined Contribution INE National Institute of Statistics Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE INGD National Institute of Disaster Management INP National Petroleum Institute IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use kTOE Thousand tons of oil equivalent (equivalent to thousands of tons of oil) LA Level Assessment LDC Least Developed Countries LEAP Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System M&A National Monitoring and Evaluation System MADER Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MGC Matola Gas Company MICOA Ministry for Coordination of Environmental Action MIREME Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy MISAU Ministry of Health MIT Mitigation Scenario MOPHRH Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources MRV Measurement, Reporting and Verification MTA Ministry of Land and Environment MTC Ministry of Transport and Communication MtCO2 Millions of tons of carbon dioxide MW Mega Watts N2O Nitrous oxide NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution ODS Sustainable Development Goal PBUR Mozambique s First Biennial"


id: 2e85a3cee747885c1d919142e3821207
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1058
content:
"Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o dos sistemas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o das carnes vermelhas no sector familiar nos corredores de Maputo e Limpopo em Mo\u00e7ambique: Resultados do Estudo de Base. ILRI Nota Informativa de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE Hoque, N., Roy, A., Beg, M. R. A., & Das, B. K. (2016). Techno-Economic Evaluation of Solar Irrigation Plants Installed in Bangladesh. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(1). IBRD & World Bank. 2016. Republic of Mozambique Improving Business Climate for Planted Forests. Final Report."


id: 512346efede6c5bef7cc6f2082dc8715
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2255
content:
"Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide HFC Sulphur hexafluoride Octafluoropropane Source: IPCC AR5: Chapter 8: Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing: Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE (e) Sector, category or activity specific assumptions, methodologies and approaches consistent with IPCC guidance, as appropriate, including as applicable: (i) Approach to address emissions and subsequent removals from natural disturbances on managed lands; (ii) Approach used to account for emissions and removals of harvested wood products; (iii) Approach used to address the effects of age class structure in forests; (f) Other assumptions and methodological approaches used to understand the nationally determined contribution and, if applicable, estimate the corresponding emissions and removals, including: (i) How the reference indicators, baseline(s) and/or reference level(s), including, where applicable, sector, category or activity- specific reference levels, are constructed, including, for example, key parameters, assumptions, definitions, methodologies, data sources and models used; The process of developing emissions scenarios was done using a combination of tools, including GACMO (Greenhouse gas Abatement Cost MOdel) (Heaps, 2016), the IPCC (2006) software for estimation of greenhouse gas emissions, and e-sheets developed in the African region for assessment of"


id: caa3a63e1d640aa8638409f7a7e9012f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6620
content:
"Considering the cross-cutting nature of climate change and the need for the involvement of state and non-state actors in both the formulation of national climate change response instruments and their implementation, including biennial reporting and review commitments, monitoring to support the production of national communication and regular updating of the NDC, the Inter-Institutional Group on Climate Change was established, composed of representatives from the public and private sectors and civil society relevant to the implementation of adaptation and climate risk reduction and mitigation and low carbon development actions including cross-cutting actions (capacity building, technology development and transfer, financing, awareness raising education, etc.)."


id: 90f42b6604b8afaf1df4ec6142d7ba3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4551
content:
"Consultancy services to conduct a pre-feasibility study for the transport of natural gas from Palma, with the involvement of Companhia Mo\u00e7ambicana de Gasoduto, SA. Draft Final Report. Maputo, Mozambique. MIREME 2017b Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental e Social Estrat\u00e9gica do Sector Mineiro e do G\u00e1s em Mo\u00e7ambique. Relat\u00f3rio Final - Sector do G\u00e1s. Minist\u00e9rio dos Recursos Minerais e Energia. Maputo, 18 de Setembro de 2017, Mo\u00e7ambique. MIREME, 2021. Average national diesel and gasoline prices, provided by MIREME staff to Gilberto Mahumane 11 June 2021. MIREME. 2017a."


id: b26fb32543383f01a114012d9b109a44
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5741
content:
"Cost Benefit Analysis of Post-Harvest Management Innovations in Mozambique Report (March 2017). FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation), 2017a. Organic banana production in Peru. World Banana Forum. Good Practices Collection. FAO, 2017b. Promovendo a agricultura de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o em Mo\u00e7ambique. FAO, 2020. Global Perspectives Studies. Online forecast data accessed 15 October 2020. See www.fao.org/global-perspectives-studies/food- FAO. 2017. Organic banana production in Peru. World Banana Forum. Good Practices Collection. Dispon\u00edvel em: www.fao.org/world-banana-forum. FAO. 2017. Promovendo a agricultura de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o em Mo\u00e7ambique.   FineAlt Engineering PVT Ltd, 2016."


id: 8e69aead96f26ceb3750c33f46a1e895
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4466
content:
"Currently, the national electricity generating capacity is estimated at 2905 MW. Of these, 1045 MW are for domestic consumption and 1,860 MW are for export to neighbouring countries, indicating that the country produces more than it needs for its consumption. The vast majority of the energy generated in the country is from hydroelectric sources (90%) and the remaining 10% is from natural gas."


id: 4b68653308eae33f879cd842dafcb29f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2049
content:
"Custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar nos diferentes sistemas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o nas regi\u00f5es do estado de S\u00e3o Paulo. Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Econ\u00f3micas, SP, 41(1). Oxfam, 2020. Tens of thousands of people are still suffering one year on from Cyclone Idai. Press release 16 December 2020. Proposta do Plano Econ\u00f3mico e Social e Or\u00e7amento do Estado para 2022 Proposta do Programa Quinquenal do Governo 2014-2019. RdM. Lei no. 7/96 de 5 de Julho do Sistema Estat\u00edstico Nacional. , Pub. L. N\u00ba."


id: ebc122c28c966e7d103120e6983828c3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7790
content:
"DEADLINES AND / OR PERIODS OF APPLICATION: 3. SCOPE AND COVERAGE: The reference period for operationalization is from 2020 to 2025, so the mitigation results should be achieved by the year 2025. Cumulative targets considering annual reductions but accounted for a single year in 2025. As indicated in 2a) above, they imply comparisons between the emissions of the proposed mitigation actions and the emissions of the BAU scenarios of the specific actions."


id: 8a20c1cfd9a0aee98416e0425f874077
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4329
content:
"Damage also occurred in water storage and flood protection infrastructures, mainly in dyques of Licungo in Nante and Limpopo in Ch\u00f3kwe, Guij\u00e1 and Xai-Xai, and in railways and ports. The cost of these events was estimated as 1 356,9 million USD; 5. The damage in roads from 2011 to 2015 include 130 aqueducts, 119 bridges and 41 drifts destroyed or affected, 15 512 km of impassable roads, and the amount of destruction was estimated at 6."


id: 9698ee8fa58cd086837fae7f64e548d1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4737
content:
"Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. Silva, J.M.N, Pereira J.M.C., Cabral, A.I, S\u00e1, A.C.I, Vasconcelos, M.J.P., Mota, B., Gr\u00e9goire, J-M. 2003. An estimate of the area burned in Southern Africa during the 2000 dry season using SPOT-VEGETATION satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE Solomon, S., G. Bureau-Cauchois, N. Ahmed, J. Aarnes and P. Holtedahl, 2014. CO2 Storage Capacity Assessment of Deep Saline Aquifers in the Mozambique Basin. Energy Procedia 63, 5266-5283."


id: 8b72cfed33590e9c831360cbd12fd32a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4365
content:
"Despite the above identified actions, the country still has potential actions in other sectors such as industry, agriculture including in the other energy sub-sectors. The main gases covered in this contribution are: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) In the future, other GHG may be included."


id: 99ca78c3757537ce9648a3ecfb538c7d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4857
content:
"Developing country Parties should continue to step up their mitigation efforts and are encouraged to move over time towards economy-wide emission reduction or limitation targets in light of different national circumstances.\"12 \"6. Least developed countries and small island developing States may prepare and communicate strategies, plans and actions for low greenhouse gas emissions development, reflecting their special circumstances.\""


id: e2c88ad23ed471108a22704670f2543f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7489
content:
"EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration), 2016. International Energy Outlook: Transportation sector energy consumption (Chapter 8). DOE/EIA-0484(2016). Eneji, I.S., Obinna, O. and Azua, E.T., 2014. Sequestration and Carbon Storage Potential of Tropical Forest Reserve and Tree Species Located Within Benue State of Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2: 157-166. Eneji, I.S.; Obinna, O.; Azua, E.T. 2014. Sequestration and Carbon Storage Potential of Tropical Forest Reserve and Tree Species Located Within Benue State of Nigeria."


id: e777d2b4151acb66bd526ced8ba99b9a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7633
content:
"Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique, Maputo, Mozambique. EDM, 2016. Annual statistical report 2016. Relat\u00f3rio Anual de Estat\u00edstica, Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique, Maputo, Mozambique. EDM, 2018a. Integrated Master Plan Mozambique Power System Development 2015-2042. Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique, Maputo, Mozambique. EDM, 2018b. National power utility strategy for 2018\u20132028. Lighting Mozambique\u2019s Transformation. Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique, Maputo, Mozambique. EDM. 2015. Relat\u00f3rio Anual Estat\u00edstico. Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique, EP Maputo Mo\u00e7ambique. EDM. 2018. Estrat\u00e9gia da EDM 2018-2028. Electricidade de Mo\u00e7ambique, EP Maputo Mo\u00e7ambique."


id: ce49af4d548c5272833e5521ba790aa8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6755
content:
"Emissions and removals from the Forestry/afforestation component (see item 1b), 5a), 5 b) and 5e and in the specific section on the topic in chapter 1) above) have not been included as part of the mitigation target in this updated NDC 1. The emission reductions included in the updated NDC 1 are estimates with a significant level of uncertainty and will be updated with the BUR results to be available in 2022. Refer to items 1b), 5a), 5b), 5d) and 5e) above."


id: c9e116ca49e292efdc2df875674ab446
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6583
content:
"Enhancing preparedness on impending climate disasters (Strengthening provincial and district bodies capacity on disaster preparedness including response capacities) - 4.6.1.1.2.1 Strengthening the role of the INGC in coordinating response and recovery operations to climate disasters (Expansion of the coverage of Early Warning Systems of climatic phenomena to communities at higher risk; Ensuring an effective top-down and bottom-up communication system, Adopting a unified sustainable disaster recovery plan and operationalising tools for assessing the level of resilience at local level) - 4.6.1.1.2.2 Strengthening the coordinating role of the INGC and its partners in reducing vulnerability to drought in arid and semi-arid areas (ensuring a reliable flow of information on the eminence of drought and the dissemination of timely response measures to communities) - 4.6.1.1.2.3 Strengthening the role of the Multiple Use Resource Centres (CERUM) in supporting local communities 4.6.1.1.2.4 Increase and strengthen the capacity of CLGRCs and their equipment with preparedness kits (Promoting the establishment and capacity building of local disaster risk management committees and strengthening local communication capacity in the dissemination of warnings and alerts 4.6.1.1.2.5 Improved early warning dissemination system"


id: e3abd60110abe98901e4a7dac9b32b54
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7519
content:
"Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - new Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at"


id: 4a32f332d5cb0ef3f288c7c808dba445
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2020
content:
"Figure 01 (introduction chapter above) shows the amounts required for search and rescue, responding to the needs of the affected and post-disaster reconstruction, the amounts mobilised and the shortfall in the sectors of education, health, water supply, sanita- tion, various infrastructures and, mainly, for assistance to the affected. The vulnerability analysis done in the Second National Communication considered the climate projections de- veloped by INGC \"Studies on Climate Change Impacts on Disaster Risk in Mozambique Synthesis Report - Second Version\" in 2009."


id: 1b79212672e145871fcca38ea722a6f8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 409
content:
"Figure 03 presented in this updated NDC 1, graphically presents such values presented above to facilitate visual comparison between per capita emissions and emissions reductions and comparison of what would be the approximate per capita emissions scenarios for mitigation pathways to achieve temperature rise of up to 1,5oC e 2oC10."


id: f9f540fd4bced078ce050abc8ab3177d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8292
content:
"Final Energy report Mozambique. Commissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency. Moraes, R. A.; Beauclair, E. G. F.; Gomes, F. H.; Moreira, M. M. R. and Maia, R., 2018. Identification and estimation of the sugarcane production potential of Mozambique. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 13(37): 1924-1931. Moreira M, Gurgel AC, Seabra J.E.A., 2014. Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of sugarcane renewable jet fuel. Environmental Science and Technology; 48:14756\u201363."


id: 17160b98921f73dda7d57918d049a495
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 264
content:
"Finally, Mozambique proposes to carry out a se- ries of mitigation actions that in aggregate expect to achieve a reduction of GHG emissions by about 40 mil- lion tCO2eq between 2020 and 2025 (see graph below). These reductions are estimates with a significant level of uncertainty and will be updated with the results of the BUR to be available in 2022."


id: ab2d1393de149247bab182c7416f4d9f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5475
content:
"Finally, Mozambique proposes to carry out a series of mitigation actions that in aggregate expect to achieve a reduction of GHG emissions by about 40 million tCO2 eq between 2020 and 2025. These reductions are estimates with a significant level of uncertainty and will be updated with the results of the BUR to be available in 2022."


id: 45712497cd78d6fb7eb95b4c427497d6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1850
content:
"For instance, the tropical cyclones IDA and Kenneth, which occurred in the 2018/2019 rainy season, these resulted in losses in livestock due to the death of 5,428 cattle, 10,305 small ruminants, 3,191 pigs and 124,498 poultry; in fisheries, 2,189 vessels were destroyed and 77 engines damaged, 2,387 fishing gear units lost and 5,210 tonnes of fish lost; in fish farming, 562 ponds and 228 cages totally destroyed and 396 tonnes of fish lost."


id: c396c68246124195ee33af54e18ecbdc
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6349
content:
"Furthermore, it should be noted that Mozambique is a country that is already facing the adverse impacts of global climate change and in view of the great national socio-economic vulnerabilities, the losses and damages as- sociated with extreme climate events are generating addi- tional difficulties and challenges to the development of the country and the fight against extreme poverty."


id: b09be00461ccb25c41ed89763bb13b45
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5663
content:
"GHG reductions The implementation of the actions referred will limit the GHG emissions by sources and the removals by sinks at the same time as they contribute to the increase of the well being of the Mozambicans through the increase of the access to renewable energy sources and to basic sanitation services to promote the efficient use of the natural assets, reducing the\f  environmental degradation."


id: 49e2a5000d8901f33c3eaf94243b5b77
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2010
content:
"GRAPHIC DESIGN AND PAGINATION Ana Paula Bou\u00e7as PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS In\u00eas de Sousa Mour\u00e3o SUBMITTED by the Government of Mozambique on November the 1st 2021 DATASHEET Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE Introduction to Mozambique s NDC 1 Update 15 Contribution to Adaptation Vulnerability of Mozambique 26 Climate Scenarios 33 Adaptation and Resilience Measures in Response to Climate Change 37 Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency and Understanding (ICTU) 48 Summary of Measures Presented: Mitigation and Low Carbon Development 74 FIGURES Figure 1: Annual and Accumulated Cost Deficits Since 2016 for Reconstructions 16 Figure 2: Bau, Annual and Accumulated GHG Emission Reduction Estimates 2020-2025 22 Figure 3: Comparison of Emissions per capita 23 Figure 4: Total Number of Extreme Events TABLES Table 1: Impact on the Human Dimension of Rainy Season Events 2016/17 to 2018/19 30 Table 2: Summary of Adaptation and Climate risk Reduction Measures and Transverse Actions 38 Table 3: Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency and Understanding (ICTU) 48 Table 4: Summary of Measures Presented: Mitigation and Low Carbon Development 74 INDEX Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AFOLU Agriculture, Forest and Other"


id: 8fbc0863e923818c5afc1e29cb115993
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4511
content:
"Gaps and barriers  Financial \uf0b7 Insufficient financing available to climate proof in country, associated with the complexity of the criteria and procedures for accessing the international climate financial resources; \uf0b7 Low public investment and private participation in the adaptation actions; \uf0b7 Lack of funding to maintain and upgrade data collection stations (meteorological, hydrological, hydrographical, air quality, among others); and \uf0b7 Slow payback of the investment in climate change adaptation actions."


id: ab70a957782a4cace8e9cb62e52b569a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5484
content:
"GdM. 2017. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das necessidades tecnol\u00f3gicas de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o dos gases de efeito de estufa nos sectores de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de electricidade e de gest\u00e3o de res\u00edduos s\u00f3lidos urbanos em mo\u00e7ambique. MITADER. Maputo. 74p. GdM. 2018. Report on Technology Need Assessment for Agriculture Sector Adaptation to Climate Change in Mozambique. MITADER. Maputo. 58p. GermanWatch, 2021. Global Climate Risk Index 2021. Briefing paper. Bonn, Germany.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE GFEI (Global Fuel Economy Initiative), 2019. Prospects for Fuel Efficiency, Electrification and Fleet Decarbonisation. Working Paper 20."


id: 804d5af84ca2fa85642cfcd26b59e373
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3928
content:
"Global Fuel Economy Initiative. May 2019. GoM (Government of Mozambique), 2010. New and Renewable Energy Development Strategy 2011-2025. Ministry of Energy, Mozambique. GoM (Government of Mozambique), 2012. Mozambique\u2019s National Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy (ENAMMC) 2013-2025. Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs, Mozambique. GoM (Government of Mozambique), 2013. Irrigation Strategy. Ministry of Agriculture, Maputo, Mozamique. GoM (Government of Mozambique), 2018. Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Plan of Mozambique to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)."


id: 7ac02e8ee023ea1746ef63da3ce0b71f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3742
content:
"Globally these values are 6 tCO2eq and 7 tCO2 eq when accounting for total GHG emissions per capita with LULUCF. Figure 03 below, graph- ically presents such values presented above to facilitate visual comparison between emissions and emissions re- ductions per capita and comparison of what would be the approximate per capita emissions scenarios for mitigation routes to achieve temperature rise of up to 1.5oC and 2oC."


id: 83bdeec02309e7abf11a5fbd379778cc
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4068
content:
"GoM, 2020. Estrat\u00e9gia de gest\u00e3o do mangal 2020-2024. Maputo, Mozambique. GoM, 2021. Mozambique\u2019s Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC (forthcoming) Gopi, H., Srinivas, J., Manikyam, J. N., Nag, R. H., Maheshwar, D., Anjaneyulu, B. Kumar, C. S., 2018. Performance evaluation of mechanical and manual harvesting of sugarcane. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7(2): 3779-3788. Gopi, H., Srinivas, J., Manikyam, J. N., Nag, R. H., Maheshwar, D., Anjaneyulu, B. e kumar, C. S. 2018. Performance evaluation of mechanical and manual harvesting of sugarcane."


id: 6d3038f3c2933b2241bd6c2b8c4614d8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3273
content:
"HEALTH BIODIVERSITY FORESTS Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on major surface Promotion of low water consumption systems and waste reduction 4.6.1.2.1.8 Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on the main surface watercourses and small dams which are easy to maintain for irrigation and animal watering (rehabilitation, construction and maintenance of dams and water reservoirs) 4.6.1.2.6 Promotion of low water consumption systems and reduction of existing waste in the urban water distribution network (Adoption of lower water consumption irrigation technologies) 4.6.1.2.1.8 Reducing people s vulnerability to climate change disease Rehabilitation of deforested areas for pasture creation, agriculture practice, forest resources exploitation 4.6.2.3.3.1 Applying management practices that increase the adaptive capacity of ecosystems - 4.6.1.6.1.5; (linked to the national biodiversity strategy, target 10: By 2035, place at least 20% of ecosystems critically affected by climate change under adaptive ecosystem management) Identification and replication of lessons and good practices on mitigation and adaptation (Target 10.3 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Establishment of cross-border conservation areas to maintain ecosystem functions and allow wildlife migrations - 4.6.1.6.1.3 Reclassification and re-dimensioning of conservation areas, identifying areas at risk of"


id: 3a71db90c0339ac012912ff065d138bd
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1471
content:
"HOW THE NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTES TO ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION AS SET OUT IN ITS ARTICLE 2 Mozambique as a least developed country has no obligation under the Paris Agreement to undertake NDC actions that are not conditional, particularly considering that due to the nature of its development and land management, it has not historically contributed to relevant GHG emissions."


id: f86a9dce8ec22b79748b92318362aa13
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8232
content:
"HOW THE PARTY CONSIDERS ITS NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION TO BE FAIR AND AMBITIOUS IN LIGHT OF ITS NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES: Considering Mozambique s historical emissions, which are insignificant in the global calculation, the effort that the country needs to make to build adaptive capacity and the national challenges of poverty reduction including the most vulnerable, we consider our contribution fair and appropriate in order to pursue the ultimate objective of the Convention."


id: b754c95879643c58f4fd437544875828
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5919
content:
"How it is equitable and adequate Considering Mozambique\u2019s historical GHG emissions, which are insignificant in the global total, the effort that the country is willing to\f  make to create adaptative capacity and face the national challenges of reducing poverty, including those of the most vulnerable, this contribution is fair and adequate considering the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC. It is recognized that achieving a resilient and low carbon development can be a catalyser to reduce poverty and diminish the inequalities towards the most vulnerable."


id: 140f3f5b4fdcd5307303f1b27d7e7346
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 139
content:
"However, despite this increase, the majority of the population (77%) continues to depend on forest biomass, such as firewood and charcoal, to meet its energy needs because it lives in rural areas and the electrification of the country, which is estimated at around 34%, is still below expectations. However, the government has been making efforts to reverse the current scenario through rural electrification, which is estimated to average 120 000 new connections per year over the last 15 years (MTA, 2021)."


id: 401040fa42724548f12713e4cde340ad
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1656
content:
"However, the country is extremely vulnerable to climate change occurring through alterations in the precipitation and temperature patterns and increased intensity and frequency of the occurrence of extreme weather events like floods, droughts, wind storms, including cyclones, and a rising sea level."


id: 2acdf20287e7631363a411392e57dcce
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 915
content:
"However, the lack of systematic and homogeneous recording of events and their impacts and, on the one hand, the persistence in considering only large-scale and high-impact disasters over a short period of time have hidden thousands of small and medium-scale disasters that occur every year in the country. Consequent- ly, Mozambique does not know the real value of direct and/ or indirect economic losses associated with these events."


id: e820e087d4eb02bb210df263f7633d33
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7658
content:
"However, to achieve this goal, and despite the fact that the Government already has put in place a legal and institutional framework, it is still necessary to mobilize, at the national and international levels, the financial and technological resources needed and also to strengthen the national technical and institutional capacities.  \f  Adaptation Contribution and process for developing INDC on adaptation  Mozambique has elaborated its Initial and National Communications and other studies2, which indicate that the country is extremely vulnerable to climate change impacts."


id: b859654b1c2e0af9298f3480ac3506e7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5958
content:
"I S\u00e9rie, N\u00famero 27, Boletim da Rep\u00fablica (1996). RdM. Regulamento da Lei no. 7/96 de 5 de Julho do Sistema Estat\u00edstico Nacional. , Pub. L. N\u00ba. Decreto no 34/98 de 1 de Julho., Governo de Mo\u00e7ambique (GoM) (1998). Rep\u00fablica de Mo\u00e7ambique. 2012. Estrat\u00e9gia Nacional de Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o e Mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas (2013-2025). Rep\u00fablica de Mo\u00e7ambique. 2014. Sistema Nacional de Monitoria e Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas. Aprovado pela 26\u00aa Sess\u00e3o Ordin\u00e1ria do Conselho de Ministros, 28 de Outubro de 2014. Rep\u00fablica de Mo\u00e7ambique. 2016."


id: 30e5c916e617b5da5b6fe0f5cb202d83
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1146
content:
"INE (Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica), 2018. Estat\u00edsticas dos Transportes e Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 2018. Maputo, Mo\u00e7ambique. INE (Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica), 2019. Resultados definitivos do IV Censo do Recenseamento Geral da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o e Habita\u00e7\u00e3o (RGPH) 2017. Maputo, Abril de 2019, Mo\u00e7ambique. INE, 2016. Anu\u00e1rio estat\u00edstico (Statistical Yearbook) 2016. Maputo, Mozambique. 108p.  INE, 2017. Population Projections 2017-2050, taken from the General Census of Population and Housing. Data accessed online, 10 April 2020. INE, 2018. Estat\u00edsticas dos Transportes e Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 2018. Maputo, Mo\u00e7ambique. INE, 2019."


id: 7cc9a99d150ea3c06b9ee85d27e3ba0c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3807
content:
"INFORMA\u00c7\u00c3O QUANTIFIC\u00c1VEL SOBRE O PONTO DE REFER\u00caNCIA (COM INDICA\u00c7\u00c3O, SE APLIC\u00c1VEL, DE UM ANO BASE): 1."


id: e51faf0fbccfa8d726b8528d8f07c093
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7570
content:
"INGC (2009) projections anticipate that CC in Mozam- bique will manifest itself mainly in the following: TEMPERATURE STANDARDS The atmosphere - with an average increase between 1.5oC and 3.0oC in the period between 2046 and 2065 and a record of more warm days and fewer cold days, with an increase in maximum and minimum temperatures; The oceans - with a rise in average sea levels and a change in the distribution and availability of fish stocks and effects on marine ecosystems (such as corals); PRECIPITATION PATTERNS \u2022 With irregular rainfall behaviour in terms of starting and ending times, rainfall load (intense precipitation phenomena in a short space of time) and duration of the rainy season (drought), disfiguring the notions of \"official start\" and \"real start\" of the agricultural campaign, which may result in some regions in a reduction of current potential yields in the order of 25%; \u2022 With the growing reduction in potential agricultural yield levels of up to 20% in the main crops that constitute the basis for food security and an indispensable condition for improving the per"


id: 8e6e119e888495fa155391cd09fec04e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4467
content:
"In addition to the budgeting of mitigation and adaptation contributions contained in this document, we highlight the cooperation received under the NDC Partnership, which sup- ported the mobilization and coordination given to the coun- try aimed at updating this updated Mozambique NDC 1. It is important to highlight Mozambique s participation in the Initiative for Climate Action Transparency - ICAT that sup- ported the development of the Strengthened Climate Trans- parency Framework."


id: 4dfbd73a171a6c782ab0c340f17c923d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2150
content:
"In addition to the uncertainties already identified, we also highlight the lack of clarity on how the accounting rules used to comply with the NDCs will be, especially on the interpretations of how such rules will reflect on the scope of articles 5 and 6, especially on the implications linked to the cooperative approaches provided for in Ar- ticles 6.2 and 6.4, and possible accounting processes for the so-called \"corresponding adjustments\"."


id: f811a61c09c6f106666acb2ff786b031
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8213
content:
"In chapter 2 below, details on Contribution on Adap- tation are presented, including specific sections on Vul- nerabilities of Mozambique, Climate Scenarios, Adapta- tion & Resilience Measures, and Climate Risk Reduction. Among the main sectors that are included in the portfolio of adaptation actions, measures, projects and policies are: Early Warning System, Agriculture and Fisheries, Water Resources and Sanitation, Health, Biodiversity, Forestry, Social Security, Infrastructure, Urban Areas, Settlements and Tourism and Coastal Zones, Communication, Edu- cation, Capacity Building and Awareness, among other cross-cutting ones."


id: 3f90aa69983f9e836cff907436e990fc
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1640
content:
"In order to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2, the Parties aim to achieve the global peak in greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that the peak will take longer for developing country Parties and to make rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with the best available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century, on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication efforts.\""


id: b36ee46c52e093bbf0f882ab07a69a82
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5784
content:
"In parallel, the country benefited from the World Bank and NDC Partnership initiative through which it intended to support the Government to prioritize the operationalization of Mozambique s NDC targets in the sectors of: agriculture, energy, water, transport and early warning system, aligning them with government policies and priorities."


id: 222d9cca5ed982652d23edbf6f9d187a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 628
content:
"In terms of both adaptation and mitigation, this document has incor- porated dozens of adaptation, mitigation and cross-cut- ting actions, measures, projects and policies that together would represent a total investment demand from 2020 to 2025 of around USD 7.586 billion. For comparison purpos- es, according to the World Bank, the country s nominal GDP in dollars in 2020 was about USD 14 billion2."


id: 8730f623d1ae76bcd937bc9f001f3815
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4212
content:
"In the centre and south, they are comparatively lower compared to the north and vary from the coast to the interior. The annual averages in the two regions range from 1000 mm to 600 mm and 800 mm to 300 mm, respectively. In Mozambique, the energy sector is experiencing a remarkable growth in the last two decades, both in terms of production and consumption of electricity and natural gas."


id: d4be47eb429ba7e2981938bcbe1f9b88
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6996
content:
"In the context of their nationally determined contributions, when recognizing and implementing mitigation actions with respect to anthropogenic emissions and removals, Parties shall take into account, as appropriate, existing methods and guidance under the Convention in light of the provisions of paragraph 13 of this Article.\""


id: bad342a676d1d9c2236a4614794bf9d8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6045
content:
"In the first phase, technicians from the central and provincial levels will be trained on: use of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories; tracking of NDC adaptation and mitigation actions and support received and required. Considering the need for continuous capacity building of technicians and to cover the provincial level including institutional capacity building, the country is formulating the project proposal under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) to be submitted later this year. See 5 (a) above."


id: 30bdae9e53199f0f0fc03c73af7467e1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1138
content:
"In the year 2016, total emissions without LULUCF were estimated at about 35 MtCO eq 2and, using data and methodologies appropriate to national circumstances, estimates of projections of each mitigation action and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, it is projected that in 2025, if the policy actions and programmes presented in this NDC are not implemented, emissions in 2025 will be about 54 MtCO2eq without LULUCF."


id: e6c10a9090af2fee5a924f70b5951eb0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7618
content:
"In this way, reflecting the expected progress in vacci- nation and the extension of fiscal support in the major\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE economies, with repercussions associated with the global economy and the maintenance of monetary policies, the global economy is expected to grow around 4.9% by the year 2022, and the Mozambican economy is expected to recover slightly, growing at a rate of 2.8% conditioned by the prices of the main commodities on the international market that may boost economic growth in the country."


id: c929163e3b6757b571cda1a85e0a0dc1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6561
content:
"In this way, reflecting the progress of vaccination and the extension of fiscal support in the major economies, with repercussions associated with the global economy and the maintenance (a) (a) How the Party considers its nationally determined contribution to be fair and ambitious in light of its national circumstances; (b) Justice considerations, including reflection on equity; (c) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Paris Agreement;\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE (d) How the Party addressed Article 4, paragraph 411 , of the Paris Agreement (e) (e) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 612 , of the Paris Agreement of monetary policies, a growth of the global economy of around 4.9% is forecast for the year 2022 and that the Mozambican economy will recover slightly, growing at a rate of 2.8% conditioned by the prices of the main commodities on the international market that may boost economic growth in the country."


id: 59ed23144f15dc997bfcf37bdcf0bb9f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2553
content:
"In turn, the Measurement and Reporting System is sub-divided into two, one to Measure and Report GHG emissions and removals in the energy sectors including transport, IPPU, AFOLU and Waste - GHG Inventory and the second to Monitor and Report (track) adaptation and risk reduction, mitigation and low carbon development actions and the support received and required contained in the ENAMMC, NAP, NDC and LTS (the latter in formulation)."


id: fa343f2a8ee59efa9d99b254233e8c8d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8305
content:
"Increase of the occurrence of extreme climate events such as floods, droughts, tropical cyclones and epidemics (Figure 1).  \f  N\u00famero de Eventos D\u00e9cada Seca Cheias Ciclones Tropicais Epidemias  Figure 1. Number of climatic events between 1950-2010 (INGC, 2015). 3. Increase of the frequency and intensity of the tropical cyclones between 1980 and 2012."


id: 2df6150b6857ddfd823f4c2fc2f28e5e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1038
content:
"Installation of 50 000 photovoltaic or wind turbine lighting systems Installation of 5000 solar PV systems for pumping water for domestic, community or public use in isolated (SIE) or mixed (SILE/SIE) areas, including agricultural irrigation and livestock watering Powering of 5000 glaciers for domestic use, through photovoltaic technology or with wind turbines, in homes in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE) Replacement of 2,500,000 incandescent lamps with efficient lamps in all domestic consumers in the country Productive use of energy - construction of 8 centres for fish conservation Construction of 450 MW thermal power plant based on natural gas: Technological Action Plan for Combined Cycle Natural Gas Technology Massification of LPG - Increasing the number of people with access to cooking gas to around 309.02% compared to today Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, \u2022 Importation of one hundred and fifty (150) CNG Buses \u2022 Import of one thousand (1000) kits and respective conversion"


id: 696912a6c1a81753ce3b497cd0218b1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3122
content:
"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7(2): 3779-3788. Guedes, B.S., Olsson, A. B. Egnell, G., Sitoe, A., and Karltund, E. Plantations of Pinus and Eucalyptus replacing degraded mountain miombo woodlands in Mozambique significantly increase carbon sequestration. Global Ecology Gupta, M. K., & Sharma, S. D. 2014. Sequestered Organic Carbon Stock in the Soils under Different Land Uses in Uttarakhand State of India. Journal of Life Sciences Research, 1(1), 5-9. Gupta, M. K., and Sharma, S. D., 2014."


id: b814598183e935ab272298ed516a7a98
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5949
content:
"International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); World Bank. Washington, D.C. 25 p. CIMERWA, 2020. Estimated cement production cost data provided through personal communication June 2020. Cement Limited Ltd, Rwanda. CMM (Municipal Council of Maputo), 2014. Comprehensive urban transport master plan for the Greater Maputo, 2013 \u2013 2035. Final Report, Japan International Cooperation Agency/ Municipal Council of Maputo, Mozambique. Collins, T. 2010. Is There an Alternative to Napier Grass? Matching Genetic Resources to Meet the Demands of Smallholder Farmers. International Livestock Research Institute Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."


id: a36deea22014eec742eedba5004edcaf
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5188
content:
"International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials Vol. 4(1):1-8. Al-Busaidi, K. T. S., 2013. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers addition on growth and yield of banana (Musa AAA cv. Malindi) on a saline and non-saline soil in Oman. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 5(9): 146-155. ALER. 2017. Renewables in Mozambique \u2013 National Status Report / Alongi, D. 2014. Carbon sequestration in mangrove forests. Carbon Management. 3. 313-322. 10.4155/cmt.12.20. Anderson, S.T., 2016. \u201cCost Implications of Uncertainty in CO2 Storage Resource Estimates: A Review\u201d."


id: 100074945fdce78542175314fe192c83
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 0
content:
"It is also ambitious because it presents a reduction target to be achieved by the years 2020 and 2025, that is, an expected reduction of about 40 million tCO 2eq by 2025."


id: c9a5db679be5c88cd7549ada0514efe1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6571
content:
"It is also reiterated that the existence of a robust response presented in this updated NDC 1 in terms of mitigation transparency is evident by contemplating the content of the ICTU table (presented in the next chapter)."


id: 9acec3f8efe35b4381e8714349f9055
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4885
content:
"It is also reiterated that this updated NDC 1 document was pre- pared in an environment of uncertainty due to the meas- ures imposed by the emergence of new waves of infections BAU, ANNUAL AND ACCUMULATED GHG EMISSION REDUCTION ESTIMATES 2020-2025 Emission reductions (Mt CO2eq) Anual reductions Accumulated GHC reductions 2020-2025 COMPARISON OF EMISSIONS PER CAPITA GHG emissions reductions per capita (t CO2eq/person - Global 1.5 \u00baC Annex I (without LULUCF) Global (without LULUCF) Mozambique (without LULUCF) Mozambique (with LULUCF) Global 2.0 \u00baC Atual from COVID-19, natural disasters and military instability in some locations in the centre and north of the country."


id: d0eaac4ed6e219601a5459d8a524a556
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6865
content:
"It is estimated by the growing trend of current external resources that these will increase from 39,904.0 million ZZM in 2022 to 64,805.9 million ZZM in 2024. It is recognised that the pursuit of resilient, low-carbon development can be a driver for poverty reduction, reduced inequities for the most vulnerable and post-COVID green economic recovery19."


id: ff3a2a445d1cec3f0bec2c17cc48da3d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8483
content:
"It is in this context that in 2020, the Ministry of Land and Environment was created, with the following competencies, in the area of climate change, relevant to the implementation of the NDC: 1. To propose the enactment of legislation, policies, development strategies and plans conducive to reducing vulnerability, building resilience and adaptive capacity to climate change, as well as promoting low carbon development and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the context of sustainable development; 2."


id: eefac1c0aa10c4b52d4d584d57d823fe
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7894
content:
"It is observed that the events that struck the country in the 2018/2019 rainy season are those that caused the most suffering in people s lives and those that recorded the most losses and destruction."


id: 5f32fec771e8651846348e41885f9249
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2723
content:
"It should be noted\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE that, it was decided not to include as part of the mitiga- tion contribution of this updated NDC 1 the removals and emissions from the commercial-scale tree planting (af- forestation) component, due to the uncertainties of how such emissions and any emission reductions achieved by the activities of this component will be accounted for un- der the Paris Agreement."


id: 8641ab0545e7353488a497f407b5f4fa
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4171
content:
"It should be noted that in relation to the Health sector, the World Health Organization (WHO) is supporting the Ministry of Health (MISAU) and the Na- tional Institute of Health in strengthening the National Health System to the Impacts of Climate Change and in drafting the Plan for Adaptation of the Health Sector to Climate Change."


id: 13888907763f757b4679049093077ce3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 125
content:
"It should be noted that the occurrence of extreme events has affected the environment and ecosystems, areas that are rarely evaluated for the damage caused. In addition to the losses and damages registered with the occurrence of extreme events, the country has annually allocated resources that should fund socio-economic de- velopment activities for search, rescue, human assistance and reconstruction actions aimed at alleviating the suffer- ing of the affected people."


id: c5c47e6c716ea83f505a28230b63f9c6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6426
content:
"It should be noted that the strategic actions presented in the adaptation component of Mozambique s NDC are part of the adaptation and climate risk reduction pillar of the ENAMMC, which covers the following sectors and/or are- as considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change: climate risk reduction; water resources; agriculture, fisher- ies, food security and nutrition; social protection; health; biodiversity; forests; and, infrastructure, urban areas, oth- er settlements and tourist and coastal zones."


id: 128ebe0328188532ec512db96b30519a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 79
content:
"It should be noted that, it was decided not to include as part of the mitigation contribution of this updated NDC 1 the removals and emissions from the commercial-scale tree planting (afforestation) component, due to the uncertainties of how such emissions and any emission reductions achieved by the activities of this component will be accounted for under the Paris Agreement. Mozambique reserves the right to apply this paragraph in the future, including to adjust the information contained in item 1b) above."


id: 5482ac314c7af156cac946f149521c2f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2370
content:
"Journal of Energy in Southern Africa Davis, C, R, 2014. Anaerobic Digestion: Pathways for using waste as energy in urban settings. University of British Columbia. August 15, 2014 de Coninck, H. T. Mikunda, B. Cuamba, R. Schultz and P. Zhou, 2010. CCS in Southern Africa: An assessment of the rationale, possibilities and capacity needs to enable CO2 capture and storage in Botswana, Mozambique and Namibia. Report by Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN). July 2010. Deloitte, 2019. New Market, New Entrants, New Challenges."


id: b6b8453ef4009149d8d39ebc3006b5bd
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5898
content:
"Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, Bloomberg, 2015. Levelised cost of electricity: DFID 28 Priority Countries. Report prepared by Bloomberg New Energy Finance for UK Government. Borges, A.L., Souza L.S. 2004. O cultivo da bananeira. Cruz das Almas: Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura. 279p. Calegari, A. & Taimo, J.P.C. 2005. Guia Pr\u00e1tico de Agricultura de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o. Viena. 111p. Caos \u2013 Borboletas e Sustentabilidade. 2018. Plano de operacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da NDC de Mo\u00e7ambique (2020-2025). Maputo, Mo\u00e7ambique. Carniero, J. and M. Alberto, 2014."


id: d8087c851d82181807f6f3b62a8a972
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7091
content:
"Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2: 157-166. Energy Saving Trust, 2017. Guide to charge-point infrastructure for business users. Energy Saving Trust, August 2017. Estrat\u00e9gia Nacional de Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o e Mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o das Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas. 2012.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE Estudo do Banco Mundial Estudo sobre Economia das Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Estudo do INGC Estudo sobre o impacto das altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas no risco de calamidades em Mo\u00e7ambique Relat\u00f3rio S\u00edntese, 2009 European bee honey conversion, 2021.  kilogram-kg-of-european-bee-honey-to-liter-l-of-european-bee-honey.html FANRPAN (Food, Agriculture and National Resources Policy Analysis Network), 2017."


id: d0d8ba2e91c14973856f91a56487280b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6860
content:
"Just for comparison purposes the per capita emissions of developed countries (listed in Annex I of the UNFCCC) in the base year (1990) and in 2019 were respectively 16 tCO 2eq and 12 tCO2 eq (total GHG emissions per capita without LULUCF). Overall these values are 6 tCO 2eq and 7 tCO2 eq when accounting for total GHG emissions per capita with LULUCF."


id: 854ea232b69eda4fd4a0a8fb6b76c2b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4129
content:
"Knapp, J. R.; Laur, G. L.; Vadas, P. A.; Weiss, W. P. 2014. Invited review: Enteric methane in dairy cattle production: Quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(6). Kshirsagar, K. G. 2008. Impact of Organic Farming on Economics of Sugarcane Cultivation in Maharashtra. Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics. 12 p. Lal, R.; Griffin, W. M. & Apt, J. 2004. Managing Soil Carbon. Science, 304: 393-397. Lisboa, SN., Mate, R., Manjate, A. and Sitoe, A. (2020)."


id: ffda27eb0d8d55c2e49aef2c94aa0815
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8512
content:
"License: CC BY 3.0 Unported.  Governo de Mo\u00e7ambique. 2014. Proposta do Programa Quinquenal do Governo 2014-2019.  Minist\u00e9rio da Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o da Ac\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental. 2012. National Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy.  INGC, 2015. Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o feita pelo INGC no semin\u00e1rio de Lan\u00e7amento do projecto Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das Necessidades Tecnol\u00f3gicas"


id: 8b5ea44dd47666d76d14d907eecdbd0b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4363
content:
"Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Perspective on Exporting Liquefied Natural Gas from the United States: 2019 Update, NETL, September 2019 Rossetto, R and Dias, F. L. F. 2005. Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e aduba\u00e7\u00e3o da cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar: indaga\u00e7\u00f5es e reflex\u00f5es. Encarte do Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Agron\u00f3micas. 110: 6-11. Rossetto, R. & DIAS, F. L. 2004. Calagem para a cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar e sua interac\u00e7\u00e3o com a aduba\u00e7\u00e3o pot\u00e1ssica. Bragantia, 63: 105-119. Salary Explorer, 2021. Mozambique salary data accessed June-July 2021."


id: c61c7cb396744bb73c16f2bbdc6b8b55
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6435
content:
"Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater consumption of liquefied Marcellus shale gas used for international power generation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 205, 672-680. MASA (Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security), 2016. Anu\u00e1rio de estat\u00edsticas agr\u00e1rias 2015. Minist\u00e9rio de Agricultura e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar. Maputo, Mozambique. 64p\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mateus, A. P., Monteiro, J. J., Menegali, M. V. e Cittadin, A. 2019 An\u00e1lise de custos na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de tabaco Virg\u00ednia: um estudo em uma propriedade de agricultura familiar."


id: a2c5d86f084abfa737020acb47ecefb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5162
content:
"METHODOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROACHES, INCLUDING THOSE FOR ESTIMATING AND ACCOUNTING FOR ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND, AS APPROPRIATE, REMOVALS: Under the Initiative for Transparency for Climate Action - ICAT Mozambique formulated in 2018, in Phase 1 of ICAT, the Roadmap for establishing a Strengthened Transparency Framework in Mozambique. This Roadmap came to be implemented in 2020 and resulted in the formulation and approval of the Mozambique National Strengthened Transparency Framework (QNFTM)."


id: acfaed944608840e80a5b641d08b88c8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5537
content:
"MRV Road Map. Maputo, Mozambique. Rep\u00fablica de Mo\u00e7ambique. Minist\u00e9rio da Industria e Comercio (2016). Pol\u00edtica e Estrat\u00e9gia Industrial 2016-2025. Resource Recycling Systems, 2017. District of Columbia Compost Feasibility Study, April 2017. Resource Recycling, 2021. \u2018Prices for most recycled plastics continue to rise\u2019. -for-most-recycled-plastics-continue-to-rise/ Ribeiro, N. 2020.  Fire emissions and carbon sequestration responses of miombo woodlands: the context of Integrated Fire Management in Mozambique.   /Miombo_firewebinar_NRibeiro.pdf Roman-White et al., 2019."


id: b1db8e76b16f8eeac912f75f09ef94ba
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5716
content:
"Meanwhile, in the spirit of increased ambition and in order to demonstrate Mozambique s commitment to fighting global warming, the country has developed, with the support of the Climate Action Transparency Initiative - ICAT implemented by UNEP-DTU the national framework for strengthened transparency - the MRV System that will help the country measure, report and verify actions and support received and requested. Within this framework, Mozambique expects to prepare and submit, on time, national communications, biennial update reports, biennial transparency reports and update the NDC."


id: 9c9df4079eb62aede6bfa99c014f704c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4950
content:
"Meanwhile, it should be noted that the State s economic planning points to the need to incur increased expenditure to deal with the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandem- ic and climate events (costs beyond those foreseen in this NDC for adaptation). This will require increased external borrowing to fund investment projects linked to national development. Estimates based on current trends indicate that to meet these needs external credit should increase from 39,904.0 million ZZM in 2022 to 64,805.9 million ZZM in 20241."


id: dc9b1077d19bdce9494866b2a56f1bd6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7271
content:
"Measures Presented: Mitigation and Low Carbon Development 74 INDEX Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AFOLU Agriculture, Forest and Other Land Use AP Paris Agreement ARA Regional Water Administration BM Bank of Mozambique BTR Biennial Transparency Report BUR Biennial Update Report CA Adaptation Communication CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCGC Disaster Management Coordination Council CGCMC Centre for Climate Change Knowledge Management CN National Communication CO2 Carbon dioxide CO2eq Carbon dioxide equivalent CONDES National Council for Sustainable Development COP Conference of the Parties CSE Higher Council of Statistics CTCM Technical Council for Methodological Coordination CTGC Disaster Management Technical Council DA Activity data DINAB National Directorate of Environment DNMC National Directorate of Climate Change EBAC Low Carbon Development Strategy EDM Mozambique Electricity ENAMMC National Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy ENH National Hydrocarbon Company ETF Enhanced Transparency Framework FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FNDS National Sustainable Development Fund FOLU Forest and Other Land Use FREL Forest Reference Level FUNAB National Environment Fund FUNAE National Energy Fund GEE Greenhouse Gases Gg Gigagram GIIMC Inter-Institutional Group for Climate Change HCB Hidroel\u00e9ctrica de Cahora Bassa, SA ICAT Transparency Initiative for Climate Action IGEE Greenhouse Gas Inventory IIAM Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique"


id: 6dcb64f9e5db77e57b643f84777ccb68
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3295
content:
"Methodologies  The IPCC Revised 1996 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the Good Practise Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories were used to calculate the GHG emissions and removals as described in the Second National Communication and the LEAP software was used to develop emission scenarios for the INDC. The Global Warming Potential values used were those from the IPCC\u2019s Fourth Assessment Report and as stated below: N2O = 310 CO2eq. 16."


id: da2fc4a56bf28e072092b7a7f0836d0c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7168
content:
"Ministers VERIFICATION Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE ON INDICATOR INDICATOR VALUE IN THE BASE YEAR CALCULATION METHODOLOGY RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTION UNIT COMMENTS This is the sum of all resources allocated to NDC actions This indicator is the total cumulative reduction of GHG emissions This indicator is not related to a single action, it is the result of combined actions and MIREME should develop specific method to calculate this indicator The purpose of this indicator is to monitor the reduction in the area burnt per year of the National Strategy for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change (RI-ENAMMC), including the following interim reports, the National Inventory Report (RIN), Implementation Report of the Nationally Determined Contribution (RI-AAMMC) and Adaptation Communication (AC) (Figure below)."


id: 16d4f27e560966c3ade11204d2fc6114
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 250
content:
"Ministry of Energy. Maputo, Mozambique. Atlas das Energias Renov\u00e1veis de Mo\u00e7ambique.   Banco de Mo\u00e7ambique. 2021. Boletim de C\u00e2mbios. Barbito, A. & Nyaruwata, L.T. 2015. A Agricultura de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e a sua Sustentabilidade Social. 15 p. Bilalis, D.; Karkanis, A.; Triantafyllidis, V.; Ladavos, A.; Bizos, D.; Patsiali, S.; Efthimiadou, A. and Papatheohari, Y., 2010. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on growth, yield and nicotine content of flue-cured and oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings grown in organic and conventional float system."


id: a9cf229ff4210ab5f41603e5970a040
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5414
content:
"Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development, Maputo, Mozambique. GoM, 2011. Mozambique Biofuel Strategy and Regulation. Decreto n.\u00ba 58/2011. GoM, 2012. Mozambique\u2019s National Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy (NCCAMS) 2013-2025. Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs, Mozambique. GoM, 2013. Irrigation Strategy. Ministry of Agriculture, Maputo, Mozambique. GoM, 2014. National Development Strategy 2015-2035. Maputo, Mozambique. GoM, 2018. Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Mozambique to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development, Maputo, Mozambique."


id: 73159ffc069557fe90eca7d82d4a2fee
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3496
content:
"MoE (Ministry of Energy Mozambique) / Grupo de Gest\u00e3o de Recursos Naturais e Biodiversidade (GGRNB/UEM), 2009. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o dos N\u00edveis de Consumo da Energia de Biomassa nas Prov\u00edncias de Tete, Nampula, Zamb\u00e9zia, Sofala, Gaza e Maputo. Maputo, Mozambique. MoE (Ministry of Energy Mozambique), 2012. Energy statistics, 2000\u20132011. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o de Estudos e Planifica\u00e7\u00e3o Maputo, Mo\u00e7ambique. MOE, 2012. Mozambique Biomass Energy Strategy. Supported by the European Union Energy Initiative Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI PDF) and Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). Mokveld, K. and von Eije, S. 2018."


id: 8d06397a11749dda89da34a03a5d19a6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4426
content:
"Monitor, oversee and evaluate climate change adaptation and mitigation actions including support received and report on the status of implementation These competences are attached to the National Directorate of Climate Change which has in its structure the departments of adaptation and mitigation in the Ministry of Land and Environment."


id: 92217515a703837f74d69fe855f404bb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4594
content:
"Mozambique NDC Includes only forcings covered by IPCC 2006 Guidelines (see Section 3 b). Not applicable. Mozambique recognises the experience gained from implementing the Clean Development Mechanism and wishes to be supported by market mechanisms with high environmental integrity that contribute to sustainable development and establish strong incentives to harness the strength of the private sector. In the medium and long term it intends to plan and use the carbon market or new market mechanisms."


id: 64da456aaf8618b6af6c40ae824335de
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2963
content:
"Mozambique developed the BAU scenario based on the sum of mitigation actions for the period 2020 to 2025, proposing expectations for annual emission reductions."


id: 40ad73e7991733a6492bd1694c5cbc2d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1675
content:
"Mozambique is part of the group of countries which are implementing the Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR), which encompasses support for the institutional and policies\u2019 reform, for the funding of pilot projects (roads, agriculture, early warning systems, coastal cities and irrigation) and for knowledge management. In addition to the PPCR, the World Bank is also funding actions in water resource sectors and conservation areas."


id: dbbebddfc40f0c637a31906491ab54d5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7230
content:
"Mozambique is recognized as one of the countries that has been most dedicated to and developed national systems for scaling up emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation and increasing car- bon sinks (REDD+), as evidenced by the fact that it is one of the first countries to receive payment for results under the Forest Carbon initiative with the World Bank. Thus, for Mozambique REDD+ was included in this updated NDC 1 as a key means of implementation to operationalise miti- gation ambitions."


id: 2b4014ba146bf890e4e6c9535e03dcdb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 933
content:
"Mozambique is recognized as one of the countries that has been most dedicated to and developed national systems for scaling up emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation and increasing carbon sinks (REDD+), as evidenced by the fact that it is one of the first countries to receive payment for results under the Forest Carbon initiative with the World Bank. Thus, for Mozambique REDD+ was included in this updated NDC 1 as a key means of implementation to operationalise mitigation ambitions."


id: 510eef7d34c94577fe4ca9b992600fa0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2249
content:
"Mozambique is willing to participate in the market mechanisms to be established which would allow access to clean technologies in order to mitigate the emissions arising from exploiting, managing and using the natural capital that is available. 12. Means of Implementation  Mozambique is participating in the Second Phase of the Technology Needs Assessment Project (TNA), covering the following sectors: (i) energy and waste, (ii) agriculture and (iii) coastal zones, including infrastructures."


id: 3a3fdeb150a8f2b2eb27dc4f0ec02ca8
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1464
content:
"Mozambique supports the use of market mechanisms including pre-2020 mitigation outcomes such as: \u2022 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) generated by CDM projects and programmes; \u2022 Carbon market efforts, so as to make actions economically viable within the specific contexts of least developed countries, developing countries; and \u2022 The further development of accounting rules within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to ensure the environmental integrity of market mechanisms and avoid double counting. 6."


id: 545ffb02eb18ea2fbce5232cb766c217
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2366
content:
"Mozambique will also apply specific principles and methodologies, where relevant, in accounting for various policies and measures in its Updated Biennial Report, Biennial Transparency Report or National Communication. As part of the PBURM formulation, the country prepared its third national greenhouse gas inventory covering the period 2000 to 2016. This was prepared following the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC 2006), Good Practice Guidelines on Land Use and Land Cover Change (IPCC 2003) as well as the respective software."


id: c95fcc0780da4a69a87aa90fcf1bff4e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6566
content:
"Mozambique: Cyclone Idai & Kenneth Emergency Recovery and Resilience Project (P171040). World Bank, 2021. Conservation Agriculture in Mozambique. /CSA-in-Mozambique.pdf\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE FOOTNOTES 1 The expected average annual exchange rates for the year 2022 is 66 MZM/USD (Source: PSOE, 2021, the costs presented for external credit demand go beyond the calculated and prepared investment needs to operationalise the actions, measures and policies proposed in this updated NDC 1."


id: ac225beb42aa4287acef31907c83c1b0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5509
content:
"Mo\u00e7ambique: Dire\u00e7\u00e3o de Estudos e Planifica\u00e7\u00e3o, Minist\u00e9rio da Energia de Mo\u00e7ambique. MICOA. 2010. Relat\u00f3rio do Invent\u00e1rio Nacional das Emiss\u00f5es dos Gases de Efeito de Estufa, 1995 \u2013 2004. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional De Gest\u00e3o Ambiental, Maputo. Mo\u00e7ambique. MINAG (Ministry of Agriculture), 2004. Normas T\u00e9cnicas Elementares Agr\u00edcolas. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional da Agricultura. Departamento da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Agricola. Maputo. 121p. MINAG, 2006. Estrat\u00e9gia Nacional de Reflorestamento. Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura. Maputo. MINAG, 2010. Plano estrat\u00e9gico para o desenvolvimento do sector agr\u00e1rio, PEDSA 2010-2019. MINAG, 2021."


id: 69bed29ef69a69f5f160536c9a5bfd71
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3140
content:
"Murthy, I.K; Gupta, M.; Tomar, S; Munsi, M. & Tiwari R. 2013 Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems in India. J Earth Sci Climate Change, 4:131. doi: 10.4172/2157 7617.1000131. Mutimura, M. & Everson, T. 2012. On-farm evaluation of improved Brachiaria grasses in low rainfall and aluminium toxicity prone areas of Rwanda. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 4(3): 137-154. DOI: 10.5897/IJBC10.121. Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas. 2015. Objectivos de Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel (ODS). National Energy Fund (FUNAE) of Mozambique, 2015. Atlas de Energias Renov\u00e1veis de Mo\u00e7ambique. Maputo, Mocambique."


id: 27ef7f487c2b8c7b978db279a1ddfb41
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 818
content:
"National Energy Fund (FUNAE) of Mozambique, 2019.  Renewable Energy Projects Portfolio Hydro and Solar Resources, July 2019. Maputo, Mozambique. National Research Council. 2010. Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Methods to Support International Climate Agreements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.   Ndong et al, 2009. Life cycle assessment of biofuels from Jatropha Curcas in West Africa: a field study. NEA (Netherlands Enterprise Agency), 2017. Renewable Energy Market Study: Zimbabwe 2017. The Hague, Netherlands. NIRAS, 2017."


id: 4034b1ab7577f992acb468a93d9c9427
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:23
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1662
content:
"Natural Resources Research 26(2).\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE Artur, C., Neves, D., Cuamba, B.C., Le\u00e3o, A. 2020. Domestic hot water technology transition for solar thermal systems: An assessment for the urban areas of Maputo city, Mozambique. Journal of Cleaner Production 260 (2020) 121043. Assocana .2019.   ASSOCANA, 2019. Custo m\u00e9dio operacional da lavoura de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar em reais. Departamento Agr\u00edcola. Dispon\u00edvel em:   Atanassov, B., Egas, A., Falc\u00e3o, M., Fernandes, A., Mahumane, G., 2012. Mozambique urban biomass energy analysis: Maputo, Matola, Beira and Nampula."


id: 67281bcc6bc63b4d6e2afba244a60b4e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3050
content:
"New and Renewable Energy Development Strategy (2011 to 2025); 5. Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Energy from Biomass Energy Strategy (2014 to 2025); 6. Master Plan for Natural Gas (2014 to 2030); 7. Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff Regulation (REFIT); 8. Mozambique\u2019s Integrated Urban Solid Waste Management 9. National REDD+ Strategy (in preparation and to be approved in 10. Renewable Energy Atlas for Mozambique; 11. Project to build and manage two solid waste landfills with the recovery of methane; and 12."


id: 96c4b41d646bd9ac8cf5ce9718196048
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4744
content:
"Niassa (0.020 MW) Matchedje \u2013 Niassa (0.223MW) Ninga - Cabo Delgado (18MW) Ngapa - Cabo Delgado (0,200MW) Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE Expansion of the urban network, making new connections; promoting 100% coverage in the connection of domestic consumers in suburban areas, in the districts and interconnected to the national grid (SILE)."


id: 8dab854ff70348d6660499fe397fca98
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4445
content:
"Nitrous oxide NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution ODS Sustainable Development Goal PBUR Mozambique s First Biennial Update Report PETROMOC Mozambique National Petroleum Company POCA Agricultural Marketing Plan PODA Agrarian Development Plan PQG Government s Five-Year Plan QNFTM National Strengthened Transparency Framework REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation REF Reference scenario RI-AAMMC Report on the Implementation of the Determined National Contribution RI-ENAMMC Report on the Implementation of the National Strategy for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change RIN National Inventory Report SEN National Statistical System TA Trend Assessment UEM Eduardo Mondlane University UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE INTRODUCTION TO MOZAMBIQUE S NDC 1 UPDATE MOZAMBIQUE submitted its Intended Nationally Deter- mined Contribution (iNDC) to the UNFCCC on 1 October 2015 which became Mozambique s First Nationally Deter- the date on which the country became Party to the Paris Agreement."


id: cb5931776857c890929cb3883df1b4cc
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6646
content:
"Nowadays the saltwater intrusion represents a problem in the Umbeluzi, Incomati, Limpopo, Save, P\u00fangoe, Buzi and Zambeze rivers where the irrigation is developed. Table 3 (INGC, 2010) shows to which degree some rivers are affected. Table 3: Saltwater intrusion in some rivers."


id: df2326628ba632785bbf3610995523d3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7358
content:
"Of these, The most predominant climate is the humid tropical with some pockets of the semi-arid tropical, characterised by having two very distinct seasons, one hot and rainy from October to April and the other cold and dry from May to September (Gelcer et al., 2018). Average rainfall is variable from south to north. The north receives the highest averages, ranging from 800 mm to 1200 mm."


id: bcc00e191338c86a5d61d8bcfb4f6b2a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6114
content:
"Of this potential, the government has prioritized the production of 5,645 MW from hydropower sources, 600 MW solar, 1,146 MW wind, 128 MW biomass and 20 MW geothermal energy as a way to accelerate universal access of energy services by the population, climate change mitigation as well as for sustainable use of biomass resources (MTA, 2021). Not applicable. Not applicable, as the Global Stocktake did not occur."


id: fdf14c98ed7d5bf4f654437ee4170d2a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8443
content:
"On one hand, regarding the specific contribution on adaptation, this update has considered several docu- ments elaborated under the Convention and that have relevant information on vulnerability and adaptation measures, namely, the Mozambique National Strategy for Climate Change (ENAMMC), Technological Action Plan Fonte: Instituto Nacional de Gest\u00e3o de Desastres, 2021 ANNUAL AND ACCUMULATED COST DEFICITS SINCE 2016 FOR RECONSTRUCTION Millions of Meticais Annual Deficit Accumulated (since 2016) Annual Need Annual Cost\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE (for Adaptation covering agriculture and coastal zones and infrastructure and mitigation the energy and waste sec- tors), the Local Adaptation Plans (123 districts with local adaptation plans formulated by October 2021), the Second National Communication of Mozambique and other stra- tegic documents including consultations with sectors and other relevant entities, the adaptation contribution is pre- sented in this document."


id: 9e0c047bcbd4db1d409b5dffedaedfe5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4993
content:
"On the other hand, Mozambique has benefited from the support of the NDC Partnership which has resulted in the formulation of the NDC Partnership Plan that identifies both the project and capacity building needs for the implementation of NDC."


id: 9a0306eba80668b5b24beab34e4e3cf5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4865
content:
"On the other hand, more than 30 districts are prone to drought and the population living in these districts\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE IMPACTS OF THE EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS DURING RAINY SEASONS FROM 2016 TO 2020 AT HUMAN LEVEL --- Heavy rains and winds, strong winds, rains with lightning and gales Drought, rain and strong winds, sometimes accompanied by lightning, and Desmond, Idai and Kenneth Heavy rains, strong winds, lightning and floods Total --- --- --- --- Source: reports on the rainy seasons from INGD Season Event Affected People Affected Families Flooded Houses Worship Locations Affected Students Affected Schools Health Units Destroyed Classrooms Injured Deaths Partially Partially Totally Totally Destroyed Houses\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE is deprived of water supply sources for human consump- tion, for the irrigation of small vegetable gardens and for watering livestock."


id: 887caac0a39f041770f290d604d9d47a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4252
content:
"On the other hand, the Ministry of Land and Environment has established the holding of a National Climate Change Conference every two years as a forum open to public participation to, among others, share information, experiences and good practices in the area of climate change; promote education and public awareness on issues related to climate change; and, promote the dissemination and discussion of issues relevant to climate change."


id: ba99f95ef5e8987991dd9a137fb42e47
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6036
content:
"On the other hand, the contributions associated with the mitigation theme count on the implementation of actions, measures, projects, policies and programmes that contem- plate the sectors of Agro-livestock and Sustainable Land Use, Waste Management, Energy Security and Sustainabil- ity of Industries."


id: d1b705d34fd487c866e4ccd11f467a1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6890
content:
"On the other hand, there was a need to have updated inventories, as the estimated contributions in NDC 1 were based on the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report 1995 - 2004. It is in this context that Mozambique has submitted in the two calls made by the NDC Partnership - Climate Action Enhancement Package (CAEP I and II), requests for assistance to adjust its NDC to the Transparency Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines."


id: 61f260a334ac78edc1cdba970c45a8dd
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2837
content:
"One of the technical outputs was the as- sessment of the public budget investments related to cli- mate change already disbursed and proposed for the years 2020 to 20224. Such dynamics demonstrate that Mozam- bique is in a process of defining budget lines that aims to ensure that at least a small portion of the adaptation and mitigation actions and programs foreseen in this NDC are captured and already included in the State budgets."


id: 582f627fcf10798368919aa3af1c3794
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2492
content:
"Other initiatives that contributed to the improvement of Mozambique s NDC are: (i) the Initiative for Transparency in Climate Action - ICAT which supported in the formulation of the Strengthened Framework for Transparency including capacity building of technicians; and, the project to formulate the First Biennial Mozambique Transparency Report (PBTRM). Since the approval of the ENAMMC, the Government has been strengthening the institutional framework in order to improve the coordination and implementation of climate change actions including the reporting process established in the UNFCCC."


id: cbcee93a409da1d3d8345f9f9da6fa2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6666
content:
"PIB Nominal (milh\u00f5es de meticais) Crescimento de PIB. Taxa de Crescimento Real de1.5% (2021) e 2,8% (para 2022) com taxa de infla\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dia anual de 5,5%. As fontes para os dados acima s\u00e3o: PSOE 2022 e o documento \u201dCAEP Support: Mozambique\u2019s Long-term low greenhouse gas emissions development strategy (LT-LEDS) INTERIM REPORT\u201d7 1. INFORMA\u00c7\u00c3O QUANTIFIC\u00c1VEL SOBRE O PONTO DE REFER\u00caNCIA (COM INDICA\u00c7\u00c3O, SE APLIC\u00c1VEL, DE UM ANO BASE): 1. INFORMA\u00c7\u00c3O QUANTIFIC\u00c1VEL SOBRE O PONTO DE REFER\u00caNCIA (COM INDICA\u00c7\u00c3O, SE APLIC\u00c1VEL, DE UM ANO BASE): 2."


id: 1008db8809f2a02cf7cfaac2eb412b1a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2
content:
"PLANNING PROCESSES: AFollowing the ratification of the Paris Agreement by Parliament in 2017, the then Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development submitted to Cam\u00f5es Institute for Cooperation and Language of Portugal the project \"Roadmap for the Implementation of Mozambique s Nationally Determined Contribution - NDCMoz \"with the aim of designing the roadmap for the implementation of Mozambique s NDC, contributing to the implementation and success of the Paris Agreement, through a country with a low carbon and resilient development and to the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)."


id: cd61444728858959d1ca0e546b5fcbd4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6721
content:
"Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Dec. 12, 2015, T.I.A.S. No. 16-1104. UNIDO, 2010. CCS Roadmap for Industry: High-purity CO2 sources. Sectoral Assessment. By Carbon Counts (P.D. Zakkour, and G. Cook) for the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO). September 2010. UNIQUE. 2016. Financial analysis of the natural forest management sector of Mozambique: Mozambique Forest Investment Project. UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH. Schnewlinstra\u00dfe, Freiburg, Germany. 71 p. USAID 2014."


id: 4b09c62752c9e670cad28126606885ba
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2039
content:
"Policy Research Working Paper. The World Bank Middle East and North Africa Region Office of the Chief Economist. August 2012. World Bank, 2012. What A Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. Washington DC. World Bank, 2016. Discounting Costs and Benefits in Economic Analysis of World Bank Projects. Technical note produced by Fay, M., Hallegate, S., Kraay, A., and Vogt-Shilb., A. February 2016. World Bank, 2020a. Online data services. Accessed December 2020.  World Bank, 2020b."


id: 11848e05feb713788972f3d1fef6949f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 51
content:
"Political and institutional \uf0b7 Insufficient incentives to attract the participation of the private sector and civil society in developing initiatives to contribute to climate change adaptation; and \uf0b7 Weak coordination and charge of the sectors in the implementation of the approved policies, strategies and plans, due to a low ability to verify and enforce the laws and regulations associated to a weak capacity to cross-sectoral and integrated planning. 6."


id: 2b6f7a8a020fc95c92b08d69e4ccfa4b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 941
content:
"Portuguese is the official language of the country, however, there are more than 40 languages spoken throughout the national territory. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Mozambican economy, employing more than 80% of the country s economically active population (PEDSA, 2011). Furthermore, it is the sector with the highest average share in GDP, with more than 20% of the total. Manufacturing is the second sector with the highest contribution to GDP (13%), followed by trade and transport and communications services with an average of 10% each."


id: ef2c043a35ca97d1f43a9df75ca62dd6
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7899
content:
"Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Metz, B., O. Davidson, H. C. de Coninck, M. Loos, and L. A. Meyer (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 442 pp. IPCC. 2006b. \u201cCHAPTER 8 OTHER PRODUCT MANUFACTURE.\u201d In 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. IPCC. 2006c. \u201cMineral Industry Emissions.\u201d In 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 1\u201340. IPCC.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE IPCC. 2006a."


id: ad1f769fa2169fd4d5ceadba95ccc07c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5543
content:
"Project of Urban Mobility in the Municipality of Maputo. 10. Target level Based on the policy actions and programmes outlined above, the country estimates, on a preliminary basis, the total reduction of about 76,5 53,4 MtCO2eq from 2025 to 2030. These reductions are estimates with a significant level of uncertainty and will be updated with the results from the BUR to be available by early 2018."


id: 8c1c7d214d010f66d41a176a6cc9bb0e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4394
content:
"QUANTIFIABLE INFORMATION ON THE REFERENCE POINT (WITH INDICATION, IF APPLICABLE, OF A BASE YEAR): INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY AND UNDERSTANDING (ICTU)\f  Update  NDC MOZAMBIQUE The BAU scenario values may be adjusted in the future, considering possible improvements in GHG emissions calculations covering sectors and gases, and evolutions in inventory techniques, as well as different national circumstances and methods of defining baselines for actions included as part of the NDC."


id: b4e72f1b852d9acfd799fc364cbd30df
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5849
content:
"REP\u00daBLICA DE MO\u00c7AMBIQUE MINIST\u00c9RIO DA TERRA, AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL  Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of Mozambique to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)  National development goals and priorities, climate change context Mozambique is located in the eastern coast of Africa and has frontiers with Tanzania (north), Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe (west) and South Africa and Swaziland (south). The country has an eastern shoreline bathed by the Indian ocean extending to 2700 km."


id: e246216195da63aefe338d5bd360c905
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7467
content:
"Regarding the agriculture, water and energy sectors, these were also affected by events during the rainy seasons from 2016/17 to 2019/2020. According to the table below, about 2,960 power poles, 95 water sources were destroyed and 1,529,389 ha of crops were affected."


id: 72630325478c4036dd0befcc4fdef295
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3464
content:
"Regeneration of mangroves and implementation of protective measures for seaweed and seagrass, corals and other breeding and feeding areas for fish 4.6.1.3.2.2 Development of tools for the integration of adaptation into the planning and budgeting process in fisheries - new Promotion of conservation agriculture/climate-smart agriculture for fodder and food production 4.6.2.3.1.1: Implementation of the Conservation Agriculture Action Plan and the Rainwater Harvesting and Conservation Action Plan (Technological Adaptation Action Plan for Agriculture) Promotion of the use of integrated agroforestry systems to recover areas degraded by shifting cultivation 4.6.2.3.1.2 Promotion of use of methane from rice cultivation systems for energy production/ improved low emission rice production systems 4.6.2.3.1.2 Promotion of renewable energy use for irrigation/water pumping systems 4.6.2.3.1.3 Prevention of uncontrolled burning associated with shifting cultivation Increasing the resilience of agriculture and livestock 4.6.1.3.1 Increasing the resilience of fisheries 4.6.1.3.2 Development of low carbon agricultural AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES WATER RESOURCES AND RESILIENT WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SYSTEMS Increasing water r esources management Increased access and capacity for water collection, storage, treatment and distribution 4.6.1.2.2 Promoting more resilient rural sanitation solutions for"


id: 6de0e4260dfa1322fe4f6e5fc2e21566
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3300
content:
"Residences in all provinces of Maputo Cabo Delgado Inhambane/Temane Cabo Delgado/Pemba, Zamb\u00e9zia/Mocuba, Nampula e Tete Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane Province Maputo Promoting the expansion of the national grid or the creation of energy distribution micro-grids Development of projects and programmes for micro-energy generation in commercial and residential buildings - Increase energy efficiency 4.6.2.1.2 Promotion of the use of efficient household appliances Promotion of low carbon AC\u00c7\u00c3O DE MITIGA\u00c7\u00c3O                                               MEDIDA META/LOCAL\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increased energy efficiency in travel Managing and recovering waste 4.6.2.4.1 Enhance and expand conservation agro-livestock farming techniques Increased efficiency in the production and use of biomass fuels Reducing GHG emissions from Industry AC\u00c7\u00c3O DE MITIGA\u00c7\u00c3O                                               MEDIDA META/LOCAL Expansion of Metrobus to the country s main capitals Promotion of sustainable waste management in Mozambique (NAMA Waste) Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Solid Urban Waste Management and Treatment Application and expansion of agricultural production techniques of a conservationist and soil protection nature, such as the use of direct planting."


id: e180537ca295f3c549f68127d58ce5b0
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7443
content:
"Resultados definitivos do IV Censo do Recenseamento Geral da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o e Habita\u00e7\u00e3o (RGPH) 2017. Maputo, Abril de 2019, Mo\u00e7ambique. INGC, Mar\u00e7o Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o feita pelo INGC no semin\u00e1rio de Lan\u00e7amento do projecto Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das Necessidades Tecnol\u00f3gicas (Mar\u00e7o 2015) IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. IPCC, 2005. IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage."


id: aa5f85f612d4ebf682bd95f697217270
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5438
content:
"Results of the 2019 Anode Effect Survey: Report on the Aluminium Industry\u2019s Global Perfluorocarbon Gases Emissions. August 2020. World Bank 2021 Conservation Agriculture in Mozambique. /CSA-in-Mozambique.pdf World Bank, 2008. Mozambique Biofuels Assessment. Final Report. May 1, 2008. Washington DC. World Bank, 2010. Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change: Mozambique. Washington DC. World Bank, 2012. Establishing a Green Charcoal value chain in Rwanda: A feasibility study. Washington DC. World Bank, 2012. Job Creation through Infrastructure Investment in the Middle East and North Africa."


id: 5a59529dc866316519dc5e6d4936131d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2574
content:
"River Distance in the interior (km) Affected area (km2) Zambeze Save Limpopo Buzi Maputo Ligonha According to climate projections these impacts will be exacerbated considering the expected increase in temperature of 1,5 to 3,0\u00baC between 2046 and 2065 and the sea level rise of 15 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm as a consequence of thermic expansion and of 15 cm, 110 cm and 415 cm from ice melting in 2030, 2060 and 2100, respectively."


id: a0a1378d5f5a12148d0a29e5aeee7c8f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5088
content:
"Santos, D. L., Fehr, L. C., Sousa, L. M., Tavares, M. e santos, G. C., 2019. An\u00e1lise comparativa dos custos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o da cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar entre as principais cidades produtoras do Brasil. XXVI Congresso Brasileiro de Custos \u2013 Curitiba, PR, Brasil. 1-16p. Santos, N. B.; Texeira, M. M.; Fernandes, H. C.; J\u00fanior, C. D. G., 2014. Estimated repair and maintenance cost of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) harvester. Jaboticabal, 45(3):214\u2013217. SAWIC, 1998. Minimum Requirement for Waste Disposal by Landfill."


id: ae865d9fbb71a6440b5c548b6ff5e85f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5596
content:
"Sequestered Organic Carbon Stock in the Soils under Different Land Uses in Uttarakhand State of India. Journal of Life Sciences Research, 1(1), 5-9. GWEC (Global Wind Energy Council), 2021. Wind Power and Green Recovery. April 2021. Hartley, F., van Seventer, D., Tost\u00e3o, E. and Arndt, C. 2019. Economic impacts of developing a biofuel industry in Mozambique, Development Southern Hendricks, S.C.J.; Maute, F.R. and Cunhete, D., 2015."


id: b21048e7994d4edf37984450a34879f4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5723
content:
"Since the latest data presented in NDC 1, the National Institute for Disaster Management (INGD) has conducted a preliminary analysis of the costs required for reconstruction following extreme climate events and other emergencies since 2016."


id: 432712e0114dceadffa6478d07c61a13
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1766
content:
"Sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o de mercados agr\u00edcolas (SIMA). MINAG. 2004 Normas T\u00e9cnicas Elementares Agr\u00edcolas. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional da Agricultura. Departamento da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00edcola. Maputo. 121p. MINAG. 2021. Sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o de mercados agr\u00edcolas (SIMA).  MINEDH (Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento Humano), 2020. Modulo 2 Agropecu\u00e1ria. Mo\u00e7ambique. 201 p. Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento Humano. Modulo 2 Agropecu\u00e1ria. Mo\u00e7ambique. 201 p. Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy (MIREME), 2018."


id: b6ded5f37391428866e0066bfd293e14
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5903
content:
"Smallholder Sugarcane Production Systems in Xinavane, Mozambique. Report from the Field. Wageningen University, Wageningen. 69 p. Jenkins, G. P.; Miklyaev, M.; Afra, S. & Basikiti, P. V. (2018). Cost-Benefit Analysis of Zimbabwe\u2019s Livestock Development Program for the Reduction of Rural Poverty and Increasing of Income and Food Security on Beef, Dairy by Improving Hygiene in their Nutritional Practices and Building of Capacity. Development Discussion Paper: 2018-08 JICA, 2000. The Study on Regional Solid Waste JICA Management for Adana-Mersin in the Republic of Turkey."


id: f6a59f468935975a183beac04d218dae
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8165
content:
"Sornpoon, W., Bonnet, S,, Kasemsap, P., Prasertsak, P., Garivait, S. Estimation of Emissions from Sugarcane Field Burning in Thailand Using Bottom-Up Country-Specific Activity Data. Atmosphere. 2014; 5(3):669-685. Sousa, G. B. 2012. Effects of traffic control on the soil physical quality and the cultivation of sugarcane. Revista Brasileira Ci\u00eancia do Solo, 38, 135\u2013 146. Souza, T. R. 2012 Componentes morfol\u00f3gicos e de rendimento de duas variedades de cana de a\u00e7ucar em espa\u00e7amentos de plantio simples e duplos. Tese (M.Sc.), Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1. 96p."


id: 1ba39fb308942cd15bdc7fe4a7df3314
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 422
content:
"Studies from the World Bank indicate a loss of 0,6 to 1,2 million USD per year until 2030. 3. Reporting on long- term and near- term adaptation visions, goals and targets  The mission is to \u201creduce climate change vulnerability and improve the wellbeing of Mozambicans through the implementation of concrete measures for adaptation and climate risk reduction, promoting mitigation and low-carbon development, aiming at sustainable development, with the active participation of all stakeholders in the social, environmental and economic sectors\u201d."


id: be166b7e318a63c22ee8d83339ce1392
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6151
content:
"Summary of climate change trends, impacts and vulnerabilities The analysis of the impacts and frequency of its occurrence in Mozambique in the period covering 1956 to 2008 demonstrates that drought and floods are the events that most affect the population, living in vulnerable areas, and that the latter are the most common occurrences  1 The Second National Communication is in the process of being submitted to the UNFCCC 2 Studies about Climate Change elaborated by the Instituto Nacional de Gest\u00e3o das Calamidades (INGC), Study on the Economy of Climate Change elaborated by the World Bank, among others\f  followed by tropical cyclones."


id: 87188451f2693e02f8fac5a4a5c80bbc
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4209
content:
"Summary of needs  To implement the INDC it is necessary to: \uf0b7 Operationalize the NCCAMM implementation mechanisms namely the Knowledge Management Centre, the National Climate Change Network and the Financial Mechanism; \uf0b7 Assess the capacity needs of the National Climate Change Network and elaborate and implement the capacity plan to conduct research and investigation in the relevant areas; \uf0b7 Strengthen the institutions to collect and manage data and information and create a data base about the existent studies and experts; \uf0b7 Elaborate and implement a strategy for climate change education, awareness raising, communication and public participation; \uf0b7 Assess the adaptation technology needs and formulate and implement the associated plan; \uf0b7 Update the sectoral policies to mainstream climate change adaptation and risk reduction; \uf0b7 Establish climate insurances; and \uf0b7 Build national technical and institutional capacity to design and manage projects to access climate financing."


id: 893a0e4194b655fa32e9731d5594be4d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4285
content:
"TOTAL NUMBER OF EXTREME EVENTS Source: data from DeSinventar and reports from INGD Flood Drought Cyclone, Mumber of occurences\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE According to the previous figure, it can be concluded that on average, the country is affected by a tropical cy- clone or flood event every two years and a drought event every three years. Tropical cyclone and flood events ac- count for about 77% of the total events that occurred in the period under review."


id: bae22ffa596718d89152d3531a571c9b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6051
content:
"Tabaxi, I.; Zisi, C.; Karydogianni, S.; Folina, A.; Kakabouki, I.; Kalivas, A.; Bilalis, D., 2021. Effect of organic fertilization on quality and yield of oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under Mediterranean conditions. Asian J Agric & Biol., 2021(1). DOI: 10.35495/ajab.2020.05.274. Taimo, J.P.C. & Calegari, A. 2007. Manual de Agricultura de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o para t\u00e9cnicos e Agricultores. Beira-Viena. 113 Tang, J., 2021. A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Waste Incineration with Advanced Bottom Ash Separation Technology for a Chinese Municipality \u2013 Guanghan."


id: c2afb39b2cf06ca7e63e343434223b0f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6317
content:
"Technology and knowledge \uf0b7 Weak capacity to determine the cost of the losses and damages caused by the impacts and of the measures to adapt to climate change and few research and investigation actions addressing climate change;  3 Programme of Support to the Environmental Sector supported by DANIDA and the European Commission (Ireland)\f  \uf0b7 Unpredictability of the intensity and magnitude of the climate change impacts; \uf0b7 Weak capacity to design projects to access climate change financing and funds; \uf0b7 Unavailability of adaptation technologies; \uf0b7 Low capacity to measure, report and verify (MRV), including the effects of policies, strategies, plans and projects and of the availability and use of financial and technological resources; and \uf0b7 Difficulties and weak capacity to disclose   knowledge about the climate change risks and actions, associated with a low capacity to manage and communicate the results of studies and projects."


id: 5367b619d048c8313cd995711c06d3d9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2332
content:
"The First National Conference took place this year with the participation of actors from central, provincial and district levels and the second Conference will take place in 2023, the year in which the country will be preparing its First Biennial Transparency Report. The Republic of Mozambique is a country located in the southern hemisphere, on the southeast coast of the African continent. It has an area of 801,590 km\u00b22 of land and about 13,000 km\u00b2 of internal waters."


id: b611a4ddcb3c51c3a281f010a892d2a9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5877
content:
"The INDC formulation process started with the compilation of the strategic action proposed in the adaptation and risk reduction pillar of the NCCAMS, and other climate change studies done as well as the legal ordinances."


id: 1ab56a92ba909fe482d6123e7faa8100
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 386
content:
"The Mozambican population has been increasing at a rate of 2,4% per year. According to the Demographic Census of 2007, the population was estimated at 20,6 million of inhabitants, from which 48% were men and 52% women. The demographic projection of the National Statistics Institute indicates that by 2030 the country will have about 36 million inhabitants, implying that the country will need to prepare the conditions for   Mozambique to satisfy the needs of this number of inhabitants."


id: 1dea44ce4e8a4e03ca0656b1e07d8fe3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 493
content:
"The NCCAMS identifies adaptation and the reduction of the climate risk as a national priority and presents eight strategic actions aimed at creating resilience and reducing the climate risk in the communities, ecosystems and national economy. The NCCAMS identifies also a set of key cross cutting actions including (i) institutional and legal reform, (ii) research and systematic observation and (iii) capacity building and technology transfer."


id: bff429793428c1cd2f9e9bcb11f2e373
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6220
content:
"The QNTFM has the following systems: Measuring and Reporting System, Verification System and the Academy s Technical Support."


id: 8f49f7805600dc31c6a19442b9088f0c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4493
content:
"The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington. 70 p. IEA (International Energy Agency), 2019. Putting CO2 to Use: Creating value from emissions. IEA/OECD, September 2019. Available at:   IEA GHG 2019. Techno-economic evaluation of CO2 capture in LNG plants. 2019-07, October 2019. IEA GHG, 2014. Biomass and CCS - Guidance for Accounting for Negative Emissions. Report 2014/05. Cheltenham, UK. IEA GHG, 2018. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilisation (CCU) Technologies - Characterising CCU technologies, policy support, regulation and emissions accounting."


id: fdfcbdcf9e4d72dc61d133be3d30d7c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8445
content:
"The consequences of the observed impacts of climate change in the country include the loss of human lives, destruction of socioeconomic infrastructures and property, loss of livelihoods and environmental degradation, including erosion and saltwater intrusion, with impacts in the communities and the national economy. The economic impacts of climate change are well described in the study Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change: Mozambique (World Bank, 2010)."


id: c9beee0ec51864a45a1b5b83eb39766d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6575
content:
"The consistent methodology should be created with a description sheet Restored area of mangroves Losses due to climatic disasters by number of people in affected areas To be defined Specific Specific MIMAIP MTA, INGC & INAM ha Million USD per capita To be defined One of the major challenges for the operationalisation of the QNTFM and the MRV System will be the strengthening of technical-institutional capacities of the different entities at various levels."


id: ea2141d1c5741c2a847b5211a1acb1b9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7718
content:
"The country expects to reduce these emissions in comparison to the BAU of the specific actions and, should Mozambique benefit from international climate finance, the total investment required to generate these reductions and the other actions foreseen in this updated NDC 1 is estimated to be around USD 7.586 billion (from 2020 to 2025)."


id: fb4b6fe1f95becef84a58fd04817fc4f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8350
content:
"The country is also implementing other projects supported by the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), the PASA3, the African Development Bank, the JICA, the USAID and the Portuguese Carbon Fund, among others. 5."


id: b839824632f93b74c0308bc2d5f85dd1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5954
content:
"The country needs infrastructures to develop Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Systems that are sustain- able, safe and resilient to the risk of climate change, in- cluding the taking of measures aimed at protecting public health, preserving the water supply systems and, to this end, the country must develop Water Safety Plans, the ex- ploration and development of deep aquifers as an alterna- tive water supply in areas affected by drought and the con- struction of small water storage infrastructures for human consumption and irrigation, as well as the establishment of an optimum network for Water Resources Monitoring."


id: 1cb95a9ea88432108eca6df57caea741
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 448
content:
"The country recorded a negative real growth of 1.2% in 2020, this reflects the negative effects of COVID-19 on eco- nomic activity during the second quarter, with the sectors that were most affected being hotel and restaurant services\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE ufacturing (-5.3%), transport and communications (-4.7%)."


id: eaf0929ca13c27cfacf647170290632c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7748
content:
"The country recorded negative real growth of 1.2% in 2020, this reflects the negative effects of COVID-19 on economic activity during the second quarter, with the sectors that were most affected being hotel and restaurant services (-35.8%), extractive industries (-25.6%), trade (-5.7%), manufacturing (-5.3%), transport and communications (-4.7%)."


id: 20bb9c0996c1cb978ea2b6f0b24e2b4a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 580
content:
"The country will update and implement its NAP for the following time periods: short (2015 to strategic actions to be included in the NAP are: \uf0b7 Reduce climate risks through the strengthening of the early warning system and of the capacity to prepare and respond to climate risks; \uf0b7 Improve the capacity for integrated water resources management including building climate resilient hydraulic infrastructures; \uf0b7 Increase the effectiveness of land use and spatial planning (protection of floodplains, coastal and other areas vulnerable to floods); \uf0b7 Increase the resilience of agriculture, livestock and fisheries, guaranteeing the adequate levels of food security and nutrition; \uf0b7 Increase the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable groups; \uf0b7 Reduce people\u2019s vulnerability to climate change related vector- borne diseases or other diseases; \uf0b7 Ensure biodiversity\u2019s protection; \uf0b7 Reduce soil degradation and promote mechanisms for the planting of trees for local use; \uf0b7 Develop resilient climate resilience mechanisms for infrastructures, urban areas and other human settlements and tourist and coastal zones; \uf0b7 Align the legal and institutional framework with the NCCAMS \uf0b7 Strengthen research and systematic observation institutions"


id: e12e13f5b1d50f18992a5047352275f5
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7428
content:
"The direct impact of these events is often expressed by the number of human lives lost, people affected through loss of personal property and livelihoods, destruction of the country s critical infrastructure such as roads, bridges, water supply system, schools, hospitals, as well as the outbreak of water borne diseases (e.g. malar- ia, cholera, diarrhoea etc.)."


id: afd55718b398bc93aab061c123068333
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5634
content:
"The eastern part of the country is bathed by the Indian Ocean and has a coastline of approximately 2,700 km\u00b2. Administratively, the country is divided into 11 Provinces. The provinces are currently divided into 154 districts which, in turn, are subdivided into 419 local administrative districts called Postos Administrativos. In addition to these subdivisions, there are 53 municipal autarquias, located in the main cities and towns throughout the country."


id: bb2425d9502640add130c7b8f1dbb299
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6058
content:
"The elaboration of the H-Nap is based on the results and recommendation of the assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change of the health sector in Mozambique conducted in 2019. The Plan is being developed with collaboration of MISAU, INS, Eduardo Mondlane University with technical and financial support from WHO through funds from the Government of Flanders."


id: bfe32137bb7a39f741cc8559e2234a9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6217
content:
"The emission reduction target presented by Mozambique is divided into cumulative annual efforts between the years 2020 and 2025, whereby the country commits to reduce its emissions by about 40 MtCO2eq between 2020 and 2025."


id: db1c888d68e2b78dbc65fd05a52d9a25
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7204
content:
"The emission reductions proposed in Mozambique s mitigation contribution would represent a mitigation effort of about 1.2 tCO2 eq per capita by 2025, a very rel- evant figure when compared to Mozambique s total GHG emissions per capita which were respectively 0.6 tCO2eq in 1990 and about 2 tCO2eq today (total emissions with LULUCF). Just for comparison purposes the per capita emissions of developed countries (listed in Annex I of the UNFCCC) in the base year (1990) and in 2019 were sions per capita without LULUCF)."


id: ec5afb43939087a1a0379e3a30447394
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7804
content:
"The emission reductions proposed in the mitigation contribution of Mozambique would represent a mitigation effort of about 1.2 tCO2 eq per capita by 2025, a very relevant figure when compared to the total GHG emissions per capita in Mozambique which were respectively 0.6 tCO 2eq in 1990 and about 2 tCO2 eq today (total emissions with LULUCF)."


id: ffe234e6c584fbb1bedd9909ecaf9c48
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8515
content:
"The evolution of Mozambique s emissions is insignificant compared to the global emission and in terms of emissions linked to the electricity sector it has the highest amount of generation from renewable sources until 2015 and continues to be an electricity exporting country. Therefore, in practice its historical and current contribution to global emissions is very small. Mozambique reserves the right to apply this paragraph in the future, including to adjust the information contained in item 1b) above. 7."


id: 6c923091f5822f2f463359045dbb964d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3250
content:
"The figure below graphically presents the annual and accumulated figures from 2016 to 2021 of the country s needs regarding the costs necessary for reconstruction after extreme climatic events linked only to the Rainy Sea- son, considering the sectors of Education (classrooms), Health, Agriculture, Miscellaneous Infrastructure and Assistance, as well as the amounts allocated and the defi- cits identified during the period analysed."


id: 592c74f53324fde1d642a68b91a73d3d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2526
content:
"The geographical location and extension of the county provide for the privilege of a big diversity of natural resources, namely wide fertile areas suitable area for aquaculture, forest, wildlife and fisheries, important watersheds, mineral resources including renewable and non-renewable energy sources and a long coastline of great economic, touristic and environmental potential."


id: e43c01e9665f9b07bcf567ba7ee3ec1e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7542
content:
"The implementation of any proposed reduction is conditional on the provision of financial, technological and capacity building from the international community. 11."


id: 1784d05d9bdb64683287bd76153cf3d9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 279
content:
"The indicators are the tons of CO2eq reduced following the baseline parameters and mitigation actions calculated by measures and accounted in annual results, which will be aggregated and compared to the quantities committed in 2025. a) Reference years, base years, reference periods or other starting points; b) Quantifiable information on the benchmarks, their values in the corresponding reference years, base years, reference periods or other starting points and, as the case may be, in the reference year; c) In the case of strategies, plans and measures referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6 of the Paris Agreement5  or policies and measures incorporating nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; d) Target in relation to the baseline indicator, expressed numerically, for example as a percentage or quantity of reduction; 1."


id: 83f8a38d3a10ef57a54a31eb2c94507
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4075
content:
"The lack of access to potable water and the exposure and frequency of droughts on the one hand, and the existence of deep aquifers in the interior of the country with fresh or brackish water on the other hand, make it difficult to access safe water supplies and limit the development and well-being of families living in these re- gions."


id: e6a0d5d49677e5ca27a4a7d9ae9a9d08
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7616
content:
"The losses in yields due to the occurrence of extremes are summarized in table 2.  \f  Table 2: Impact of climate change on yields from 2005 to 2014. Year Event Affected region Loss of area Severe drought South and Centre Cyclone F\u00e1vio Provinces of Inhambane, Sofala and Manica Moderate drought South and Centre Drought and floods South and Centre Flood South and Centre Storms Dando and Funso Entire country Drought and floods Entire country Floods South and Centre and Province of Cabo Delgado 7."


id: 3e5fa2bd6356c036f51d1cf4bcc86778
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1603
content:
"The main challenge is the development of industries that enable their sustainable exploitation and transformation. Diversification of the national economy is another challenge for more stable, comprehensive and sustainable growth. After several years of growth of around 7%, the national economy experienced a slowdown in 2016, growing by only 3.8%, down from 6.6% and 7.4% in 2015 and 2014, respectively."


id: a27f10b781ec27e4bb9d9949036066c9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5154
content:
"The members of the GIIMC have the responsibility to: \u2022 Represent the sector in the national climate change coordination body ensuring harmonization of national climate change actions and their sectoral integration \u2022 Report on the implementation of climate change actions in the sectors/areas they represent including challenges and needs encountered and \u2022 To technically approve the instruments, reports and other documents formulated in the context of climate change."


id: 738d9d72a9d6ade3e2580e206bd7e3a9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3509
content:
"The national economy has considerable potential in the primary sector due to the existence of various natural resources capable of serving as a basis for creating a competitive advantage in various productive sectors. For example, ICF International (2012) and Biggs (2012) have documented that Mozambique has one of the world s largest reserves of natural gas (estimated at 250 trillion cubic feet) and coal (estimated at 25 billion tons). Other natural resources include forests, grasslands, inland waters, 2,400 kilometres of coastline and minerals (FAO, 2006)."


id: d7cbeec63b3b6f47f703593e4c79262c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7086
content:
"The original structure of the e-sheets was modified to suit the mitigation actions considered a priority in Mozambique, according to the procedure described above. The tools used allow projecting energy production and use and, in other sectors, industrial production (in IPPU), expansion of agricultural and livestock areas, land use changes (in AFOLU) and waste production (in the Waste sector) based on economic-social growth assumptions. Adaptation has also been done to accommodate the mitigation actions considered."


id: d9dcaf6bb42f2270b33a8278da50cf9f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7158
content:
"The pilot for integration of climate and epidemiological information and development of early warning system in 4 provinces (Nampula, Sofala, Inhambane and Maputo) is underway."


id: ca3fa7649040430076a96d9eaa50c9a9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6602
content:
"The previous version of Mozambique NDC 2020-2030 an- alysed the extreme events that occurred in the country in the period 1980 to 2016 and indicated that floods, tropi- CONTRIBUTION TO ADAPTATION VULNERABILITY OF MOZAMBIQUE cal cyclones, droughts including epidemics are the events that most affect the population, who live in prone areas. Floods are the most frequent event followed by tropical cy- clones."


id: 4737d1e230485dee15ed0b68b9002fcd
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1910
content:
"The process of formulating the NTSF was participatory involving public and private sectors and entities, civil society and academia through consultations to, among others, review and validate the monitoring elements of the NDC; present and validate the objectives of the institutional arrangements for the National MRV System; present the proposed Enhanced Transparency Framework; present the model reports on climate change adaptation and mitigation actions; undertake group work to review the proposed Enhanced Transparency Framework and model reports, and achieve consensus on the documents under formulation in plenary discussions for validation."


id: e6c15d278a2f57740333af648dc7f4f4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7619
content:
"The process of updating NDC 1 took place in the context of the spread of COVID-19, combined with the cli- matic shocks that affected the south of the country at the beginning of 2021 and the military insecurity in some locations in the cen- tral and northern regions of the country, combined with weak global demand, led to a downward revision of the economic outlook initially outlined for 2021, with the growth rate falling from 2.1% to 1.5%."


id: f384ce2cec95d24026f6cac70da302f4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8042
content:
"The relevant entities are the Climate Change Unit, the Knowledge Management Centre, hosted in the Science Academy of Mozambique, the National Climate Change Network, the GIIMC and the National Greenhouse Gases Inventory System (SNIGEE), already included in the National System to Monitor and Evaluate Climate Change. \f  Bibliographic References  INDC. 2009. Estudo sobre o impacto das altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas no risco de calamidades em Mo\u00e7ambique Relat\u00f3rio S\u00edntese, 2009  World Bank. 2010. Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change : Mozambique. Washington, DC. \u00a9 World Bank."


id: 58164d8bb408f6308df579772e8bb2c2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2489
content:
"The report projects greater losses, estimated between 2 to 7 thousand million USD (real 2003) for the period covering 2003 to 2050. This is equivalent to an annual loss that varies among 0,6 and 1,2 thousand million USD per year until 2030. The major losses are those associated with infrastructures, mainly roads due to floods, although agriculture is also severely affected by drought. As referred above, the country is vulnerable to climate change."


id: b85ed7d88aee13bb3ba66ad1b93bdcec
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5961
content:
"The spread of COVID-19, combined with the climatic shocks that affected the south of the country at the beginning of 2021 and the military insecurity in some regions of the Centre and North of the country, associated with weak global demand, led to a downward revision of the economic outlook initially outlined for 2021, with the growth rate falling from 2.1% to 1.5%."


id: 296e9703750f5505fed8286e324107b7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 870
content:
"Therefore, as established in the National Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy (NCCAMS) (MICOA, 2012), the national priority is defined in its mission \u201cto increase resilience in the communities and the national economy including the reduction of climate risks, and promote a low- carbon development and the green economy through the integration of adaptation and mitigation in sectorial and local planning\u201d."


id: f6fb9e072302b65e101487e3164d554f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8176
content:
"Therefore, from 2020 to 2025, the country intends to increase its resilience at the provincial level and to include adaptation in that scope of planning and from 2026 to 2030 to do the same at the national level, achieving in this way the vision of the NCCAMS \u2013 \u201cA prosperous and climate change resilient Mozambique, with a green economy in all social and economic sectors\u201d."


id: c0c521e14521ccfbb5d96b359a17422
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6241
content:
"Therefore, the implementation of the INDC will include the most vulnerable communities, promoting an inclusive climate proofed development, with a higher degree of access to efficient technologies and cleaner energy sources, promoting environmental integrity and the creation of green jobs. arrangements The Institutional Arrangements established to implement and MRV the Mitigation component of the INDC are those established by the NCCAMS and operationalized by the National System to Monitor and Evaluate Climate Change."


id: 9651a86c0795528ff58b5f75fb6b41f9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4723
content:
"These actions are supported by national citizens, the private sector, civil society organisa- tions and cooperation partners. The support needs accumulate from event to event and year to year due to the frequency and intensity with which extreme events occur."


id: d4b3d7a5b4071588e71c21e04589f658
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6993
content:
"These advances will contribute to increased fiscal and climate transparency, increasing the efficiency of public spending through the process of pre-assessment and ap- proval of projects planned by the State of Mozambique before they are funded on social and economic impact, as well as, in particular, on vulnerability considerations and other aspects of global climate change."


id: 67c07f0db67695b859ea8fe6e18d363a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3076
content:
"These are relevant to achieve a prosperous and climate change resilient Mozambique, with a green economy in all social and economic sectors. Mozambique has decided to include adaptation in its INDC, so as to consider this document as a means to communicate its present and future great climate vulnerability and the effort that the Government, in collaboration with its partners, has to make to create the national capacity to deal with climate change."


id: 8ec57dfeb141f7a001f2ced7e9e9fd0f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4481
content:
"These two initiatives were harmonised to cover all sectors of the Mozambique NDC 2020 - 2030, and enabled a broad consultation process with stakeholders, including business sectors, provinces and civil society representatives to prioritise the actions to be included in the NDC and the format in which they should be presented. The implementation of these two initiatives resulted in the formulation of the Mozambique NDC 2020 - 2025, the Mozambique NDC Operationalisation Plan 2020 - 2025, which details the actions of the NDC."


id: a4f8ac054fabd028cf153021077319ab
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5239
content:
"This NDC has been prepared in an environment of uncertainty due to the measures imposed by the emergence of new waves of infections from COVID-19, natural calamities and military instability in some localities in the centre and north of the country."


id: bc49b38116c3517237812e5fe9858e0e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6097
content:
"This analysis shows a growing financial deficit process related to the impacts linked to extreme climatic events and emergen- cies, which during the period under review has already reached over 8.2 billion meticais.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE The commitment to actions to address global climate change is real, measurable and grounded in genuine na- tional sovereignty, however, the large and growing barri- ers of finance, technology transfer and training & capaci- ty building faced by Mozambique are undeniable."


id: da42b8a765ebfae53d827ad36947bc2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7170
content:
"This decline was mainly due to the drought registered in the central and southern areas of the country, and the floods in the central and northern regions, having negatively affected the agriculture sector and electricity production, among other international and national conjunctural factors.\f  Update  NDC MOZAMBIQUE The climate of Mozambique is diverse. Due to its location in the inter-tropical zone, manifestations of the humid tropical, dry tropical, semi-arid tropical as well as altitude-modified climate can be found throughout the country."


id: f8e45961eff77fa26c5c4bfd2d5325e1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8251
content:
"This dimension of mainstreaming climate change into the Pub- lic Investment Management Assessment system will con- tribute to the authorities adopting the guidelines includ- ing climate considerations aligned with the new law on the State Financial Administration System (SISTAFE)."


id: 3e4788ce895501b84a68018fcf35fc52
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1594
content:
"This document presents Mozambique s NDC 1 Update, which was prepared following a participatory approach in which the public and private sectors including civil society and academia were also involved with technical assistance from various international partners."


id: ab574082a619500097b011f0b11f4158
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5479
content:
"This indicated that the economic cost of the disasters that occurred in Mozambique between 1980 and 2003 was 1,74 thousand million USD. However, this value underestimates the losses and impacts on the poor populations that live mostly in the coastal zones (60%) and derive their basic subsistence from fisheries and rainfed agriculture. This population, the coastal resources and infrastructures are exposed to tropical cyclones and to sea level rise. Based in the same study, the climate scenarios indicate the reduction of the national welfare."


id: 69029b07646273dc96e7b721c71b9860
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3105
content:
"This process ended with the realization of the Forum to debate the validation of the INDC and afterwards with its approval by the Council of Ministers and subsequent submission to the UNFCCC\u2019s Secretariat. 2."


id: d98b8f6d4d8c6448388588d4d2a72ce3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7148
content:
"This process will result in a Technological Action Plan identifying the needs, including the financial and capacity building needs in those sectors. This information is relevant to identify the necessary means to implement the proposed actions. This exercise will be concluded by the end of 2017."


id: 831fd7b2ea7a65b5f4790d0c73d54085
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4044
content:
"This resulted in the preliminary version of the document that served as a basis for the consultations at the provincial level and at the central level, in the Technical Council of the National Council for Sustainable Development (CONDES), and with other different stakeholders as the civil society, private sector representatives and governmental institutions."


id: 73d3b125b878ee5efe5d84e84252f00e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3520
content:
"This scenario is based on continuing to respond to Public Health Emergencies as part of the response to the nega- tive impact of COVID 19, with the implementation of the COVID-19 Response Plan through vaccination of 80% of the target population by 2022, providing health assistance to displaced populations and strengthening the Health Emergency Operational Centre."


id: 966b703f49bb6fd78ec5275ae56a6153
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4727
content:
"This scenario is based on continuing to respond to Public Health Emergencies as part of the response to the negative impact of COVID 19, with the implementation of the COVID-19 Response Plan through vaccination of 80% of the target population by 2022, providing health assistance to displaced populations and strengthening the Health Emergency Operational Centre. However, the need to incur expenses to mitigate adverse climatic shocks and the COVID-19 pandemic, makes it necessary for external credit to increase for investment projects."


id: c308a1319fb9e6a774728b0995a17e83
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6333
content:
"This trend has changed a little in recent analyses covering the period 1980 - 2019, which show tropical cy- clones as the most frequent event, followed by floods and followed by droughts (see graph below). This small change is influenced by the phenomenon that occurred during the 2018/2019 rainy season during which the country was affected by two tropical cyclones IDAI and Kenneth and tropical depression Desmond."


id: 27326d2f241c6f8959d27b9b11791526
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 791
content:
"This vision is quite ambitious, has been demonstrated during the implementation of the NCCAMS\u2019s first action plan, and the need for financial and technical support and capacity building continues to be necessary. 4. Reporting on current and planned adaptation undertakings and support  According to the NCCAMS, the present and future planned actions (post- 2020) directed at the increase of resilience and risk reduction will correspond to the update of the adaptation component of the Strategy which will correspond to the NAP of Mozambique."


id: c828f5ec5b4236af899dd46abacbc3a4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6525
content:
"Thus, Mozambique indicates that the implementation of the adaptation and emission reduction actions foreseen in NDC 1 are conditional to international climate support. The country received from the NDC Partnership support that made it possible to budget the proposed NDC actions and identify the commitments whose realization already had international climate support secured. This document, as well as Mozambique s NDC 1, includes contributions on adaptation and mitigation, and identifies the financial, technological and capacity building barriers that the country has for its implementation."


id: adab3dcd1a225ba5d73bbcb2bac0d749
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5558
content:
"Thus, part of Mozambique s contributions in the mitigation area are conditioned to international climate financial, technological and capacity building support to be received from abroad, as well as capacity building."


id: 243ab5130f7711cdd5ea0274fb966c2a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 687
content:
"Thus, the QNTFM was developed to systematically produce the following reports: Biennial Transparency Report (BTR), National Communication (CN) and the Implementation Report (a) Assumptions and methodological approaches used to account for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals corresponding to the Party s nationally determined contribution, in accordance with decision 1 /CP .21, paragraph 31, and the accounting guidance adopted by the CMA; Energy Sector IPPU Sector AFOLU Sector Transport Sector Natural Resources Sector Water Resources Sector Healthy Sector Finance Sector Gender Sector Science and Tecnology Sector Public Works and Housing Sector Early Warning Sector Disaster Manage- ment Sector Marine and Inner Waters Resouces Sector Waste Sector Tourism Sector Biodiver- sity Sector GHG INVENTORIES PRIVATE SECTOR CIVIL SOCIETY NGOs RASTREIO DA IMPLEMENTA\u00c7\u00c3O DE ENAMMC E NDC MEASURING AND REPORTING ACADEMY TECHNICAL SUPPORT Nacional MRV System: - National Communications - GEE Inventories - Biennial Transparency Reports - Report of Implementation of the ENAMMC GIIMC UNFCCC Academia Statistics Sector Coordination Instituion Concil of Ministers VERIFICATION Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE ON INDICATOR INDICATOR VALUE IN THE BASE YEAR CALCULATION METHODOLOGY RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTION UNIT COMMENTS This"


id: fe6d61da9767c0d888480fb1dd277604
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8456
content:
"Thus, the implementation of the NDC will take into account the most vulnerable groups in communities, promoting climate-proof and inclusive development with increased access to efficient technologies and clean energy, prioritising environmental integrity, human health and the creation of green jobs. Thus, Mozambique s NDC is fair in that it responds to the country s vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, post-pandemic challenges of COVID19 and puts on the table its contribution as a developing country."


id: 580976109580690b139e0b4f3a9a9fac
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2488
content:
"To achieve that, in the short term (2015-2019), the first NCCAMM action plan is being updated. In this Plan adaptation will be included as the National Adaptation Plan (NAP). In this period, as in 2013 and 2014, the goal will continue to be the  Action Plan, to increase local resilience, fighting poverty and identifying opportunities for adaptation and low- carbon development at community level through its mainstreaming in the process of district planning and budgeting."


id: 941b721bb3f02f04630590d837c9050d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4666
content:
"To be defined Allocated financial resources Avoided GHG emissions Share of renewable energy in total energy consumption Burnt areas Million USD % ha/year MTA MTA MIREME MADER & MTA Specific Soma das emiss\u00f5es de GEE evitadas pela implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de ac\u00e7\u00f5es de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o Specific Specific thousand million To be defined in the prevalence of uncontrolled fires\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE This indicator is the result of combined actions by INAM, INGC, MADER and MOPHRH and can only be calculated by the MTA."


id: 46f2d2a24ac367da2d76605a7b3b5f3c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1903
content:
"To date, Mozambique has only conducted preliminary assessments of the mitigation co-benefits of adaptation actions, supported by UNICEF for Resilient Water Supply and Sanitation Systems and Water Resources with funding from Green Funds for the time horizon 2022 to 2024. These activities propose to exchange diesel power generators for photovoltaic panels. Preliminary calculations show that an emissions reduction of about 180 ktCO2eq annually.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE 5."


id: af8a4572287e9ed8f55bde442931fcf1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5626
content:
"To estimate the total emissions, the units of the other gases were converted into CO2equivalent (Gg CO2eq.), corresponding to the global warming potential of carbon dioxide in a period of 100 years."


id: 51945afc47a8c2633d5438acd6b7aa6e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2266
content:
"To promote and coordinate the implementation of the commitments assumed in the scope of the UNFCCC and Agreements, with emphasis on the Nationally Determined Contribution and other instruments that the country ratifies in the context of climate change; 3. Disseminate climate change issues with an emphasis on financial, technological and capacity building opportunities; 4. To coordinate and ensure the timely submission of reports required under the implementation of the Convention and signed Agreements; 5."


id: f71cb9c62928d258e066f41017dbd796
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8181
content:
"Trend in the increase of the averages of the maximum and minimum temperature (INGC, 2009) all over the country (Table 1), where the central region had the higher variation in the minimum temperature (+1,62\u00baC) Table 1: Variation of the average maximum and minimum temperature by region, between 1960 and 2005 in four stations (INGC, 2010) Region Trend Variation TMaxAve Variation da TMinAve North Increase Centre Increase South Increase Coast Increase 2."


id: c2d19c6b1d5b5bc63c522637e8c1d7f2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6321
content:
"Under this support it was possible, amongst other results, to update the NDC budget and identify actions whose implementation is conditioned to international climate support and those that are not conditioned; formulate project ideas for priority actions conditioned to international climate support; formulate Mozambique s Long Term Low Carbon Development Strategy 2020 - 2050; update energy sector statistics; integrate NDC into planning and budgeting processes; detail NDC actions; formulate National Adaptation Plan for the Health Sector; develop Local Adaptation Plans; strengthen gender sensitivity in Mozambique s NDC actions; and, design terms of reference for developing emissions factors for the energy and waste sectors."


id: eb3d18b63915bddf6acd2bc9def7968
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7762
content:
"Update  NDC MOZAMBIQUE (ii) For Parties with nationally determined contributions that contain non-greenhouse gas components, information on assumptions a nd methodological approaches used in relation to those components, as applicable; (iii) For climate forcings included in nationally determined contributions not covered by IPCC guidelines, information on how climate forcings are estimated; (iv) Additional technical information, as necessary; (g) The intention to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, if applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable."


id: 17d908f927cc9e45103406334a871ee7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 287
content:
"Update  NDC MOZAMBIQUE This chapter describes the adaptation and risk reduction actions that the country commits to undertake in the pe- riod 2020 - 2025, aimed at making Mozambique more re- silient to the impacts of climate change, reducing climate risks to people and goods as much as possible, restoring and ensuring the rational use and protection of natural and built capital (MICOA, 2012)."


id: 7147592b2a1a3a6c2ceaea44b1724cac
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3418
content:
"Update  NDC MOZAMBIQUE This document is thus the result of the process of pro- gression of ambition in various aspects such as adaptation, mitigation, transparency and international support."


id: ca0a6181ef2ce29c9db88bccd07be972
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6590
content:
"Update  Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change MOZAMBIQUE REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE | MINISTRY OF LAND AND ENVIRONMENT\fREPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE | MINISTRY OF LAND AND ENVIRONMENT MOZAMBIQUE Update  Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE This document is made available by the National Directorate of Climate Change of the Ministry of Land and Environment of Mozambique TRANSLATION AND EDITION Caos Lda. and CEAGRE FINANCIAMENTO Climate Promise REFERENCE Government of Mozambique."


id: f7171b71d54979aa6aaa4b564b4f97a7
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8180
content:
"Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE AC\u00c7\u00c3O DE MITIGA\u00c7\u00c3O MEDIDA META/LOCAL Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources - hydro 4.6.2.2.1.1 Technology Action Plan for Regular Hydro Turbine Technology Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources - wind 4.6.2.2.1.2 Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources - Photovoltaic 4.6.2.2.1.3 Improving access to renewable SUMMARY OF MEASURES PRESENTED: MITIGATION AND LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT New capacity of Tsate (50 MW) Moamba Major (15 MW) Implementation of the Technological Action Plan for Regular-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants - TNA Vilanculos (10 MW) Dondo (30 MW) Nacala (30 MW) Boane (30 MW) Cuamba (30 MW) Balama (10 MW) Checua \u2013 Maputo (60KW) Alto Changane \u2013 Gaza (100Kw) Changanine \u2013 Gaza (0.06MW) Zimane \u2013 Inhambane (0.06) MW Chiloane \u2013 Sofala (0.04 MW) Inhamuchindo - Sofala (0.060 MW) Chissinguana \u2013 Sofala (0.01 MW) Chicule \u2013 Manica (0/07) Mpego - Manica (40 MW) Garagua Manica (0.04 MW) Fortuna \u2013 Tete (20 MW) Mazogo Lualesse (0.04 MW) Chissimbi \u2013 Niassa (0.020 MW) Matchedje \u2013 Niassa (0.223MW) Ninga - Cabo Delgado (18MW) Ngapa - Cabo Delgado (0,200MW) Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE"


id: d901fc9679182a07bddded2830eed50b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7133
content:
"Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE SUMMARY OF ADAPTATION AND CLIMATE RISK REDUCTION MEASURES AND TRANSVERSE ACTIONS Strengthening INAM s capacity to provide dedicated and adequate meteorological information to each user, including fisheries (development of products appropriate to the specific needs of meteorological information users) 4.6.1.1.1 Increasing the scale of the early warning system, reaching district 4.6.1.1.2 Strengthening of systems for storage, data processing and dissemination of timely meteorological and hydrological information (increasing accessibility and quality of meteorological and hydrological Strengthening the role of INAM in coordinating the collection and monitoring of climate data (standardization of the method of collecting hydro-meteorological data under the tutelage of various intuitions/organizations, increasing the number of hydro-meteorological stations in the most vulnerable locations) Setting standards for the development and coordination of multi-event early warning systems (development and approval of an effective coordination mechanism between key SAP actors) Strengthening of the climate and meteorological information system to anticipate the occurrence of droughts (operationalisation of tools to monitor droughts and issue warning notices on the eminence of droughts) The dashboard for the INS National Health Observatory for climate sensitive"


id: 246f95ebb81746c678ea277f61a53542
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 698
content:
"Updated First National Determined Contribution of Mozambique Climate Change Directorate. Ministry of Land and the Environment 105 pp."


id: c279702df1037c70e7f572f247491acf
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6311
content:
"Van Dorp, M., 2013. Economic feasibility of Jatropha production and processing: A calculation model for business case development by small producer organizations (SPO). Supported by the Global Sustainable Biomass Fund, Netherlands. Van Eijck, J., Smeets, E., and Faaij, A., 2012. The economic performance of jatropha, cassava and Eucalyptus production systems for energy in an East African smallholder setting. GCB Bioenergy 4, 828-845. Waste Management, 2019. Sustainability Report 2020. Accessed 1 July 2021.  World Aluminium, 2020."


id: 6c8e45036d2702fa947955c62f5694b9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3247
content:
"Volume 25, Article #111. Magaia, E., 2021. Personal communication with national GHG inventory IPPU expert, 23 June 2021. Mahumane, G. 2021. Promises and Perils of Energy Transitions in Mozambique: On resource exploration, emission pathways and the spatial dimension of household energy demand. PhD Thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Mahumane, Gilberto & Mulder, P. 2016. Introducing MOZLEAP: An integrated long-run scenario model of the emerging energy sector of Mozambique. Energy Economics 59, 275 \u2013 289. Mallapragada, et al., 2018."


id: e1160d7505cd0431155835d9f736179d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7423
content:
"Wa- ter supply and sanitation was affected by cyclone IDAI in 2019 and according to assessment by the expert team, 705 water supply boreholes and wells were destroyed affecting about 211,500 people, 47 water supply systems of cities and secondary towns were paralysed which created restriction in water supply to 1,639,244 people. Some 189,953 house- hold latrines and septic tanks were submerged, forcing 416,047 people to return to open defecation with serious consequences for public health."


id: c5c33bf502ab39dd260d32dcad13dc0a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6425
content:
"Washington, DC. World Resources Institute. FUNAE (National Energy Fund of Mozambique), 2015. Atlas de Energias Renov\u00e1veis de Mo\u00e7ambique. Maputo, Mocambique. FUNAE, 2016. Promoting a sustainable charcoal value chain in Mozambique. Technical information provided to the NAMA Facility - Technical Support Unit (TSU). July 2016. FUNAE, 2019. Renewable Energy Projects Portfolio Hydro and Solar Resources, July 2019. Maputo, Mozambique. Furlaneto, F. P. B.; Martins, A. N. & Esperancini, M. S. T. 2007."


id: 73bcf5709df85489e1bb40247489a715
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3518
content:
"Waste Recycling in Mozambique Through Establishment of Waste Transfer and Recycling Centre testing Concept and Formulation of Bottom-up NAMA. Final Report. Njana, M. A.; Kajembe, G. C.; & Malimbwi, R. E. 2013. Are miombo woodlands vital to livelihoods of rural households? Evidence from Urumwa and surrounding communities, Tabora, Tanzania, Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 22:2, 124-140, DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2013.803774.\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE Ofgem, 2018. Future Insights: Implications of the Transition to Electric Oliveira, M. D. M. & Nachiluk, K. 2011."


id: 1629e9919bf26536e8cfd66e7b7e889e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 220
content:
"With regard to the distribution of the population by age group (table below), particularly between 2017 and 2025, there is a decrease in the population aged between zero and 14 years old; a growth throughout the period in the population aged 15 - 64 years old as well as a growth in the population aged 65 years old and over. AGE GROUP                 2017 The average life expectancy is 54 years, being 51 years for men and 56.5 years for women."


id: 41614f5eb58ea5757a52f8d80bc46b88
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1703
content:
"With the implementation of the identified actions, measures, projects, policies and programmes, Mozambique expects to reduce its GHG emissions by about 40 Mt CO2eq between 2020 and 2025."


id: cf18d46e5a1e4eb2a2791f544ba746d2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6789
content:
"XXVI Congresso Brasileiro de Custos \u2013 Curitiba, PR, Brasil. 1-16p. Mateus, A.P.; Monteiro, J.J.; Cittadin, A. & Menegali, M.V. 2019. Cost analysis in Virginia tobacco production: a study on a family farm. Custos e @groneg\u00f3cio online, 17(1): 264-284. Mayuni P, Chiumia D, Gondwe T, Banda L, Chagunda M and Kazanga D., 2019. Greenhouse gas emissions in smallholder dairy farms in Malawi. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 31, Article #43. ME/DEP. 2012. Estat\u00edstica da Energia 2000-2011 (Minist\u00e9rio da Energia - Rep\u00fablica de Mo\u00e7ambique ed.)."


id: 180807be50718db4b9cacda6ec268e1e
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 293
content:
"and coastal zones; \uf0b7 Align the legal and institutional framework with the NCCAMS \uf0b7 Strengthen research and systematic observation institutions for the collection of data related to vulnerability assessment and adaptation to climate change; \uf0b7 Develop and ameliorate the level of knowledge and capacity to act on climate change; and \uf0b7 Promote the transfer and adoption of clean and climate change resilient technologies."


id: 6502d980edfdc188ab94504144f4653c
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2970
content:
"and issue warning notices on the eminence of droughts) The dashboard for the INS National Health Observatory for climate sensitive diseases (Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, cholera and diarrhoea) (WHO) was developed."


id: 61de347ee979b3819df277e29f72952b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2831
content:
"and reporting progress  The government has approved the National System to Monitor and Evaluate Climate Change and this will be used to MRV the adaptation actions. This system is being tested and will be functioning before 2020 and onwards. Mitigation Contribution The INDC will be implemented between 2020 and 2030. of contribution Implementation of Policies\u2019 and Programmes\u2019 actions: 2. Energy Strategy (being updated and to be approved by 2016); 3. Biofuel Policy and Strategy ; 4."


id: ffb1caec53249a98e2cc8134a2e3e22a
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 8503
content:
"and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and"


id: 311e87ca0b7983917cc2d3dc18bfe006
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1153
content:
"e) Information on the data sources used to quantify the benchmarks; f) Information on the circumstances in which the Party may update the benchmarksa) DATA                                                          VALUE Year of the last GHG inventory                2016 Population 27.9 million inhabitants6 in 2017. The 2017 National Census indicates that the total number is expected to increase from that year to about 34 million in 2025, or a net increase of about 6 million in the total population. Annual population growth 2.8% for the 2 periods (2020-2025)."


id: c219fc93ad26d556694c6f6f6fa9fadb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6295
content:
"energy and waste) Updating climate scenarios and downscaling the results to cover the Mozambican territory\fUpdate  NDC MOZAMBIQUE It is understood that there is no base year and that the results will be compared with the BAU emissions scenarios of the implemented measures, considering two years to reach the target one from 2020 to 2025, made based on the last GHG Inventory provided in PBURM."


id: db9abb4fecae4a1e6619df18f521c53d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7225
content:
"implemented to contribute to mitigation co-benefits, including information on adaptation plans that also generate mitigation co-benefits, which may cover, but are not limited to, key sectors such as energy, resources, water resources, coastal resources, human settlements and urban planning, agriculture and forestry and economic diversification actions, which may cover, but are not limited to, sectors such as manufacturing and industry, energy and mining, transport and communication, construction, tourism, real estate, agriculture and fisheries To date, Mozambique has not undertaken such assessments of how the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in the development of the NDC."


id: 88c943fffa2f6a2e202e1b66ff08eeec
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4266
content:
"in the western Indian Ocean region Dissemination of improved technologies for agricultural production, agroforestry systems, natural resource management, conservation agriculture, irrigation, vaccinations, artificial insemination, reduction of post-harvest losses and processing of plant and animal products, and food and nutrition education - new Encouraging seed production and conservation: Implementation of the Action Plan for Seed Production and Conservation and Promotion of Low Cost Grain and Seed Storage Systems contained in the Adaptation Technology Action Plan for Agriculture."


id: 12952f122d717027debd16f3254632c1
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 81
content:
"maintain ecosystem functions and allow wildlife migrations - 4.6.1.6.1.3 Reclassification and re-dimensioning of conservation areas, identifying areas at risk of biodiversity loss Promotion of the survey of knowledge on the contribution of biodiversity to the increase in the carbon stock, with a view to mitigating and adapting to climate change (based on Target 15 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Planning and management of biodiversity and coastal ecosystems 4.6.2.3."


id: 6a386aba9ec852dbae272eb3081fffab
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3161
content:
"management Increased access and capacity for water collection, storage, treatment and distribution 4.6.1.2.2 Promoting more resilient rural sanitation solutions for floods Conservation of rainwater in excavated and underground reservoirs mainly in the South 4.6.1.2.4 Improving knowledge on the quality and quantity of water resources 4.6.1.2.1.3 Establishment of the Optimal Water Resources Monitoring Network Exploration/development of deep aquifers as alternatives for water supply in drought affected areas Increasing storage capacity at all levels 4.6.1.2.1.3 (Promoting construction of surface and sub-surface water storage infrastructure) PACA II - Community Adaptation Action Plans CUAPA III - Community Adaptation Action Plans Construction of multi-purpose water supply systems including desalination for arid and semi-arid areas using clean energy sources Promotion of the Water Safety Plans and Institutional Capacity Building of the main actors Development of Small Infrastructure for Water repression/storage Development of more appropriate infrastructure construction technologies for rural sanitation from the point of view of environmental protection and preservation Rainwater conservation in excavated and underground reservoirs mainly in the South (improvement of rainwater harvesting, conservation and management through capacity building and promotion of appropriate technologies) 4.6.1.2.4 Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE Strengthening the capacity to prevent and control the spread of vector-borne diseases by correctly mapping their"


id: 350c42ffa45c90e0dac7de19224657f9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 1275
content:
"management committees and strengthening local communication capacity in the dissemination of warnings and alerts 4.6.1.1.2.5 Improved early warning dissemination system at local level (Strengthening the capacity and involvement of information and media outlets, including community radios, in the dissemination of early warning information and raising community awareness on climate change and disaster risk management issues) Strengthening the role of CLGRCs in climate risk reduction at local level (Drafting the terms of reference of CLGRCs, including actions for their sustainability; Strengthening their capacity and involvement in the flow of information alerting and sensitizing communities on matters of climate change and disasters; Promoting the exchange of experience among local communities on local knowledge of managing extreme events including actions undertaken to minimize their effects) Strengthening the Early Warning System 4.6.1.1.1 Strengthening Climate Risk Preparedness and Response SISTEMA DE AVISO PR\u00c9VIO Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE Availability of appropriate technologies and inputs to climate change 4.6.1.3.1.2 Expansion of the electricity grid and improvement of power quality to enable agrarian enterprises and encourage investment in the six agricultural development corridors Transition to a resilient Blue Economy in the western Indian Ocean region Dissemination of improved technologies for agricultural production, agroforestry systems, natural resource management, conservation agriculture,"


id: a8e048235dd7823ce6fc4669c6e792a2
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5391
content:
"the IPCC (2006) software for estimation of greenhouse gas emissions, and e-sheets developed in the African region for assessment of mitigation actions."


id: ae209c135b2b4a9adfe76c5ae7c78c20
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5579
content:
"the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g."


id: d792ef5ebe5695b6db36600d0ccec294
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7076
content:
"through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONES Update NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view"


id: 2729ee64f13bd3fd5f61ddc0a51b524d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 789
content:
"to the effects of climate change. Following is the summary table containing the strategic actions and respective measures that implemented will build climate resilience in communities and natural and built capital in the country."


id: ecd0e9ce2332e1b0bbf1895bc3b6cf3
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7820
content:
"\u201cCHAPTER 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EMISSIONS.\u201d In 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 1\u2013110. IPEF 1995. F\u00f3rum Nacional Sobre Inc\u00eandios Florestias, 1; Reuni\u00e3o Conjunta IPEF \u2013 FUPEF \u2013 SIF, 3. Anais. Piracicaba, IPEF/PCMIP. 51p. IPPC. 2006. Reporting Guidelines for National GHG Inventories. Irlham, 2017. Global Costs of Carbon Capture and Storage. 2017 Update. Global CCS Institute. ITIE. 2020. Oitavo Relat\u00f3rio, Anos de 2017 e 2018. Iniciativa de Transpar\u00eancia na Ind\u00fastria Extractiva Mo\u00e7ambique. Maputo, Mo\u00e7ambique. Jalsen, I.; Bolding, A. & Slingerland, M. 2010."


id: cea06929b936c904583fbbce9ccf6928
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 6769
content:
"\u201cPreliminary assessment of CO2 storage potential in the Rovuma sedimentary basin, Mozambique\u201d. Energy Procedia 63, Carniero, J., A. Ol\u00edmpio Gon\u00e7alves, R. Iglesias, C. Moniz, E. Pereira, A. Pinto Manuel and G. Mota, 2015. Carbon Capture and Storage in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries: Opportunities and Challenges. Report by Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, \u00c9vora. May 2015. CIAT; World Bank. 2017. Climate-Smart Agriculture in Mozambique CIAT; World Bank. 2017. Climate-Smart Agriculture in Mozambique. CSA Country Profiles for Africa Series."


id: 82578b7af095a09c942022c0bca559d4
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4011
content:
"\u2022 Conversion of 1000 cars to NG Repair of 150 NG buses for public transport Urban areas, in districts - nationwide Mozambique, in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE) Areas isolated from the grid (SIE) or mixed (SILE/SIE) Residences in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE)."


id: 85d8a0d36b3b63871ae2487969e2a3aa
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 4148
content:
"\u2022 Importation of one hundred and fifty (150) CNG Buses \u2022 Import of one thousand (1000) kits and respective conversion Cylinders for Natural Gas."


id: ec6497b953443cb0131a4316493f0da9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7805
content:
", increase the patient to medical health ratio) \u2022 Establishment of a climate-proof the public health system \u2022 Strengthened water and sanitation systems Unconditional\f  No."


id: 261fa665f7b81f436ad793f7be832b2b
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 756
content:
"11  BAU Mitigation potential Emission reduction (Gg CO2 Eq.) in Waste sector in 2030  Potential contribution of the different measures in Waste sector are listed below. Measure GHG amount % of BAU scenario Transform 50% MSW to electricity and compost  Gases The direct gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) are covered in this INDC."


id: 27dae9d27f888ceb43a01c76b8bc6261
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 816
content:
"15 Other wooded land, or OWL, is defined by FRA-2000 as land with a tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of 5\u2013 10% of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity, a crown cover of more than 10% of trees not able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity (such as dwarf or stunted trees), or shrub and bush cover of more than 10%."


id: 2636f3aaddefe5cc997f595419d24477
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 760
content:
"18  Monitoring and Reporting Progress The National Planning Commission (NPC) spearheads the implementation of the activities and the monitoring of the achievements of the National Development Plans, currently the NDP4. The analysis of economic development activities as dependent variables of recorded climatic parameters will indicate whether climate change is the responsible factor for deviations from set targets."


id: 5503da5b84daa4d3d61ba551d8635878
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 2382
content:
"19 (Republic of Namibia, 2020)\f  To ensure sustainable long-term access to water, and effectively manage and conserve the country\u2019s water resources with the uncertainty of climate change, the following adaptation options are pertinent; promote efficient water harvesting techniques, recycling and re-use of water, promote the use of desalination technologies to increase water supply, promote and encourage integrated water resources management, etc.  3.2.2 Agriculture and forestry Agriculture is a key sector of the Namibian economy."


id: d8e19989cc2e31f749a1b17514ed540d
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7127
content:
"2  Summary In conformity with decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20 of the Conference of the Parties, the Republic of Namibia has to submit its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change towards achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention as set out in Article 2 before the 01 October 2015. Namibia is thus pleased to submit its contribution towards meeting this objective along with information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of its INDC."


id: d7fea8f282d2a7b3acff34e739361875
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7088
content:
"22 (Namibia Statistics Agency, 2019)\f  3.5 Blue carbon opportunities in adaptation Namibia has an abundance of blue carbon waiting to be discovered and reported. Our challenge is to figure out how and where to act to strengthen blue carbon opportunities. With the tenth longest coastline (1572 km) in Africa 23, Namibia\u2019s Blue Carbon ecosystems hold great potential as Nature-based Solutions to mitigate climate change."


id: a6f4f465829b98d36c462b7d734dcb
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 5315
content:
"4  Facts about Namibia \uf0b7 Percentage contribution in  Global emissions \u2013 0.059% in 2010 \uf0b7 Per capita emissions decreased from 0.0146 Gg CO2-eq to 0.0130 Gg CO2-eq from 2000 to 2010 \uf0b7 GDP production increased from about US$ 200 to 300 per unit emission Considering the above facts, Namibia therefore considers it\u2019s INDC as fair, equitable, ambitious and adequate, given its development status and national circumstances."


id: e17373c9f86516b5ac7892036cf066f
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 7438
content:
"4 MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION  Namibia would need funding, capacity development and technology transfer to fully implement the mitigation and adaptation measures found in this NDC. This section presents an overview of the means of implementation across finance, capacity building, and technology. Costing each action involved identifying the cost for sub-actions, including upfront capital costs (e.g., infrastructure), ongoing maintenance costs, capacity-building or training, and the human resources needed to implement the action."


id: 67b1f4ba6ed76d9cc15cf7136c8cf2b9
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 3073
content:
"5  National Circumstances National development goals and priorities Namibia is still a young nation having obtained its independence since only a quarter of a century. The country is still setting a robust base for economic development to meet the aspirations of its people while meeting the international agenda. In this context, Namibia is signatory to numerous Conventions and is striving to maintain climate change as a priority within its development framework."


id: 12f89c0631ea77624e5155757c965d78
created_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
updated_at: 2023-10-04 15:13:24
content_type: text
index: document
vector_id: 100
content:
"6 NDC alignment with long-term mitigation strategies . 6 MITIGATION CONTRIBUTION 7 Accounting for baseline targets in the NDCs . 7 GHG Inventory . 10 Baseline targets in NDCs 11 Mitigation contributions by sector . 11 ADAPTATION . 19 Introduction 19 Impacts and priorities for adaptation. . 20 3.2.1 Water resources . 20 3.2.2 Agriculture and forestry 21 vii 3.2.3 Coastal zones 21 3.2.6 Disaster risk management . 22 Prioritised measures . 23 Cross-cutting areas 28 Blue carbon opportunities in adaptation . 29 MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION . 30 Mitigation Funding requirements . 30 Adaptation funding requirements . 31 Finance . 32 NDC financing strategy 33 Barriers and Opportunities towards the NDCs implementation 34 4.5.2 IPPU including RAC. 34 MONITORING, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION FOR NDC TRACKING . 35 MRV systems in Namibia 35 5.1.1 Barriers and Opportunities to MRV 36 5.1.2 MRV Capacity Needs 36 Institutional arrangements to track NDC implementation. 37 REFERENCES . 44 APPENDICES . 46 Appendix 1: Detailed Mitigation Measures . 46 Appendix 2: Detailed Adaptation Measures 49 viii List of figures Figure 2.1."


